scholarly journals The role of intrinsic muscle mechanics in the neuromuscular control of stable running in the guinea fowl

2009 ◽  
Vol 587 (11) ◽  
pp. 2693-2707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica A. Daley ◽  
Alexandra Voloshina ◽  
Andrew A. Biewener
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mechanics ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Guinea Fowl ◽  
Intrinsic Muscle

scholarly journals MM-MRE: a new technique to quantify individual muscle forces during isometric tasks of the wrist using MR elastography

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Zonnino ◽  
Daniel R. Smith ◽  
Peyton L. Delgorio ◽  
Curtis L. Johnson ◽  
Fabrizio Sergi
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Muscle Force ◽  
Muscle Mechanics ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Joint Torque ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Muscle Forces ◽  
Individual Muscle ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
A New Technique

AbstractNon-invasive in-vivo measurement of individual muscle force is limited by the infeasibility of placing force sensing elements in series with the musculo-tendon structures. At the same time, estimating muscle forces using EMG measurements is prone to inaccuracies, as EMG is not always measurable for the complete set of muscles acting around the joints of interest. While new methods based on shear wave elastography have been recently proposed to directly characterize muscle mechanics, they can only be used to measure muscle forces in a limited set of superficial muscles. As such, they are not suitable to study the neuromuscular control of movements that require coordinated action of multiple muscles.In this work, we present multi-muscle magnetic resonance elastography (MM-MRE), a new technique capable of quantifying individual muscle force from the complete set of muscles in the forearm, thus enabling the study of the neuromuscular control of wrist movements. MM-MRE integrates measurements of joint torque provided by an MRI-compatible instrumented handle with muscle-specific measurements of shear wave speed obtained via MRE to quantify individual muscle force using model-based estimator.A single-subject pilot experiment demonstrates the possibility of obtaining measurements from individual muscles and establishes that MM-MRE has sufficient sensitivity to detect changes in muscle mechanics following the application of isometric joint torque with self-selected intensity.

scholarly journals Identifying differences in gait adaptability across various speeds using movement synergy analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0244582
Author(s):  
David Ó’Reilly ◽  
Peter Federolf
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Normal Walking ◽  
Optimal Model ◽  
Double Support ◽  
Leg Dominance ◽  
Perturbed Walking

Introduction The aim of this study was to identify movement synergies during normal-walking that can differentiate healthy adults in terms of gait adaptability at various speeds. To this end, the association between movement synergies and lower-limb coordination variability or Deviation Phase (DP) was investigated. This study also investigated the moderating effect of movement synergies on the relationship between DP and the smoothness of arm-swing motion (NJI). Method A principal component analysis of whole-body marker trajectories from normal-walking treadmill trials at 0.8m/s, 1.2m/s and 1.6m/s was undertaken. Both DP and NJI were derived from approx. 8 minutes of perturbed-walking treadmill trials. Principal movement components, PMk, were derived and the RMS of the 2nd-order differentiation of these PMk (PAkRMS) were included as independent variables representing the magnitude of neuromuscular control in each PMk. Each PAkRMS were input into maximal linear mixed-effects models against DP and (DP x NJI) respectively. A stepwise elimination of terms and comparison of models using Anova identified optimal models for both aims. Results The principal movement related to the push-off mechanism of gait (PA4RMS) was identified as an optimal model and demonstrated a significant negative effect on DP however this effect may differ considerably across walking-speeds. An optimal model for describing the variance in (DP x NJI) included a fixed-effect of PA6RMS representing Right—Left side weight transfer was identified. Interpretation The hypotheses that individuals who exhibited greater control on specific kinematic synergies would exhibit variations during perturbed walking was substantiated. Supporting evidence for the role of movement synergies during the double-support phase of gait in proactively correcting balance was presented as well as the potential for this approach in targeted rehabilitation. The potential influence of leg dominance on gait adaptability was also discussed. Future studies should investigate further the role of walking-speed and leg dominance on movement synergies and look to generalize these findings to patient populations.

scholarly journals Simulations of neuromuscular control in lamprey swimming

1999 ◽  
Vol 354 (1385) ◽  
pp. 895-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Örjan Ekeberg ◽  
Sten Grillner
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Neuronal Mechanisms ◽  
Interconnected Model ◽  
Vestibular Organs ◽  
Different Levels

The neuronal generation of vertebrate locomotion has been extensively studied in the lamprey. Models at different levels of abstraction are being used to describe this system, from abstract nonlinear oscillators to interconnected model neurons comprising multiple compartments and a Hodgkin–Huxley representation of the most relevant ion channels. To study the role of sensory feedback by simulation, it eventually also becomes necessary to incorporate the mechanical movements in the models. By using simplifying models of muscle activation, body mechanics, counteracting water forces, and sensory feedback through stretch receptors and vestibular organs, we have been able to close the feedback loop to enable studies of the interaction between the neuronal and the mechanical systems. The neuromechanical simulations reveal that the currently known network is sufficient for generating a whole repertoire of swimming patterns. Swimming at different speeds and with different wavelengths, together with the performance of lateral turns can all be achieved by simply varying the brainstem input. The neuronal mechanisms behind pitch and roll manoeuvres are less clear. We have put forward a ‘crossed–oscillators’ hypothesis where partly separate dorsal and ventral circuits are postulated. Neuromechanical simulations of this system show that it is also capable of generating realistic pitch turns and rolls, and that vestibular signals can stabilize the posture during swimming.

The role of ankle bracing in injury prevention, athletic performance and neuromuscular control: a review of the literature

The Foot ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.S. Papadopoulos ◽  
C. Nicolopoulos ◽  
E.G. Anderson ◽  
M. Curran ◽  
S. Athanasopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Ankle Bracing
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