Repair of Bellows Expansion Joints

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Merrick ◽  
W. O’Toole ◽  
M. Malkmus
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
System Component ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Expansion Joint ◽  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Testing Program ◽  
Smooth Contour ◽  
Intended Function ◽  
Metal Bellows

A metal bellows expansion joint is a highly engineered, precisely manufactured piping system component. It cannot withstand mechanical abuse and perform its intended function without repair or replacement. A 304 stainless steel two-ply metal bellows expansion joint was intentionally damaged by drilling or grinding holes and grooves through the outer ply and subsequently weld-repaired by welding patches over the defects or by filling the grooves. In addition, gouges that did not penetrate the outer ply were blended to a smooth contour. This assembly was fatigue tested to demonstrate that when inadvertent damage does occur the bellows may be repaired. There are three methods of repair which may, under closely controlled circumstances, be a justifiable alternate to replacement of the bellows. Details of this testing program are described in this paper.

Determination of Gimbal and Hinged Expansion Joints Reaction Moments

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos Veiga ◽  
Nelson Kavanagh ◽  
Ana Maria F. Sousa ◽  
Jorivaldo Medeiros ◽  
Jordana Luiza Veiga
Keyword(s):  
Calculation Method ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Expansion Joint ◽  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Spring Rate ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Metal Bellows ◽  
Media Pressure

This paper proposes a method to estimate the actual reaction loads in gimbal and hinged metal bellows expansion joints. Friction and some media pressure forces, which are not considered in current Expansion Joint Manufactures Association (EJMA) standard calculations, are added to bellows spring rate to estimate the expansion joint movement reaction moment. The proposed calculation method is based upon pressure and movement tests of large size expansion joints.

scholarly journals Performance analysis and material selection of stainless steel expansion joints for power grid equipment

2021 ◽  
Vol 2076 (1) ◽  
pp. 012097
Author(s):  
Yanggen Zeng ◽  
Yujing Hu ◽  
Zhensheng Wang ◽  
Yi Xie ◽  
Weike Liu
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Metallographic Analysis ◽  
Expansion Joint ◽  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Stainless steel expansion joint, as the connecting part of GIS equipment, has the function of compensating the deformation of GIS caused by cold and hot stress. And it should at least meet the requirements of anti-corrosion and non-magnetic according to the working environment. This work investigate the performance of 304, 316L and 825 austenitic stainless steel expansion joints by metallographic analysis, hardness test, XRD analysis and magnetic analysis, and suggestions on material selection of expansion joint for power grid equipment are put forward.

Determination of Gimbal and Hinged Expansion Joints Reaction Moments

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose´ Carlos Veiga ◽  
Nelson Kavanagh ◽  
Ana Maria F. Sousa ◽  
Jorivaldo Medeiros ◽  
Jordana Luiza Veiga
Keyword(s):  
Calculation Method ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Expansion Joint ◽  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Spring Rate ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Metal Bellows ◽  
Media Pressure

This paper proposes a method to estimate the actual reaction loads in gimbal and hinged metal bellows expansion joints. Friction and some media pressure forces, which are not considered in current EJMA Standard calculations, are added to bellows spring rate to estimate the expansion joint movement reaction moment. The proposed calculation method is based upon pressure and movement tests of large size expansion joints.

Analysis of Expansion Joints Movement Test in FCC Unit

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordana L. B. C. Veiga ◽  
Jorivaldo Medeiros ◽  
José Carlos Veiga
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Inconel 625 ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Special Test ◽  
Test Device ◽  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Manufacturer Association ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
Movement Test

The turboexpander is an equipment that works under very critical conditions requiring very low allowable nozzle forces and moments. A solution to minimize the piping loads transmitted to the equipment is the use of expansion joints (EJ). A usual piping stress analysis normally is not enough to guarantee the turboexpander reliability. This paper shows the results obtained in a movement test realized on metallic bellows EJ used in a turboexpander piping system. The EJ were designed according to the expansion joints manufacturer association code (EJMA), the diameters range from 0.457 to 2,898 m, the material of the bellows is Inconel 625 LCF and the shell materials are “killed” carbon steel, for refractory lined EJ or stainless steel 304H. A special test device was developed to apply the design movements on the EJ at the factory. A digital dynamometer was used for data acquisition and the tests were performed on 16 EJ of two distinct types: hinged and gimbal. The EJ were pressurized with water during the test. The reactions and corresponding displacements for each step of the test were recorded during loading and unloading.

Analysis of FCC Expansion Joints Movement Test

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorivaldo Medeiros ◽  
Jordana Luiza B. da C. Veiga ◽  
Jose´ Carlos C. Veiga
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Inconel 625 ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Special Test ◽  
Test Device ◽  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Manufacturer Association ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
Movement Test

The Turboexpander is an equipment that works under very critical conditions requiring very low allowable nozzle forces and moments. A solution to minimize the piping loads transmitted to the equipment is the use of expansion joints. A usual piping stress analysis normally is not enough to guarantee the turboexpander reliability. This paper shows the results obtained in a movement test realized on metallic bellows expansion joints (EJ) used in a turboexpander piping system. The EJ were designed according to the expansion joints manufacturer association code (EJMA), the diameters range from 457 to 2,898 mm, the material of the bellows is Inconel 625 LCF and the shell materials are “killed” carbon steel, for refractory lined EJ or stainless steel 304H. A special test device was developed to apply the design movements on the EJ at the factory. A digital dynamometer was used for data acquisition and the tests were performed on 16 expansion joints of two distinct types: hinged and gimbal. The EJ were pressurized with water during the test. The reactions and corresponding displacements for each step of the test were recorded during loading and unloading.

Evaluation of the Reaction Moments of Metal Bellows Expansion Joints Subjected to Angular Movement

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos Veiga ◽  
Nelson Kavanagh
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Pressure ◽  
Lateral Force ◽  
Expansion Joint ◽  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Angular Movement ◽  
Force Reaction ◽  
Metal Bellows ◽  
Actual Field ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Pressure

The reaction moment calculations of Hinged and Gimbal expansion joints, designed according to the “Standards of Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association” (EJMA), consider the bellows spring rate and pin friction. The reaction moment due to the lateral pressure forces should also be considered. Metal bellows subjected to angular movement extends one side and contracts the opposite, generating a lateral force caused by the media pressure. This paper evaluates the lateral force reaction moment in a hinged expansion joint with the hardware designed for angular movements. For this purpose prototypes were built and the moments evaluated, simulating actual field conditions.

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