Coal-Fueled Diesels: Systems Development

1989 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. McMillian ◽  
H. A. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
Economic Barriers ◽  
Emission Control System ◽  
Engine Components ◽  
Distillate Fuel

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Fossil Energy has sponsored research in the area of coal-fueled diesel engines since the late 1970s. The program began as an exploratory effort and has grown into a proof-of-concept program that includes several major medium-speed diesel engine manufacturers. Those manufacturers have identified the utility, industrial cogeneration, and transportation markets as areas in which expensive clean distillate fuel may be displaced by low-cost, domestically abundant coal. The development of a coal-fueled diesel engine system will require the parallel development of coal fuels, engine components, wear and emission control system, and a support infrastructure. Because of notable success in earlier projects of the coal-fueled diesel program, the DOE’s Morgantown Energy Technology Center (METC) recently expanded the program with the award of contracts for two 5-year, proof-of-concept project. These major projects will build on the results of past work to complete development of technology for the commercialization of coal-fueled diesel engines. This paper summarizes progress in the DOE program and planned research to overcome technical and economic barriers to that commercialization.

The General Electric Coal-Fueled Diesel Engine Program (1982–1993): A Technical Review

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Caton ◽  
B. D. Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
General Electric ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Coal Fuel

In the early 1980s, General Electric—Transportation Systems (GE-TS), a manufacturer of locomotive diesel engines, announced plans to develop a coal-fueled locomotive due to the availability and low cost of coal. In 1985 and 1988, the General Electric Company (GE) was awarded major contracts from the Department of Energy, Morgantown Energy Technology Center, to continue the research and development of a coal-fueled diesel engine. This paper is a review of the technical accomplishments and discoveries of the GE coal-fueled diesel engine research and development program during the years 1982–1993. The results of an economic assessment completed by GE-TS indicated the merits for the development of a coal fueled diesel engine for locomotive applications and therefore, GE-TS embarked on an ambitious program to develop and commercialize a coal-fueled diesel engine. Among the major accomplishments of this program were the development of specialized fuel injection equipment for coal–water slurries, diamond compact inserts for the nozzle tips for wear resistance, and an integrated emissions control system. Over 500 hours of engine operation was accumulated using coal fuel during the duration of this program. A major milestone was attained when, during November and December 1991, a coal-fueled diesel engine powered a locomotive on the General Electric test track.

Investigation of Fuel Spray Propagation, Combustion and Soot Formation/Oxidation in a Single Cylinder Medium Speed Diesel Engine

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fridolin Unfug ◽  
Uwe Wagner ◽  
Kai W. Beck ◽  
Juergen Pfeil ◽  
Ulf Waldenmaier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Fuel Spray ◽  
Soot Concentration ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
532 Nm

To fulfil strict emission regulations and the need for higher efficiency of future Diesel engines require an optimized combustion process. Optical investigations represent a powerful tool for getting a better understanding of the ongoing processes. For medium speed Diesel engines, optical investigations are relatively rare or not available. The “Institut für Kolbenmaschinen” (IFKM) and MAN Diesel & Turbo SE performed extensive optical in-situ investigations of the injection and combustion process of a MAN 32/44 CR single cylinder medium speed Diesel engine that provide previously unavailable insights into the ongoing processes. The optical investigations aimed on fuel spray visualization, high-speed soot luminescence measurement and two colour pyrometry applied for five combustion chamber regions. To apply the optical measurement techniques, two optical accesses were designed. Access no. 1 is placed near the cylinder liner. Access no. 2 is located close to the injector in a 46° angle to the cylinder vertical axis. An insert was used which consists of an illumination port and a visualization endoscope. Additionally some special nozzle designs were used beside the standard nozzle, which have one separated nozzle hole. This enables a simultaneous view from both optical accesses on the same flame cone. For Mie-Scattering investigation a pulsed Nd:YAG-Laser with 532 nm wavelength was used for illumination and a CCD-camera with an upstream 532 nm optical filter was used for visualization. This combination allows observing the liquid fuel distribution even after start of combustion. Penetration depth of liquid fuel spray was analysed for different swirl numbers, intake manifold pressures, injection timings and injection pressures. High-speed flame visualization was done by two CMOS cameras which were mounted at two different optical accesses with view on the same flame cone. Due to this application a simultaneous measurement of the flame distribution of two different views was possible. This enables a 3-dimensional investigation of the flame propagation process. In addition, the advanced two colour pyrometry was applied for five different regions of the same flame cone. Due to a calibration after each measurement the absolute radiant flux can be calculated and thus the absolute temperature and soot concentration. With this procedure it was possible to give a real temperature and soot concentration distribution of the flame cone. To provide more detailed information about the combustion process, selected engine operation points were simulated with a modified version of the CFD code KIVA3v-Release2 at the IFKM. The simulated results were compared to the measured data.

scholarly journals Tribology in Marine Diesel Engines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Ho Hong
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Tribological Performance ◽  
Engine Room ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
Marine Engines ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
Power Outputs ◽  
Engine Components

This chapter deals with the tribology of marine diesel engines. Several types of diesel engines have been installed and used in the engine room of marine ships. Some of them, used for propulsion, operate at low-speed in a two-stroke combustion process in conjunction with propellers. Four-stroke engines are used for power generation and operates at medium-speed. In general, two or more four-stroke engines, including spares, are installed in the large ships. Tribological problems are important issue in the respect of reliability in the marine diesel engines, and there are many tribological engine components including bearings, pistons, fuel injection pumps and rollers. Moreover, the marine engines have lubricant problems such as lacquering. Improvements to the tribological performance of marine engine components, and lubricants can provide reduced oil and fuel consumption, improved durability, increased engines power outputs and maintenance. Therefore, this chapter shows better designs and methods in order to improve the tribological problem in the marine diesel engines.

