Determination of Gimbal and Hinged Expansion Joints Reaction Moments

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos Veiga ◽  
Nelson Kavanagh ◽  
Ana Maria F. Sousa ◽  
Jorivaldo Medeiros ◽  
Jordana Luiza Veiga
Keyword(s):  
Calculation Method ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Expansion Joint ◽  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Spring Rate ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Metal Bellows ◽  
Media Pressure

This paper proposes a method to estimate the actual reaction loads in gimbal and hinged metal bellows expansion joints. Friction and some media pressure forces, which are not considered in current Expansion Joint Manufactures Association (EJMA) standard calculations, are added to bellows spring rate to estimate the expansion joint movement reaction moment. The proposed calculation method is based upon pressure and movement tests of large size expansion joints.

Determination of Gimbal and Hinged Expansion Joints Reaction Moments

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose´ Carlos Veiga ◽  
Nelson Kavanagh ◽  
Ana Maria F. Sousa ◽  
Jorivaldo Medeiros ◽  
Jordana Luiza Veiga
Keyword(s):  
Calculation Method ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Expansion Joint ◽  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Spring Rate ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Metal Bellows ◽  
Media Pressure

This paper proposes a method to estimate the actual reaction loads in gimbal and hinged metal bellows expansion joints. Friction and some media pressure forces, which are not considered in current EJMA Standard calculations, are added to bellows spring rate to estimate the expansion joint movement reaction moment. The proposed calculation method is based upon pressure and movement tests of large size expansion joints.

Evaluation of the Reaction Moments of Metal Bellows Expansion Joints Subjected to Angular Movement

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos Veiga ◽  
Nelson Kavanagh
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Pressure ◽  
Lateral Force ◽  
Expansion Joint ◽  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Angular Movement ◽  
Force Reaction ◽  
Metal Bellows ◽  
Actual Field ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Pressure

The reaction moment calculations of Hinged and Gimbal expansion joints, designed according to the “Standards of Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association” (EJMA), consider the bellows spring rate and pin friction. The reaction moment due to the lateral pressure forces should also be considered. Metal bellows subjected to angular movement extends one side and contracts the opposite, generating a lateral force caused by the media pressure. This paper evaluates the lateral force reaction moment in a hinged expansion joint with the hardware designed for angular movements. For this purpose prototypes were built and the moments evaluated, simulating actual field conditions.

Expansion Joint Design, Manufacture and Testing for Large Capacity Steam Turbines

2014 ◽  
Vol 592-594 ◽  
pp. 1539-1543
Author(s):  
C.S. Pargaonkar ◽  
Maneesh Batrani
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Computational Methods ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Expansion Joint ◽  
Large Capacity ◽  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Joint Design ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Limiting Values ◽  
Insight Into

The rapidly growing trend for higher capacity steam turbines with large steam flows demand the use of long lengths and large size pipes. Thermal expansions of up-to 50mm and pipe diameters up-to 2600mm are required to be dealt with calling for the use of Expansion Joints to control the stresses in both the pipes as well as the end equipment. The bellows in the Expansion Joints used for the steam turbine application are stretched to their limiting values of the stresses in order to make them as flexible as possible with the aim of limiting the pipe and end equipment operational stresses. Three fundamental types of loading are presented to provide insight into the way bellows convolutions are stressed during operation. The optimization of the bellows profile geometry is discussed briefly. A comparison of the resulsts obtainied by proven computational methods as well as by using international EJMA standard is made to highlight the safety built in the well established methods used.

The Design of Rectangular Metal Bellows

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert K. Broyles
Keyword(s):  
Beam Deflection ◽  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Lateral Deflection ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
Linear Limit ◽  
Metal Bellows ◽  
Improved Methods ◽  
8Th Edition ◽  
Turbine Exhaust

Rectangular metal expansion joints are commonly used in flue gas ductwork, turbine exhaust systems, and heat exchanger applications. The Standards of the Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association (EJMA) are widely referenced for the design of rectangular metal expansion joints. The 8th edition, 2005 addenda, contains equations for rectangular metal bellows pressure stresses, movement stresses, beam lateral deflection, fatigue life, and spring rate. This paper evaluates the accuracy of the EJMA equations based on failure reports and FEA studies. Both linear elastic and non-linear limit analyses are used for the evaluations. Improved methods are proposed for the determination of pressure capacity, beam deflection, moment of inertia, and corner rigidity. New lateral deflection limits and acceptance criteria are provided herein. This paper also includes design considerations for the pressure stops used to support bellows rails.

Repair of Bellows Expansion Joints

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Merrick ◽  
W. O’Toole ◽  
M. Malkmus
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
System Component ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Expansion Joint ◽  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Testing Program ◽  
Smooth Contour ◽  
Intended Function ◽  
Metal Bellows

A metal bellows expansion joint is a highly engineered, precisely manufactured piping system component. It cannot withstand mechanical abuse and perform its intended function without repair or replacement. A 304 stainless steel two-ply metal bellows expansion joint was intentionally damaged by drilling or grinding holes and grooves through the outer ply and subsequently weld-repaired by welding patches over the defects or by filling the grooves. In addition, gouges that did not penetrate the outer ply were blended to a smooth contour. This assembly was fatigue tested to demonstrate that when inadvertent damage does occur the bellows may be repaired. There are three methods of repair which may, under closely controlled circumstances, be a justifiable alternate to replacement of the bellows. Details of this testing program are described in this paper.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES WITH CROSS-SHAPED SPATIAL CRACK UNDER TORSION WITH BENDING

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Vl.I. KOLCHUNOV ◽  
◽  
A.I. DEMYANOV ◽  
M.M. MIHAILOV ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Experimental Scheme

The article offers a method and program for experimental studies of reinforced concrete structures with cross-shaped spatial crack under torsion with bending, the main purpose of which is to check the design assumptions and experimental determination of the design parameters of the proposed calculation method. The conducted experimental studies provide an opportunity to test the proposed calculation apparatus and clarify the regularities for determining deflections, angles of rotation of extreme sections, and stresses in the compressed zone of concrete. For analysis, the article presents a typical experimental scheme for the formation and development of cracks in the form of a sweep, as well as characteristic graphs of the dependence of the angles of rotation of end sections.

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