Bearing Characteristic Parameters to Estimate the Optimum Counterweight Mass of a 6-Cylinder In-Line Engine

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Stanley ◽  
Dinu Taraza
Keyword(s):  
Critical Speed ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Inertia Force ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
Pressure Force ◽  
Bearing Load ◽  
Bearing Characteristic

Abstract Two dimensionless relationships that estimate the maximum and average bearing load of a 6-cylinder 4-stroke in-line engine have been found. These relationships may assist the design engineer in choosing a desired counterweight mass. It has been demonstrated that: 1) the average bearing load increases with engine speed and 2) the maximum bearing load initially decreases with engine speed, reaches a minimum, then increases quickly with engine speed. This minimum refers to a critical speed at which the contribution of the inertia force overcomes the contribution of the maximum pressure force to the maximum bearing load. The critical speed increases with an increase of counterweight mass and is a function of maximum cylinder pressure and the operating parameters of the engine.

A Characteristic Parameter to Estimate the Optimum Counterweight Mass of Symmetric In-Line Engines

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Stanley ◽  
D. Taraza
Keyword(s):  
Engine Speed ◽  
Characteristic Parameter ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Inertia Force ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Pressure Force ◽  
Main Bearing ◽  
Transition Speed ◽  
Bearing Load ◽  
Bearing Loads

Dimensionless relationships that estimate the maximum bearing load of two symmetric in-line engines have been developed. These relationships were empirically determined by averaging the maximum bearing loads of several engine configurations with various geometric and operating parameters. It has been found that the maximum bearing load initially decreases with engine speed, reaches a minimum, and then increases quickly with engine speed. This minimum reflects a transition speed at which the contribution of the inertia force overcomes the contribution of the maximum pressure force to the maximum bearing load. The transition speed increases with an increase of counterweight mass and is a function of the geometric parameters and operating conditions of the engine. Rapid estimation of the main bearing loads is made possible by the use of the dimensionless relationships developed in the paper.

Effect of Dual Fuel Engine Parameters and Fuel Type on Engine Noise Emissions

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emad Elnajjar ◽  
Mohamed Y. E. Selim ◽  
Farag Omar
Keyword(s):  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Fuel Type ◽  
Rise Rate ◽  
Crank Angle

Investigating experimentally the effects of different fuel types and engine parameters on the overall generated engine noise levels. Engine parameters such as: Engine speed, Injection timing angle, engine loading, different pilot fuel to gases fuel ratio and engine compression ratio. Engine noises due to combustion, turbulent flow and motoring were reported in this study by direct sound pressure level SPL (dB) measurements and compared to the maximum cylinder pressure rise rate with respect to the engine crank angle (dP/dθ)max. Experimental procedures conducted using a Ricardo diesel version variable compression research engine. The study was conducted for three different fuels: single diesel fuel, and dual fuel engine that uses LPG or natural gas. The study for each fuel type covered the following operating parameters range, engine speed from 20–28 rev/sec, injection timing form 20 to 45° BTDC, compression ratio from 16 to 22, load range 2 to 14 N.m, and ratio of pilot to gaseous fuel from 0 to 10%. The study reported the location (crank angle) corresponding to maximum cylinder pressure and max pressure rise rate. Results from testing dual fuel engine with varying design and operating parameters are presented and discussed. The present work reported higher SPL (dB) generated from burning a dual fuel compared to burning diesel fuel only.

The Use of Coherence Techniques to Predict the Effect of Engine Operating Parameters on Diesel Engine Noise

1975 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 1227-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Seybert ◽  
M. J. Crocker
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Response Functions ◽  
Engine Noise ◽  
Frequency Responses ◽  
Good Agreement

A technique is presented in which the effects on noise of changing diesel engine operating parameters can be predicted. Traditionally, the effects have been determined by experiment. The technique presented in this paper utilizes experimentally determined frequency response functions between each cylinder pressure input and the engine noise. Once the frequency responses are measured, the engine noise can be calculated for an arbitrary cylinder pressure input. The effect of injection timing, engine load, and engine speed are predicted using cylinder pressure histories obtained from a single cylinder research engine. Experimental results are presented, showing good agreement with predicted data. It has been found that the measured frequency responses are independent of the cylinder pressure level. Also presented here is the multiple coherence between the cylinder pressures and the engine noise and the ordinary coherence between two typical cylinder pressures.

