A Characteristic Parameter to Estimate the Optimum Counterweight Mass of Symmetric In-Line Engines

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Stanley ◽  
D. Taraza
Keyword(s):  
Engine Speed ◽  
Characteristic Parameter ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Inertia Force ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Pressure Force ◽  
Main Bearing ◽  
Transition Speed ◽  
Bearing Load ◽  
Bearing Loads

Dimensionless relationships that estimate the maximum bearing load of two symmetric in-line engines have been developed. These relationships were empirically determined by averaging the maximum bearing loads of several engine configurations with various geometric and operating parameters. It has been found that the maximum bearing load initially decreases with engine speed, reaches a minimum, and then increases quickly with engine speed. This minimum reflects a transition speed at which the contribution of the inertia force overcomes the contribution of the maximum pressure force to the maximum bearing load. The transition speed increases with an increase of counterweight mass and is a function of the geometric parameters and operating conditions of the engine. Rapid estimation of the main bearing loads is made possible by the use of the dimensionless relationships developed in the paper.

Bearing Characteristic Parameters to Estimate the Optimum Counterweight Mass of a 6-Cylinder In-Line Engine

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Stanley ◽  
Dinu Taraza
Keyword(s):  
Critical Speed ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Inertia Force ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
Pressure Force ◽  
Bearing Load ◽  
Bearing Characteristic

Abstract Two dimensionless relationships that estimate the maximum and average bearing load of a 6-cylinder 4-stroke in-line engine have been found. These relationships may assist the design engineer in choosing a desired counterweight mass. It has been demonstrated that: 1) the average bearing load increases with engine speed and 2) the maximum bearing load initially decreases with engine speed, reaches a minimum, then increases quickly with engine speed. This minimum refers to a critical speed at which the contribution of the inertia force overcomes the contribution of the maximum pressure force to the maximum bearing load. The critical speed increases with an increase of counterweight mass and is a function of maximum cylinder pressure and the operating parameters of the engine.

Statically Indeterminate Main Bearing Load Calculation in Frequency Domain for Usage in Early Concept Phase

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tigran Parikyan ◽  
Thomas Resch
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Main Bearing ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Bearing Load ◽  
3D Engine ◽  
Bearing Loads ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Engine Development ◽  
Early Concept Phase

The paper discusses the importance of a numerical method for fast and accurate prediction of main bearing loads of inner combustion engine and its place in the concept phase of engine development process. An approach based on linear dynamic analysis of 3D engine model in frequency domain is presented. Implemented within a separate module of AVL software package EXCITE Designer, it delivers a combination of accuracy and performance suitable for this task. An application example illustrates the method.

Paper 8: An Investigation into the Performance of Dynamically Loaded Journal Bearings: Design Study

1966 ◽  
Vol 181 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lloyd ◽  
R. Horsnell ◽  
H. McCallion
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Load ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Connecting Rod ◽  
Main Bearing ◽  
Bulk Oil ◽  
Engine Design ◽  
Dynamically Loaded ◽  
Bearing Loads

The objects of this paper are to demonstrate the use of the method described in Paper 6 and to give an indication of the effect of design parameters on the performance of a dynamically loaded bearing. An investigation into the main and big-end bearings of a diesel engine of modern design is described. The performance of a bearing is gauged by obtaining: (a) the minimum oil film thickness, (6) the maximum pressure developed within the oil, (c) the maximum load/projected area, and ( d) the bulk oil temperature rise. The influence of the engine design upon the big-end bearing performance for the particular engine under consideration is found by investigating the effects of the following parameters: ( a) bearing length-diameter ratio, (6) removal of centre-circumferential groove, ( c) inlet temperature, ( d) bearing clearance, and ( e) loading diagram. This last parameter is varied by changing in turn the piston mass, the connecting-rod mass, and the position of the connecting-rod centre of gravity. Finally, the effect upon the main bearing performance of various balance weight configurations is demonstrated. The usual assumption is made to obtain the main bearing loads: that loads imposed by a crank throw are equally distributed between neighbouring main bearings. General conclusions are made regarding the relative influence of certain bearing-design parameters upon the bearing performance.