Improving the Dynamic Properties of a Medium-Speed Diesel Engine Using Variable Turbocharging

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-74
Author(s):  
A.G. Kuznetsov ◽  
S.V. Kharitonov ◽  
V.A. Ryzhov
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Adaptive Control System ◽  
Working Process ◽  
Variable Position ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
Complex Adaptive

The article presents the results of a computational study of the possibilities of improving the dynamic properties of diesel engines by using a controlled turbocharger. A promising medium-speed diesel engine 12 ChN 26.5 / 31, operating in ship conditions was researched. A mathematical model has been developed for a combined engine as a part of a complex adaptive control system with channels for regulating the speed of rotation and turbocharging. The computer model was implemented in the MATLAB / Simulink software package. Calculated transient processes of the working process parameters of a diesel engine were considered for two methods of turbocharging control: multistage turbocharging and variable geometry turbines – turbines with a variable position of the guide vanes. The effect of pneumatic correction of the fuel supply on the dynamic characteristics of the engine under consideration was studied. The obtained results were analyzed. A comparison of various options for regulating the air supply system in terms of the efficiency of improving the dynamic properties of diesel engines was performed.

Methods for Determining the Thermal State of Medium-Speed Diesel Engines Taking into Account Boiling of the Coolant

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
L.L. Myagkov ◽  
V.M. Sivachev
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Thermal State ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Fatigue Cracks ◽  
Cylinder Liner ◽  
Thermal Factor ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
Thermal Fatigue Cracks

Forcing medium-speed diesel engines by increasing the mean effective pressure leads to an increase in the thermal factor of the engine parts. High temperatures of the cylinder head fire deck and the cylinder liner working surface cause thermal fatigue cracks in these parts as well as piston scuffing. Therefore, the development of new methods of intensifying heat transfer in the cooling gallery and refined methods for determining the engine parts thermal state is currently relevant. In both areas of research, a significant role is played by the process of coolant boiling, which significantly intensifies heat transfer in the cooling system. A review of the literature showed that the existing methods of mathematical modeling of conjugate heat transfer in the cooling cavities taking into account the boiling process have a number of significant drawbacks. This paper presents the developed mathematical model and methods for determining the thermal state of medium-speed diesel engine parts taking into account boiling of the coolant, thus making it possible to combine the advantages of both the engineering approach and numerical simulation based on computational fluid dynamics. The thermal state of a new generation medium-speed diesel engine D500 was calculated and the thermal factor of the main engine parts was estimated.

Coal–Water Slurry Operation in an EMD Diesel Engine

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Urban ◽  
H. E. Mecredy ◽  
T. W. Ryan ◽  
M. N. Ingalls ◽  
B. T. Jett
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Coal Slurry ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Coal Burning

The U.S. Department of Energy, Morgantown Energy Technology Center has assumed a leadership role in the development of coal-burning diesel engines. The motivation for this work is obvious when one considers the magnitude of the domestic reserves of coal and the widespread use of diesel engines. The work reported in this paper represents the preliminary engine experiments leading to the development of a coal-burning, medium-speed diesel engine. The basis of this development effort is a two-stroke, 900 rpm, 216-mm (8.5-in.) bore engine manufactured by Electro-Motive Division of General Motors Corporation. The engine, in a minimally modified form, has been operated for several hours on a slurry of 50 percent (by mass) coal in water. Engine operation was achieved in this configuration using a pilot injection of diesel fuel to ignite the main charge of slurry. A standard unit injector, slightly modified by increasing diametric clearances in the injector pump and nozzle tip, was used to inject the slurry. Under the engine operating conditions evaluated, the combustion efficiency of the coal and the NOx emissions were lower than, and the particulate emissions were higher than, corresponding diesel fuel results. These initial results, achieved without optimizing the system on the coal slurry, demonstrate the potential for utilizing coal slurry fuels.

