Grinding With Abrasive Disks: Part 4—Grinding Power and Temperatures

1962 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Mohun
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Ultimate Shear Strength ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Grinding Efficiency ◽  
Grinding Power ◽  
Performance And Mechanism

Variations in power during disk grinding have been explained and equations developed to represent the power in terms of the grinding variables. It has been shown that depth of cut is below the critical magnitude so that ultimate shear strength of the metal is involved for all but the initial 30 to 120 seconds of grinding. It has also been shown that the coefficient of friction is higher against stainless steel than against mild steel, and that the basic differences in performance and mechanism on these two metals originate in this property. Photomicrographs of microflats are shown. The mechanism of microdressing is explained in terms of thermal shock and mechanical impact in relation to the effect of applied load upon grinding efficiency.

Grinding With Abrasive Disks: Part 3—Attritious Camber, Glazing, and Rate of Cut

1962 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Mohun
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Grain Orientation ◽  
Orthogonal Cutting ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Total Metal ◽  
Worn Surface

It is shown that the worn surface of a grit has a camber which causes decreasing depth of cut, leading to glazing. Orthogonal cutting theory is modified accordingly and equations are developed for rate of cut and for total metal removed. It is shown that erect grain orientation favors high rate of cut on mild steel but is not a major factor in rate of cut on stainless steel. It is predicted that decreasing the number of active grits will improve disk performance up to the point where dressing becomes excessive.

Frictional Behavior of C60 Microparticle-Coated Steel

1995 ◽  
Vol 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Jinke Tang ◽  
Ashok Purl ◽  
Alexander U. Falster ◽  
William B. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Uncoated Sample ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Hcp Structure

ABSTRACTThe frictional behaviors of 304 stainless steel disks coated with C60 microparticles, both containing benzene and free of benzene, have been studied under different loads and sliding speeds with a pin-on-disk configuration in ambient air atmosphere at room temperature. The results indicated that the coating containing benzene, benzene-solvated C60 microparticles (C60·4C6H6), reduced friction as well as wear. The coated samples showed a 50–70% reduction in friction coefficient in comparison to uncoated samples. Neither the coated nor the uncoated sample showed significant change in friction coefficient for different sliding speeds. Under different loads, the uncoated sample had almost the same friction coefficient. However, with the increase of load, the friction coefficient of C60·4C6H6-coated disk showed a minimum value of 0.25 at 25 g load and then reached the uncoated values beyond 50 g load. The coefficient of friction of the disk coated with benzene-free C60 showed a slight increase with load, reaching the value of uncoated 304 stainless steel disk at about 40 g. The reduced friction of the solvated-C60 coated 304 stainless steel is probably due to the lowered shear strength of the hcp structure of C60·4C6H6 molecular crystal in which the benzene molecules are intercalated. The results of this study suggest the importance of the presence of second component, in addition to C60, in the coating materials in order for them to form a preferred crystal structure with low shear strength as far as using C60 as a solid lubricant is concerned.

Comparison of Process Parameters on Mild Steel and SS304 Through Statistical Analysis of Optimization Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 888-893
Author(s):  
Vinit Kumar ◽  
Mazhar Hussain ◽  
Rajnish Singh ◽  
Shashank Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Stainless Steel 304

The present study concentrated on the variation of process parameters on metal removal rate (MRR) used in turning of widely used material (stainless steel 304 and Mild steel). Turning is essential and robust process of material removal in the form of chips. The Turning process involved lots of process parameters as tool geometry, feed rate, rotational speed of job and rigidity of machine tools etc. In the present work study was done on the following cutting parameters as cutting speed (85,150 and 250 rpm), feed rate (0.13, 0.28 and 0.15, 0.09 mm/sec), depth of cut (0.4, 0.7 and 1 mm). The three label orthogonal array for process parameters were selected for metal removal rate analysis. The carbide tipped cutting tool was selected as cutting tool of positive rake angle. The analysis of process parameters was done through Minitab 17 software. The orthogonal array was selected 3*3; by the use of signal to noise (S/N) ratio is to minimise the variation due to uncontrolled parameters with the help of Taguchi method. Total nine experiments were performing on stainless steel and other set of nine experiments were perform on the mild steel. The experimental results reveals that moderate cutting speed 150 rpm, 0.09 mm/sec feed rate and 1 mm depth of cut yield good results for stainless steel 304 grade and mild steel.

Resistance Spot Welding between Mild Steel and Stainless Steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Nan Nan Wang ◽  
Ran Feng Qiu ◽  
Wei Jian Peng ◽  
Hong Xin Shi
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Resistance Spot Welding ◽  
Spot Welding ◽  
Welding Current ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Tensile Shear Strength ◽  
Tensile Shear ◽  
Resistance Spot

Mild steel Q235 and stainless steel SUS304 were welded using resistance spot welding with an interlayer of Ni. The mechanical properties of the joint were examined, the effects of welding parameters on the nugget size and tensile shear strength were investigated. Both the tensile shear strength and nugget diameter increased with the increasing of welding current and welding time, whereas they decreased with the increasing of electrode pressure. The results indicate that the tensile shear strength of joint welded by resistance spot welding with a Ni interplayer is higher in comparison with that obtained by conventional resistance spot weling.

