Analysis of Expansion Joints Movement Test in FCC Unit

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordana L. B. C. Veiga ◽  
Jorivaldo Medeiros ◽  
José Carlos Veiga
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Inconel 625 ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Special Test ◽  
Test Device ◽  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Manufacturer Association ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
Movement Test

The turboexpander is an equipment that works under very critical conditions requiring very low allowable nozzle forces and moments. A solution to minimize the piping loads transmitted to the equipment is the use of expansion joints (EJ). A usual piping stress analysis normally is not enough to guarantee the turboexpander reliability. This paper shows the results obtained in a movement test realized on metallic bellows EJ used in a turboexpander piping system. The EJ were designed according to the expansion joints manufacturer association code (EJMA), the diameters range from 0.457 to 2,898 m, the material of the bellows is Inconel 625 LCF and the shell materials are “killed” carbon steel, for refractory lined EJ or stainless steel 304H. A special test device was developed to apply the design movements on the EJ at the factory. A digital dynamometer was used for data acquisition and the tests were performed on 16 EJ of two distinct types: hinged and gimbal. The EJ were pressurized with water during the test. The reactions and corresponding displacements for each step of the test were recorded during loading and unloading.

Analysis of FCC Expansion Joints Movement Test

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorivaldo Medeiros ◽  
Jordana Luiza B. da C. Veiga ◽  
Jose´ Carlos C. Veiga
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Inconel 625 ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Special Test ◽  
Test Device ◽  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Manufacturer Association ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
Movement Test

The Turboexpander is an equipment that works under very critical conditions requiring very low allowable nozzle forces and moments. A solution to minimize the piping loads transmitted to the equipment is the use of expansion joints. A usual piping stress analysis normally is not enough to guarantee the turboexpander reliability. This paper shows the results obtained in a movement test realized on metallic bellows expansion joints (EJ) used in a turboexpander piping system. The EJ were designed according to the expansion joints manufacturer association code (EJMA), the diameters range from 457 to 2,898 mm, the material of the bellows is Inconel 625 LCF and the shell materials are “killed” carbon steel, for refractory lined EJ or stainless steel 304H. A special test device was developed to apply the design movements on the EJ at the factory. A digital dynamometer was used for data acquisition and the tests were performed on 16 expansion joints of two distinct types: hinged and gimbal. The EJ were pressurized with water during the test. The reactions and corresponding displacements for each step of the test were recorded during loading and unloading.

Repair of Bellows Expansion Joints

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Merrick ◽  
W. O’Toole ◽  
M. Malkmus
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
System Component ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Expansion Joint ◽  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Testing Program ◽  
Smooth Contour ◽  
Intended Function ◽  
Metal Bellows

A metal bellows expansion joint is a highly engineered, precisely manufactured piping system component. It cannot withstand mechanical abuse and perform its intended function without repair or replacement. A 304 stainless steel two-ply metal bellows expansion joint was intentionally damaged by drilling or grinding holes and grooves through the outer ply and subsequently weld-repaired by welding patches over the defects or by filling the grooves. In addition, gouges that did not penetrate the outer ply were blended to a smooth contour. This assembly was fatigue tested to demonstrate that when inadvertent damage does occur the bellows may be repaired. There are three methods of repair which may, under closely controlled circumstances, be a justifiable alternate to replacement of the bellows. Details of this testing program are described in this paper.

scholarly journals Corrosion behaviors of 316 stainless steel and Inconel 625 alloy in chloride molten salts for solar energy storage

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 340-350
Author(s):  
Mingjing Wang ◽  
Song Zeng ◽  
Huihui Zhang ◽  
Ming Zhu ◽  
Chengxin Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Charge Transfer Resistance ◽  
Inconel 625 ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
316 Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Inconel 625 Alloy ◽  
Corrosion Behaviors

AbstractCorrosion behaviors of 316 stainless steel (316 ss) and Inconel 625 alloy in molten NaCl–KCl–ZnCl2 at 700°C and 900°C were investigated by immersion tests and electrochemical methods, including potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy were used to analyze the phases and microstructures of the corrosion products. Inconel 625 alloy and 316 ss exhibited high corrosion rates in molten chlorides, and the corrosion rates of these two alloys accelerated when the temperature increased from 700°C to 900°C. The results of the electrochemical tests showed that both alloys exhibited active corrosion in chloride molten salt, and the current density of 316 ss in chloride molten salt at 700°C was 2.756 mA/cm−2, which is about three times the value for Inconel 625 alloy; and the values of the charge transfer resistance (Rt) for Inconel 625 were larger than those for 316 ss. The corrosion of these two alloys is owing to the preferred oxidation of Cr in chloride molten salt, and the corrosion layer was mainly ZnCr2O4 which was loose and porous and showed poor adherence to metal.