Effect of Chemical Hythane Composition on Pressure in Combustion Chamber of Engine

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
A. P. Shaikin ◽  
I. R. Galiev
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Chamber Volume ◽  
Excess Air ◽  
Scientific Papers

The article analyzes the influence of chemical composition of hythane (a mixture of natural gas with hydrogen) on pressure in an engine combustion chamber. A review of the literature has showed the relevance of using hythane in transport energy industry, and also revealed a number of scientific papers devoted to studying the effect of hythane on environmental and traction-dynamic characteristics of the engine. We have studied a single-cylinder spark-ignited internal combustion engine. In the experiments, the varying factors are: engine speed (600 and 900 min-1), excess air ratio and hydrogen concentration in natural gas which are 29, 47 and 58% (volume).The article shows that at idling engine speed maximum pressure in combustion chamber depends on excess air ratio and proportion hydrogen in the air-fuel mixture – the poorer air-fuel mixture and greater addition of hydrogen is, the more intense pressure increases. The positive effect of hydrogen on pressure is explained by the fact that addition of hydrogen contributes to increase in heat of combustion fuel and rate propagation of the flame. As a result, during combustion, more heat is released, and the fuel itself burns in a smaller volume. Thus, the addition of hydrogen can ensure stable combustion of a lean air-fuel mixture without loss of engine power. Moreover, the article shows that, despite the change in engine speed, addition of hydrogen, excess air ratio, type of fuel (natural gas and gasoline), there is a power-law dependence of the maximum pressure in engine cylinder on combustion chamber volume. Processing and analysis of the results of the foreign and domestic researchers have showed that patterns we discovered are applicable to engines of different designs, operating at different speeds and using different hydrocarbon fuels. The results research presented allow us to reduce the time and material costs when creating new power plants using hythane and meeting modern requirements for power, economy and toxicity.

scholarly journals Improvement of Tilting-Pad Journal Bearing Operating Characteristics by Application of Eddy Grooves

Lubricants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Eckhard Schüler ◽  
Olaf Berner
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Journal Bearing ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Fluid Film ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Fluid Film Bearings ◽  
Tilting Pad ◽  
Bearing Load ◽  
Bearing Loads ◽  
Tilting Pad Journal Bearing

In high speed, high load fluid-film bearings, the laminar-turbulent flow transition can lead to a considerable reduction of the maximum bearing temperatures, due to a homogenization of the fluid-film temperature in radial direction. Since this phenomenon only occurs significantly in large bearings or at very high sliding speeds, means to achieve the effect at lower speeds have been investigated in the past. This paper shows an experimental investigation of this effect and how it can be used for smaller bearings by optimized eddy grooves, machined into the bearing surface. The investigations were carried out on a Miba journal bearing test rig with Ø120 mm shaft diameter at speeds between 50 m/s–110 m/s and at specific bearing loads up to 4.0 MPa. To investigate the potential of this technology, additional temperature probes were installed at the crucial position directly in the sliding surface of an up-to-date tilting pad journal bearing. The results show that the achieved surface temperature reduction with the optimized eddy grooves is significant and represents a considerable enhancement of bearing load capacity. This increase in performance opens new options for the design of bearings and related turbomachinery applications.

An Improved Rate of Heat Release Model for Modern High-Speed Diesel Engines

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. Dowell ◽  
Sam Akehurst ◽  
Richard D. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Injection Model ◽  
Wall Impingement ◽  
Small Set ◽  
Rate Of Heat Release ◽  
Engine System

