Study of Fuel Temperature Effects on Fuel Injection, Combustion, and Emissions of Direct-Injection Diesel Engines

2008 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Fuel Temperature ◽  
Injection Parameters ◽  
Medium Speed

The influence of inlet liquid fuel temperature on direct-injection diesel engines can be noticeable and significant. The work in this paper investigates the effects of inlet fuel temperature on fuel-injection in-cylinder combustion, and output performance and emissions of medium-speed diesel engines. An enhanced understanding and simplified modeling of the variations in the main fuel-injection parameters affected by inlet fuel temperature are developed. The study indicates that the main injection parameters affected include the injection timing at the injector end relative to the injection-pump actuation timing, the fuel-injection rate, the fuel-injection duration, and the injection spray atomization. The primary fuel temperature effects on the injection parameters are from the fuel bulk modulus of elasticity and the density with the fuel viscosity less significant as the injector-nozzle flow is usually in a turbulent region. The developed models are able to predict the changes in the injection parameters versus the inlet fuel temperature. As the inlet fuel temperature increases, the nozzle fuel-injection-start timing is predicted to be relatively retarded, the injection rate is reduced, and the needle-lift duration is prolonged from the baseline. The variation trends of the engine outputs and emissions versus fuel temperature are analyzed by considering its consequent effect on in-cylinder combustion processes. It is predicted that raising fuel temperature would result in an increase in each of CO, HC, PM, and smoke emissions, and in a decrease in NOx, and may adversely affect the fuel efficiency for a general type of diesel engine at a full-load condition. The experimental results of the outputs and emissions from testing a medium-speed four-stroke diesel engine agreed with the trends analytically predicted. The understanding and models can be applied to compression-ignition direct-injection liquid fuel engines in general.

Study of Fuel Temperature Effects on Fuel Injection, Combustion and Emissions of Direct-Injection Diesel Engines

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Fuel Temperature ◽  
Injection Parameters ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
Performance And Emissions

The influence of inlet liquid fuel temperature on direct-injection diesel engines can be noticeable and significant. The work in this paper investigates the effects of inlet fuel temperature on fuel injection, in-cylinder combustion, and performance and emissions of medium-speed diesel engines. An enhanced understanding and simplified modeling of the variations in main fuel injection parameters affected by inlet fuel temperature are developed. The study indicates that the main affected injection parameters include the injector injection timings, the fuel injection rate, the fuel injection duration, and the injection spray atomization. The primary fuel temperature effects on the injection parameters are from the fuel bulk modulus of elasticity and the density with the fuel viscosity less significant as the injector nozzle flow is in a turbulent region. The developed models can predict the changes in the injection parameters versus fuel temperature. As inlet fuel temperature increases, the nozzle fuel-injection-start timing is predicted to be retarded, the injection rate to be reduced, and the needle-lift duration to be prolonged from the baseline. The variation trends of the engine performance and emissions versus fuel temperature are analyzed by considering its consequent effect on in-cylinder combustion processes. It is predicted that raising fuel temperature would result in an increase in CO, HC, PM and smoke emissions, and in a decrease in NOx. The experimental results of the output performance and emissions from testing a medium-speed four-stroke diesel engine agreed with the trends analytically predicted. The understanding and models developed can apply to compression-ignition direct-injection liquid fuel engines in general.

A High-Speed Direct Injection Diesel Engine for Passenger Cars

1988 ◽  
Vol 202 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Stephenson ◽  
B A Hood
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
Medium Speed Engine ◽  
Hsdi Diesel Engine ◽  
Wide Speed Range

The paper describes the development of a high-speed direct injection (HSDI) diesel engine suitable for passenger car applications. The evolution from a low emissions medium-speed engine, through a four-cylinder 2.3 litre research engine, into a four-cylinder 2.0 litre production engine is presented. The challenge to the engineer has been to develop the HSDI engine to operate with acceptable noise, emissions, smoke and driveability over the wide speed range (up to 5000 r/min) required for passenger cars. The key element in this task was the optimization of the combustion system and fuel injection equipment. The HSDI is shown to have a significant fuel economy advantage over the prechamber indirect injection (IDI) engine. Future developments of the fuel injection system are described which will further enhance the HSDI engine and provide additional noise and emissions control.

Investigation of Fuel Spray Propagation, Combustion and Soot Formation/Oxidation in a Single Cylinder Medium Speed Diesel Engine

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fridolin Unfug ◽  
Uwe Wagner ◽  
Kai W. Beck ◽  
Juergen Pfeil ◽  
Ulf Waldenmaier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Fuel Spray ◽  
Soot Concentration ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
532 Nm