TIG Welding of Nickel-Titanium to 304 Stainless Steel

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Fox ◽  
Ryan Hahnlen ◽  
Marcelo Dapino
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Tig Welding ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Ultimate Shear Strength

Shape memory nickel-titanium (NiTi) is attractive for use in solid-state actuators as it exhibits large recoverable stresses, limited by its ultimate shear strength of over 120 ksi (960 MPa), and large recoverable strains, up to 8%. Broad application of NiTi is hindered by the expense, complexity, and lack of reliability in machining and joining it to structural materials. This paper investigates the use of orbital Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding to join NiTi to 304 stainless steel (304 SS), a common structural material that can be readily machined and welded. Tubes of NiTi and 304 SS were joined using a nickel filler to mitigate the formation of brittle intermetallics. Both tubes had a 0.375 in (9.53 mm) outer diameter with wall thicknesses of 0.065 in and 0.075 in (1.7 mm and 1.9 mm) for the 304 SS and NiTi tubes, respectively. Viable joints were created and characterized through X-ray analysis, optical microscopy, hardness mapping, and strength testing. The joints had an average failure torque of 450 in-lb (52 N-m), corresponding to an ultimate shear strength of approximately 50 ksi (350 MPa). This was sufficient to detwin the NiTi in the tubes, which occurs at a shear stress of 16 ksi (110 MPa), and plastically deform the annealed 304 SS tubes. Optical microscopy and hardness mapping revealed a heat-affected zone 0.005 in (125 μm) wide with a maximum hardness of 817 HV. Outside of this heat-affected zone the hardness was not affected, indicating that no large-scale loss of superelastic or shape memory properties arises from TIG welding.

Experimental and Numerical Investigation into Residual Stress During Turning Operation for Stainless Steel AISI 316

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (12A) ◽  
pp. 1862-1870
Author(s):  
Safa M. Lafta ◽  
Maan A. Tawfiq
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Orthogonal Cutting ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Turning Operation ◽  
Aisi 316

RS (residual stresses) represent the main role in the performance of structures and machined parts. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of feed rate with constant cutting speed and depth of cut on residual stresses in orthogonal cutting, using Tungsten carbide cutting tools when machining AISI 316 in turning operation. AISI 316 stainless steel was selected in experiments since it is used in many important industries such as chemical, petrochemical industries, power generation, electrical engineering, food and beverage industry. Four feed rates were selected (0.228, 0.16, 0.08 and 0.065) mm/rev when cutting speed is constant 71 mm/min and depth of cutting 2 mm. The experimental results of residual stresses were (-15.75, 12.84, 64.9, 37.74) MPa and the numerical results of residual stresses were (-15, 12, 59, and 37) MPa. The best value of residual stresses is (-15.75 and -15) MPa when it is in a compressive way. The results showed that the percentage error between numerical by using (ABAQUS/ CAE ver. 2017) and experimental work measured by X-ray diffraction is range (2-15) %.

Studying The Effect of a New Mixed Cutting Fluid on Surface Roughness

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (11A) ◽  
pp. 1593-1601
Author(s):  
Mohammed H. Shaker ◽  
Salah K. Jawad ◽  
Maan A. Tawfiq
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Cutting Fluids ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Dry Cutting ◽  
Cutting Speeds

This research studied the influence of cutting fluids and cutting parameters on the surface roughness for stainless steel worked by turning machine in dry and wet cutting cases. The work was done with different cutting speeds, and feed rates with a fixed depth of cutting. During the machining process, heat was generated and effects of higher surface roughness of work material. In this study, the effects of some cutting fluids, and dry cutting on surface roughness have been examined in turning of AISI316 stainless steel material. Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate (SLES) instead of other soluble oils has been used and compared to dry machining processes. Experiments have been performed at four cutting speeds (60, 95, 155, 240) m/min, feed rates (0.065, 0.08, 0.096, 0.114) mm/rev. and constant depth of cut (0.5) mm. The amount of decrease in Ra after the used suggested mixture arrived at (0.21µm), while Ra exceeded (1µm) in case of soluble oils This means the suggested mixture gave the best results of lubricating properties than other cases.

CLC 18.10LN

Alloy Digest ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Good Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract CLC 18.10LN is an austenitic stainless steel with 18% Cr, 9.5% Ni, and 0.14% N to provide good corrosion resistance at strengths above the other low-carbon stainless steels. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear strength as well as creep. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-950. Producer or source: Industeel USA, LLC.

SOLEIL C5

Alloy Digest ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Good Corrosion Resistance

Abstract SOLEIL C5 is a 13% chromium 4% nickel martensitic stainless steel with improved toughness and good corrosion resistance to fresh water. Shafts and compressor impellers for hydraulic applications is the area of primary usage. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear strength as well as fracture toughness and fatigue. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: SS-595. Producer or source: Creusot-Marrel.

ENDURO FC

Alloy Digest ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Aisi Type ◽  
Type Stainless Steel

Abstract ENDURO FC is a free-machining chromium type stainless steel equivalent to AISI Type 416. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear strength as well as fracture toughness, creep, and fatigue. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: SS-46. Producer or source: Republic Steel Corporation.

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