To meet the increasingly stringent emissions standards, diesel engines need to include more active technologies with their associated control systems. Hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) approaches are becoming popular where the engine system is represented as a real-time capable model to allow development of the controller hardware and software without the need for the real engine system. This paper focusses on the engine model required in such approaches. A number of semi-physical, zero-dimensional combustion modeling techniques are enhanced and combined into a complete model, these include—ignition delay, premixed and diffusion combustion and wall impingement. In addition, a fuel injection model was used to provide fuel injection rate from solenoid energizing signals. The model was parameterized using a small set of experimental data from an engine dynamometer test facility and validated against a complete data set covering the full engine speed and torque range. The model was shown to characterize the rate of heat release (RoHR) well over the engine speed and load range. Critically, the wall impingement model improved R2 value for maximum RoHR from 0.89 to 0.96. This was reflected in the model's ability to match both pilot and main combustion phasing, and peak heat release rates derived from measured data. The model predicted indicated mean effective pressure and maximum pressure with R2 values of 0.99 across the engine map. The worst prediction was for the angle of maximum pressure which had an R2 of 0.74. The results demonstrate the predictive ability of the model, with only a small set of empirical data for training—this is a key advantage over conventional methods. The fuel injection model yielded good results for predicted injection quantity (R2 = 0.99) and enabled the use of the RoHR model without the need for measured rate of injection.

An Approximate THD Theory for Journal Bearings

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Gupta ◽  
C. R. Hammond ◽  
A. Z. Szeri
Keyword(s):  
Journal Bearing ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Pressure Coefficient ◽  
Journal Bearings ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Substantial Agreement ◽  
Interactive Mode ◽  
Lubricant Flow ◽  
Bearing Load ◽  
Sophisticated Model

The aim of this paper is to make available to the industrial designer results of the thermohydrodynamic theory of journal bearings, by providing a simplified, yet accurate model of journal bearing lubrication that can be implemented on a personal computer and be used in an interactive mode. The simplified THD theory we propose consists of two coupled ordinary differential equations for pressure and energy and an algebraic equation for viscosity, which are to be solved iteratively. Bearing load capacity, maximum bearing temperature, maximum pressure, coefficient of friction and lubricant flow rate calculated from this simplified theory compare well with results from a more sophisticated model. We also make comparisons with experimental data on full journal bearings, demonstrating substantial agreement between experiment and simplified theory.

Vibration Spectra as a Feedback for Controlling Multicylinder Engine Performance

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-192
Author(s):  
T.W. Abou-Arab ◽  
M. Othman ◽  
Y.S.H. Najjar
Keyword(s):  
Engine Speed ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Flow Induced Vibration ◽  
Vibration Spectra ◽  
Parametric Studies ◽  
Vibration Pattern ◽  
Engine Components ◽  
Heat And Fluid Flow

Increasing requirements for vehicle confort, economy and reliability lead some investigators to consider the relationships between the mechanical vibrations with the heat and fluid flow induced vibration and noise in a more accurate manner. This paper describes the variation of the vibration phenomena associated with the motion of some engine components under different operating conditions. The measured vibration spectra indicates its capability in predicting symptoms of early engine failures, hence, expediting their control using a suitable feedback system. Parametric studies involving the effect of air-fuel ratio, ignition timing and engine speed on the vibration pattern are also carried out. These studies indicate that the amplitude of vibration decreases as the speed increases then increases again after certain engine speed. The effect of ignition system characteristic on the induced vibration are obtained and the correlation between the developed power and the engine dynamics over a range of operating conditions are discussed.

Load Calculation and Life Prediction for Auto Water Pump Bearing

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengmei Li ◽  
Qiong Zhou ◽  
Jianping Tang ◽  
Jianwen Wang ◽  
Qi An
Keyword(s):  
Load Distribution ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Analytical Calculation ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Water Pump ◽  
Bearing Load ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Bearing Design ◽  
Bearing Loads

Taking the water pump bearing with one roller row (WR)-type auto water pump bearing as a research sample, an analytical calculation method is developed to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the current calculations for the bearing loads and life in engineering application. Considering the misalignment due to the deflection of the bearing spindle, the bearing internal loads and deformations under the action of the complicated external space loads are obtained. The bearing fatigue life including the lives of the rollers and the balls is also calculated with considering the non-normal load distribution caused by the spindle deflection and the roller tilt. The bearing load and life calculation results are compared with those calculated by the traditional method in which the deflection of the bearing spindle and the roller tilt are ignored. The effects of the bearing spindle deflection on the load distribution and the life of the auto water pump bearing are analyzed and discussed. The life decrease in the auto water pump bearing is significant due to the deflection of the bearing spindle and it is recommended to give more attention to this deflection for the high quality of the bearing design and calculation.

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