To fulfil strict emission regulations and the need for higher efficiency of future Diesel engines require an optimized combustion process. Optical investigations represent a powerful tool for getting a better understanding of the ongoing processes. For medium speed Diesel engines, optical investigations are relatively rare or not available. The “Institut für Kolbenmaschinen” (IFKM) and MAN Diesel & Turbo SE performed extensive optical in-situ investigations of the injection and combustion process of a MAN 32/44 CR single cylinder medium speed Diesel engine that provide previously unavailable insights into the ongoing processes. The optical investigations aimed on fuel spray visualization, high-speed soot luminescence measurement and two colour pyrometry applied for five combustion chamber regions. To apply the optical measurement techniques, two optical accesses were designed. Access no. 1 is placed near the cylinder liner. Access no. 2 is located close to the injector in a 46° angle to the cylinder vertical axis. An insert was used which consists of an illumination port and a visualization endoscope. Additionally some special nozzle designs were used beside the standard nozzle, which have one separated nozzle hole. This enables a simultaneous view from both optical accesses on the same flame cone. For Mie-Scattering investigation a pulsed Nd:YAG-Laser with 532 nm wavelength was used for illumination and a CCD-camera with an upstream 532 nm optical filter was used for visualization. This combination allows observing the liquid fuel distribution even after start of combustion. Penetration depth of liquid fuel spray was analysed for different swirl numbers, intake manifold pressures, injection timings and injection pressures. High-speed flame visualization was done by two CMOS cameras which were mounted at two different optical accesses with view on the same flame cone. Due to this application a simultaneous measurement of the flame distribution of two different views was possible. This enables a 3-dimensional investigation of the flame propagation process. In addition, the advanced two colour pyrometry was applied for five different regions of the same flame cone. Due to a calibration after each measurement the absolute radiant flux can be calculated and thus the absolute temperature and soot concentration. With this procedure it was possible to give a real temperature and soot concentration distribution of the flame cone. To provide more detailed information about the combustion process, selected engine operation points were simulated with a modified version of the CFD code KIVA3v-Release2 at the IFKM. The simulated results were compared to the measured data.

Predicting Hydrocarbon Emissions From Direct Injection Diesel Engines

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 708-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Lakshminarayanan ◽  
N. Nayak ◽  
S. V. Dingare ◽  
A. D. Dani
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Hydrocarbon Emissions ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Fuel Injection System ◽  
Lean Combustion ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
Hc Emissions

Hydrocarbon (HC) emissions from direct injection (DI) diesel engines are mainly due to fuel injected and mixed beyond the lean combustion limit during ignition delay and fuel effusing from the nozzle sac at low pressure. In the present paper, the concept has been developed to provide an elegant model to predict the HC emissions considering slow burning. Eight medium speed engines differing widely in bores, strokes, rated speeds, and power were studied for applying the model. The engines were naturally aspirated, turbocharged, or turbocharged with intercooling. The model has been validated by collecting data on HC emission, and pressures in the cylinder and in the fuel injection system from the experimental engines. New coefficients for the correlation of HC with operating parameters were obtained and these are different from the values published earlier, based on single-engine experiments.

scholarly journals Optimization of Marine Medium Speed Diesel Engine Performance based on Multi-Injector System

2021 ◽  
Vol 236 ◽  
pp. 01026
Author(s):  
Dai Liu ◽  
Yingzhu Guo ◽  
Long Liu ◽  
Qian Xia ◽  
Yong Gui
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Spray Angle ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
Injector System ◽  
Marine Medium

Multi-injector system is potential to improve thermal efficiency and NOx emission of diesel engine at the same time. In order to optimize the combustion and emission of Marine medium speed diesel engine, the engine combustion with a multi-injector system is simulated and analyzed by CFD software Converge. In this research, two injectors are installed at the side of the cylinder head while the central injector is maintained. Various injection directions of side injectors and injection strategies of multi-injector system are simulated to optimize the fuel spray and combustion. The analysis results show that the spray angle of the side injector plays a key role for effective thermal efficiency improvement, since complex spray jet-jet interaction and spray impingement may deteriorate the combustion if the arrangement of spray angle was not set properly. Once the fuel injection direction has been optimized, the fuel ratio of the three injectors is optimized and improved the effective thermal efficiency with lower NOx emission. The results show that the two side injectors could increase the fuel injection rate into the cylinder, leading to high brake power and consequently increased the thermal efficiency by 1.26% and decreased the NOx emission by 16% for the best optimization.

Analytical and Experimental Investigation of Medium-Speed Diesel Engine Using a Kerosene Fuel

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gong Chen ◽  
James N. Gamble ◽  
Dennis W. McAndrew ◽  
John McGowan ◽  
John R. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
Engine Testing

This paper summarizes the analytical and experimental investigation of fuel-injection-controllable medium speed diesel engines using kerosene fuels. The investigation focuses on analyzing and testing the effects of using JP-8 kerosene fuel for an engine of this type, on engine fuel injection, in-cylinder combustion, and output performances and exhaust emissions. Main properties of JP-8 fuel compared to those of conventional 2-D diesel in affecting the engine processes are identified and analyzed in connection with the engine processes. The consequent effects are analytically predicted prior to actual engine testing. Results from testing a medium-speed diesel engine using 2-D diesel and JP-8 fuel separately are presented and agree closely in the trends of variation with the analysis and prediction.

A Phenomenological Model for Combustion and Emissions in Small Bore, High Speed, Direct Injection Diesel Engines

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Henein ◽  
I. P. Singh ◽  
L. Zhong ◽  
Y. Poonawala ◽  
J. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Phenomenological Model ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Wide Range

This paper introduces a phenomenological model for the fuel distribution, combustion, and emissions formation in the small bore, high speed direct injection diesel engine. A differentiation is made between the conditions in large bore and small bore diesel engines, particularly regarding the fuel impingement on the walls and the swirl and squish gas flow components. The model considers the fuel injected prior to the development of the flame, fuel injected in the flame, fuel deposited on the walls and the last part of the fuel delivered at the end of the injection process. The model is based on experimental results obtained in a single-cylinder, 4-valve, direct-injection, four-stroke-cycle, water-cooled, diesel engine equipped with a common rail fuel injection system. The engine is supercharged with heated shop air, and the exhaust back pressure is adjusted to simulate actual turbo-charged diesel engine conditions. The experiments covered a wide range of injection pressures, EGR rates, injection timings and swirl ratios. Correlations and 2-D maps are developed to show the effect of combinations of the above parameters on engine out emissions. Emphasis is made on the nitric oxide and soot measured in Bosch Smoke Units (BSU).

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