Effect of Chemical Hythane Composition on Pressure in Combustion Chamber of Engine

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
A. P. Shaikin ◽  
I. R. Galiev
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Chamber Volume ◽  
Excess Air ◽  
Scientific Papers

The article analyzes the influence of chemical composition of hythane (a mixture of natural gas with hydrogen) on pressure in an engine combustion chamber. A review of the literature has showed the relevance of using hythane in transport energy industry, and also revealed a number of scientific papers devoted to studying the effect of hythane on environmental and traction-dynamic characteristics of the engine. We have studied a single-cylinder spark-ignited internal combustion engine. In the experiments, the varying factors are: engine speed (600 and 900 min-1), excess air ratio and hydrogen concentration in natural gas which are 29, 47 and 58% (volume).The article shows that at idling engine speed maximum pressure in combustion chamber depends on excess air ratio and proportion hydrogen in the air-fuel mixture – the poorer air-fuel mixture and greater addition of hydrogen is, the more intense pressure increases. The positive effect of hydrogen on pressure is explained by the fact that addition of hydrogen contributes to increase in heat of combustion fuel and rate propagation of the flame. As a result, during combustion, more heat is released, and the fuel itself burns in a smaller volume. Thus, the addition of hydrogen can ensure stable combustion of a lean air-fuel mixture without loss of engine power. Moreover, the article shows that, despite the change in engine speed, addition of hydrogen, excess air ratio, type of fuel (natural gas and gasoline), there is a power-law dependence of the maximum pressure in engine cylinder on combustion chamber volume. Processing and analysis of the results of the foreign and domestic researchers have showed that patterns we discovered are applicable to engines of different designs, operating at different speeds and using different hydrocarbon fuels. The results research presented allow us to reduce the time and material costs when creating new power plants using hythane and meeting modern requirements for power, economy and toxicity.

An Improved Rate of Heat Release Model for Modern High-Speed Diesel Engines

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. Dowell ◽  
Sam Akehurst ◽  
Richard D. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Injection Model ◽  
Wall Impingement ◽  
Small Set ◽  
Rate Of Heat Release ◽  
Engine System

To meet the increasingly stringent emissions standards, diesel engines need to include more active technologies with their associated control systems. Hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) approaches are becoming popular where the engine system is represented as a real-time capable model to allow development of the controller hardware and software without the need for the real engine system. This paper focusses on the engine model required in such approaches. A number of semi-physical, zero-dimensional combustion modeling techniques are enhanced and combined into a complete model, these include—ignition delay, premixed and diffusion combustion and wall impingement. In addition, a fuel injection model was used to provide fuel injection rate from solenoid energizing signals. The model was parameterized using a small set of experimental data from an engine dynamometer test facility and validated against a complete data set covering the full engine speed and torque range. The model was shown to characterize the rate of heat release (RoHR) well over the engine speed and load range. Critically, the wall impingement model improved R2 value for maximum RoHR from 0.89 to 0.96. This was reflected in the model's ability to match both pilot and main combustion phasing, and peak heat release rates derived from measured data. The model predicted indicated mean effective pressure and maximum pressure with R2 values of 0.99 across the engine map. The worst prediction was for the angle of maximum pressure which had an R2 of 0.74. The results demonstrate the predictive ability of the model, with only a small set of empirical data for training—this is a key advantage over conventional methods. The fuel injection model yielded good results for predicted injection quantity (R2 = 0.99) and enabled the use of the RoHR model without the need for measured rate of injection.

An Approximate THD Theory for Journal Bearings

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Gupta ◽  
C. R. Hammond ◽  
A. Z. Szeri
Keyword(s):  
Journal Bearing ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Pressure Coefficient ◽  
Journal Bearings ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Substantial Agreement ◽  
Interactive Mode ◽  
Lubricant Flow ◽  
Bearing Load ◽  
Sophisticated Model

The aim of this paper is to make available to the industrial designer results of the thermohydrodynamic theory of journal bearings, by providing a simplified, yet accurate model of journal bearing lubrication that can be implemented on a personal computer and be used in an interactive mode. The simplified THD theory we propose consists of two coupled ordinary differential equations for pressure and energy and an algebraic equation for viscosity, which are to be solved iteratively. Bearing load capacity, maximum bearing temperature, maximum pressure, coefficient of friction and lubricant flow rate calculated from this simplified theory compare well with results from a more sophisticated model. We also make comparisons with experimental data on full journal bearings, demonstrating substantial agreement between experiment and simplified theory.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF DIESEL-BIODIESEL BLENDS ON THE PERFORMANCE AND EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF A DIRECT INJECTION OFF-ROAD DIESEL ENGINE

Transport ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Mickevičius ◽  
Stasys Slavinskas ◽  
Slawomir Wierzbicki ◽  
Kamil Duda
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Bench Test ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Performance And Emission