scholarly journals Study on the Hot Deformation Characterization of Borated Stainless Steel by Hot Isostatic Pressing

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7110
Author(s):  
Yanbin Pei ◽  
Xuanhui Qu ◽  
Qilu Ge ◽  
Tiejun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Hot Deformation ◽  
True Strain ◽  
Hot Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
True Strain Rate ◽  
Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Borated Stainless Steel

Borated stainless steel (BSS) specimens have a boron content of 1.86 wt%, and are prepared by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) conducted at different temperatures, ranging from 1000 to 1100 °C and a constant true strain rate (0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 s−1). These tests, with observations and microstructural analysis, have achieved the hot deformation characteristics and mechanisms of BSS. In this research, the activation energy (Q) and Zener–Hollomon parameter (Z) were contrasted against the flow curves: Q = 442.35 kJ/mol. The critical conditions associated with the initiation of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) for BSS were precisely calculated based on the function between the strain hardening rate with the flow stress: at different temperatures from 1000 to 1100 °C: the critical stresses were 146.69–254.77 MPa and the critical strains were 0.022–0.044. The facts show that the boron-containing phase of BSS prevented the onset of DRX, despite the saturated boron in the austenite initiated DRX. The microstructural analysis showed that hot deformation promoted the generation of borides, which differed from the initial microstructure of HIP. The inhomogeneous distribution of elements in the boron-containing phase was caused by hot compression.

Research on Ultrasonic Inspection of Cast Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunobu Sakamoto ◽  
Takashi Furukawa ◽  
Ichiro Komura ◽  
Yoshinori Kamiyama ◽  
Tsuyoshi Mihara
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Ultrasonic Wave ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Ultrasonic Inspection ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
Ultrasonic Wave Propagation ◽  
Steel Piping

Japan Nuclear Energy Safety Organization (JNES) has been carrying out the research program entitled “Nondestructive Inspection Technologies for the Cast Stainless Steel Piping” since 2009FY to comprehend the unique ultrasonic wave propagation in the Cast Austenitic Stainless Steel (CASS) and to confirm detection and sizing capability for cracks in the material by currently available ultrasonic testing techniques. The research is also intended to provide inspection staff with the fundamental information of ultrasonic wave propagation in CASS, for educational purpose. In this research program, specimens whose material, size, dimension and welding method are identical to the main coolant piping system in Japanese pressurized water reactors (PWRs) are examined. Results from the study on the capability for inspection of CASS and the unique wave propagation phenomena such as beam skewing are discussed in this paper.

Lessons Learned on the Testing of Additively Manufactured Inconel 625 and 316L Stainless Steel Bimetallic Components

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uchechukwu Agwu ◽  
Robert Petruska ◽  
Kenji Shimada ◽  
Jacob Rome ◽  
Glenn Bean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Inconel 625

Optimization of ultimate tensile strength of welded Inconel 625 and duplex 2205

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 7715-7728
Author(s):  
S. Madhankumar ◽  
K. Manonmani ◽  
V. Karthickeyan ◽  
N. Balaji
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Laser Beam Welding ◽  
Inconel 625 ◽  
Bead Geometry ◽  
Tensile Testing Machine ◽  
Inconel 625 Alloy

The ultimate strength is an important property of any material for the manufacturing of components. This paper utilized the laser beam welding (LBW), due to its smaller dimension, which produces lesser distortion and process velocity is higher. Inconel 625 alloy and duplex 2205 stainless steel is having higher strength and corrosive resistance properties. Due to the above-mentioned properties, it could be used in oil and gas storage containers, marine and geothermal applications. This research work presents an investigation of various input variable effects on the output variable (ultimate tensile strength) in LBW for dissimilar materials namely, Inconel 625 alloy and duplex 2205 stainless steel. The input variables for this research are the power of a laser, welding speed, and focal position. The experimental runs are developed with the help of design of experiment (DOE) and utilized statistical design expert software. The ultimate tensile strength on different runs is measured using a universal tensile testing machine. Then from a response surface methodology and ANOVA, the optimum value of ultimate tensile strength was determined to maximize the weld joint and bead geometry. Finally, the confirmation test was carried out, it reveals the maximum error of 0.912% with the predicted value. In addition, the microstructure of the weld beads was examined using optical microscopy.

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