Study of Fuel Temperature Effects on Fuel Injection, Combustion, and Emissions of Direct-Injection Diesel Engines

2008 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Fuel Temperature ◽  
Injection Parameters ◽  
Medium Speed

The influence of inlet liquid fuel temperature on direct-injection diesel engines can be noticeable and significant. The work in this paper investigates the effects of inlet fuel temperature on fuel-injection in-cylinder combustion, and output performance and emissions of medium-speed diesel engines. An enhanced understanding and simplified modeling of the variations in the main fuel-injection parameters affected by inlet fuel temperature are developed. The study indicates that the main injection parameters affected include the injection timing at the injector end relative to the injection-pump actuation timing, the fuel-injection rate, the fuel-injection duration, and the injection spray atomization. The primary fuel temperature effects on the injection parameters are from the fuel bulk modulus of elasticity and the density with the fuel viscosity less significant as the injector-nozzle flow is usually in a turbulent region. The developed models are able to predict the changes in the injection parameters versus the inlet fuel temperature. As the inlet fuel temperature increases, the nozzle fuel-injection-start timing is predicted to be relatively retarded, the injection rate is reduced, and the needle-lift duration is prolonged from the baseline. The variation trends of the engine outputs and emissions versus fuel temperature are analyzed by considering its consequent effect on in-cylinder combustion processes. It is predicted that raising fuel temperature would result in an increase in each of CO, HC, PM, and smoke emissions, and in a decrease in NOx, and may adversely affect the fuel efficiency for a general type of diesel engine at a full-load condition. The experimental results of the outputs and emissions from testing a medium-speed four-stroke diesel engine agreed with the trends analytically predicted. The understanding and models can be applied to compression-ignition direct-injection liquid fuel engines in general.

scholarly journals Non-catalytic NOx reduction for marine Diesel engine: an experimental approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 312 ◽  
pp. 07015
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Raspolli Galletti ◽  
Stefano Frigo ◽  
Marco Antonelli ◽  
Gianluca Pasini ◽  
Paolo Bertetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Nox Abatement ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
First Results ◽  
The University

Recent legislation concerning air pollutant emissions from ships (Tier III) has considerably decreased NOx emission limits for recreational ships with less than 500 gross tonnages and greater than 24 m load line length (LLL), the so-called “large yachts”. For these yachts, which adopt multiple Diesel engines with maximum power ranging from 800 to 2000 kW, the new NOx limit is less than 2 g/kWh. To satisfy that limit, engine makers suggest the adoption of a classic SCR system with urea injection but this methodology, in addition to requiring a large space for installation, does not seem so appropriate for diesel engines of large yachts that normally operate at low power with exhaust temperatures often well below 300 °C, therefore not sufficient to allow the correct functioning of the SCR. The aforementioned circumstances have prompted Sanlorenzo Spa (La Spezia – Italy), one of the world’s leading companies in the production of pleasure boats, to collaborate with the University of Pisa in the study of alternative solutions to SCR systems. Recently there is a great interest in innovative NOx abatement systems, based on the possibility of absorbing NOx molecules into seawater through the utilization of appropriate aqueous solutions containing targeted saline oxidizing agents. The present study describes the first results of a research program aimed to identify, from one side, the best saline oxidizing agent for an aqueous NOx abatement and, from the other, the best washing methodology compatible with the propulsion layouts usually adopted on yachts. In the engine testing laboratories of the Department of Energy, Systems, Territory and Construction Engineering (DESTeC) of the University of Pisa, an experimental apparatus has been created to reproduce the real conditions of underwater engine exhausting. This device was combined with a small 1.2 L direct injection diesel engine. The first results showed a reduction of the NOx emissions of about 27% by using a gas washing with wet scrubber, followed by bubbling in water, using 0.2 molar NaClO saline solutions.

Analytical and Experimental Investigation of Medium-Speed Diesel Engine Using a Kerosene Fuel

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gong Chen ◽  
James N. Gamble ◽  
Dennis W. McAndrew ◽  
John McGowan ◽  
John R. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
Engine Testing

This paper summarizes the analytical and experimental investigation of fuel-injection-controllable medium speed diesel engines using kerosene fuels. The investigation focuses on analyzing and testing the effects of using JP-8 kerosene fuel for an engine of this type, on engine fuel injection, in-cylinder combustion, and output performances and exhaust emissions. Main properties of JP-8 fuel compared to those of conventional 2-D diesel in affecting the engine processes are identified and analyzed in connection with the engine processes. The consequent effects are analytically predicted prior to actual engine testing. Results from testing a medium-speed diesel engine using 2-D diesel and JP-8 fuel separately are presented and agree closely in the trends of variation with the analysis and prediction.

Paper 7: The Prediction of Diesel Engine Performance and Combustion Chamber Component Temperatures Using Digital Computers

1967 ◽  
Vol 182 (12) ◽  
pp. 58-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Janota ◽  
A. J. Hallam ◽  
E. K. Brock ◽  
S. G. Dexter
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
Turbo Charger ◽  
Engine Components ◽  
Surrounding Fluid

The development of digital programs for predicting the performance of multi-cylinder, turbo-charged diesel engines, and the temperature distribution in engine components is described. The performance program incorporates the relatively simple ‘filling and emptying’ method, with the turbo-charger compressor and turbine as boundary conditions, to calculate transient gas conditions. In the second part of the paper a description is given of the metal temperature program assumptions and use, including the deduction of the surrounding fluid conditions. The accuracy and limitations of the performance program is demonstrated by comparing predictions and measurements on an experimental 2-stroke single cylinder diesel engine operating under simulated turbo-charged conditions. The practical applications of the programs to medium speed 2- and 4-stroke engines are illustrated, and the economics of their use as a design aid are discussed.

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