This paper presents a comparative analysis of the diesel engine performance and emission characteristics, when operating on diesel fuel and various diesel-biodiesel (B10, B20, B40, B60) blends, at various loads and engine speeds. The experimental tests were performed on a four-stroke, four-cylinder, direct injection, naturally aspirated, 60 kW diesel engine D-243. The in-cylinder pressure data was analysed to determine the ignition delay, the Heat Release Rate (HRR), maximum in-cylinder pressure and maximum pressure gradients. The influence of diesel-biodiesel blends on the Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (bsfc) and exhaust emissions was also investigated. The bench test results showed that when the engine running on blends B60 at full engine load and rated speed, the autoignition delay was 13.5% longer, in comparison with mineral diesel. Maximum cylinder pressure decreased about 1–2% when the amount of Rapeseed Methyl Ester (RME) expanded in the diesel fuel when operating at full load and 1400 min–1 speed. At rated mode, the minimum bsfc increased, when operating on biofuel blends compared to mineral diesel. The maximum brake thermal efficiency sustained at the levels from 0.3% to 6.5% lower in comparison with mineral diesel operating at full (100%) load. When the engine was running at maximum torque mode using diesel – RME fuel blends B10, B20, B40 and B60 the total emissions of nitrogen oxides decreased. At full and moderate load, the emission of carbon monoxide significantly raised as the amount of RME in fuel increased.

Experimental Study of Diesel Engine Cycle-to-Cycle Variation—Part II: Correlation of Ignition Delay and Cylinder Pressure Variation

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 (04) ◽  
pp. 310-317
Author(s):  
M. Soonnadum ◽  
R. Latorre ◽  
D. Charnews
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Cylinder Test ◽  
Cycle Variation ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
Engine Excitation ◽  
Variation Part

Marine diesel engine excitation can occur from the cycle-to-cycle variation in the engine output. The cycle-to-cycle variation in maximum cylinder pressure is often used to represent this variation. Recent tests indicate a poor correlation between the variation in maximum pressure and variation in pressure impulse (PI). This paper summarizes the results of systematic experiments to determine the cycle-to-cycle variation in maximum cylinder pressure, ignition delay (ID), and corresponding ignition pressure in a single-cylinder test diesel engine at various rpm and compression ratios. Comparisons show that there is a high correlation between the cycle-to-cycle variation in ID and PI. Consequently, the variation in the ignition delays should be used instead of the maximum pressure.

scholarly journals Experimental and Numerical Characterization of the Sliding Rotary Vane Expander Intake Pressure in Order to Develop a Novel Control-Diagnostic Procedure

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Fatigati ◽  
Marco Di Bartolomeo ◽  
Davide Di Battista ◽  
Roberto Cipollone
Keyword(s):  
Waste Heat ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
The Road ◽  
Numerical Characterization ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Intake Pressure

Waste heat recovery via Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)-based power units represents one of the most promising solutions to counteract the effects of CO2 emissions on climate change. Nevertheless, several aspects are still limiting its development on the on-the-road transportation sector. Among these aspects, the significant variations of the conditions of the hot source (exhaust gases) are a crucial point. Therefore, the components of the ORC-based unit operate far from the design point if the main operating parameters of the plant are not suitably controlled. The maximum pressure of the cycle is one of the most important variables to be controlled for the importance it has on the effectiveness of the recovery and on safety of operation. In this paper, a wide experimental and theoretical activity was performed in order to define the operating parameters that mostly affect the maximum pressure of the recovery unit. The results showed that the mass flow rate provided by the pump and the expander volumetric efficiency were the main drivers that affect the plant maximum pressure. Subsequently, through a validated model of the expander, a diagnostic map was outlined to evaluate if the expander and, consequently, the whole plant were properly working.

scholarly journals Closed-loop control of a dual-fuel engine working with different combustion modes using in-cylinder pressure feedback

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Guardiola ◽  
Benjamín Pla ◽  
Pau Bares ◽  
Alvin Barbier
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Pressure Derivative ◽  
Combustion Modes ◽  
Dual Fuel Combustion

This work presents a closed-loop combustion control concept using in-cylinder pressure as a feedback in a dual-fuel combustion engine. At low load, reactivity controlled compression ignition combustion was used while a diffusive dual-fuel combustion was performed at higher loads. The aim of the presented controller is to maintain the indicated mean effective pressure and the combustion phasing at a target value, and to keep the maximum pressure derivative under a limit to avoid engine damage in all the combustion modes by cyclically adapting the injection settings. Various tests were performed at steady-state conditions showing good abilities to fulfil the expected operating conditions but also to reject disturbances such as intake pressure or exhaust gas recirculation variations. Finally, the proposed control strategy was tested during a load transient resulting in a combustion switching-mode and the results exhibited the closed-loop potential for controlling such combustion concept.

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