scholarly journals How do treadmill speed and terrain visibility influence neuromuscular control of guinea fowl locomotion?

2015 ◽  
Vol 218 (19) ◽  
pp. 3010-3022 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Gordon ◽  
J. W. Rankin ◽  
M. A. Daley
Keyword(s):  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Guinea Fowl ◽  
Treadmill Speed

scholarly journals Leg muscles that mediate stability: mechanics and control of two distal extensor muscles during obstacle negotiation in the guinea fowl

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1570) ◽  
pp. 1580-1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica A. Daley ◽  
Andrew A. Biewener
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Guinea Fowl ◽  
Fascicle Length ◽  
Uneven Terrain ◽  
Leg Muscles ◽  
And Control

Here, we used an obstacle treadmill experiment to investigate the neuromuscular control of locomotion in uneven terrain. We measured in vivo function of two distal muscles of the guinea fowl, lateral gastrocnemius (LG) and digital flexor-IV (DF), during level running, and two uneven terrains, with 5 and 7 cm obstacles. Uneven terrain required one step onto an obstacle every four to five strides. We compared both perturbed and unperturbed strides in uneven terrain to level terrain. When the bird stepped onto an obstacle, the leg became crouched, both muscles acted at longer lengths and produced greater work, and body height increased. Muscle activation increased on obstacle strides in the LG, but not the DF, suggesting a greater reflex contribution to LG. In unperturbed strides in uneven terrain, swing pre-activation of DF increased by 5 per cent compared with level terrain, suggesting feed-forward tuning of leg impedance. Across conditions, the neuromechanical factors in work output differed between the two muscles, probably due to differences in muscle–tendon architecture. LG work depended primarily on fascicle length, whereas DF work depended on both length and velocity during loading. These distal muscles appear to play a critical role in stability by rapidly sensing and responding to altered leg–ground interaction.

scholarly journals The role of intrinsic muscle mechanics in the neuromuscular control of stable running in the guinea fowl

2009 ◽  
Vol 587 (11) ◽  
pp. 2693-2707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica A. Daley ◽  
Alexandra Voloshina ◽  
Andrew A. Biewener
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mechanics ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Guinea Fowl ◽  
Intrinsic Muscle

Functional Anatomy Underlying Pharyngeal Swallowing Mechanics and Swallowing Performance Goals

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 648-655
Author(s):  
William G. Pearson ◽  
Jacline V. Griffeth ◽  
Alexis M. Ennis
Keyword(s):  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Upper Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Performance Goals ◽  
Laryngeal Elevation ◽  
Port Closure ◽  
Swallowing Dysfunction ◽  
Hyoid Movement ◽  
Pharyngeal Swallowing ◽  
Pharyngeal Constriction

Purpose Rehabilitation of pharyngeal swallowing dysfunction requires a thorough understanding of the functional anatomy underlying the performance goals of pharyngeal swallowing. These goals include the safe and efficient transfer of a bolus through the hypopharynx into the esophagus. Penetration or aspiration of a bolus threatens swallowing safety. Bolus residue indicates swallowing inefficiency. Several primary mechanics, or elements of the swallowing mechanism, underlie these performance goals, with some elements contributing to both goals. These primary mechanics include velopharyngeal port closure, hyoid movement, laryngeal elevation, pharyngeal shortening, tongue base retraction, and pharyngeal constriction. Each element of the swallowing mechanism is under neuromuscular control and is therefore, in principle, a potential target for rehabilitation. Secondary mechanics of pharyngeal swallowing, those movements dependent on primary mechanics, include opening the upper esophageal sphincter and epiglottic inversion. Conclusion Understanding the functional anatomy of pharyngeal swallowing underlying swallowing performance goals will facilitate anatomically informed critical thinking in the rehabilitation of pharyngeal swallowing dysfunction.

Safety And Preliminary Efficacy of Magnetic Stimulation of Pelvic Floor with Hifem Technology in Urinary Incontinence

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Pelvic Floor ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Pelvic Floor Muscle ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Ultrasound Elastography ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Muscle Injuries ◽  
Stimulation Of

Introduction: BTL EMSELLA™ utilizes High-Intensity Focused Electromagnetic technology (HIFEM) to cause deep pelvic floor muscles stimulation and restoration of the neuromuscular control. Key effectiveness is based on focused electromagnetic energy, in-depth penetration and stimulation of the entire pelvic floor area. A single BTL EMSELLA™ session brings thousands of supramaximal pelvic floor muscle contractions, which are extremely important in muscle reeducation of incontinent patients. Objective: Prospective study to evaluate the safety and preliminary effectiveness of the use of BTL EMSELLA magnetic stimulation in urinary incontinence. Method: Thirty-two patients with light and moderate urinary incontinence were recruited to perform 6 sessions of BTL EMSELLA during three weeks of initial treatment. Follow-up after three months. The patients received sessions lasting 28 minutes, completing the different treatment protocols. Initially the patients underwent a quality of life test before and after treatment, evaluation with advanced ultrasound using elastography to measure the initial tissue's elasticity and be able to compare after treatment, clinical functional evaluation and urodynamic test. Results: No adverse reactions were observed. All the patients finished the treatment sessions. Two patients reported increased pain after treatment in the first session corresponding to a VAS scale greater than 5 with duration greater than three hours. The treatment was highly satisfactory in 84,4% of the patients. After the first three months the improvement was maintained in 77% of the patients. No muscle injuries were observed. Elastographic changes and improvement of muscle tone were detected by advanced ultrasound (elastography) in 100% of patients. Conclusions: BTL EMSELLA is safe, well tolerated and effective for the treatment of mild and moderate urinary incontinence. The observed elastographic changes demonstrate the improvement of pelvic floor muscle tone after treatment. A reduction in the symptoms of urinary incontinence was demonstrated. Recommendations: Continue increasing the number of cases for research and increase the variables that we have decided to incorporate in the next research section such as MRI and pressure calculation.

Effect of Administration of Lab Isolated L.Plantarum from GI Tract of Guinea Fowl on Intestinal Histomorphometry in Broilers

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 476-478
Author(s):  
Vineetha P.G Vineetha P.G ◽  
◽  
Simmi Tomar ◽  
Deepthi Vijay ◽  
Sreelekshmy Mohandas
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Fowl ◽  
Gi Tract

The meat quality of guinea fowl (Numida meleagris L., 1766) and its variation under refrigeration storage

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 58-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.A. Zabiiakin ◽  
◽  
T.V. Zabiiakina ◽  
A.L. Kropotova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Guinea Fowl ◽  
Numida Meleagris ◽  
Refrigeration Storage

A Survey on Tick Infestation in Domestic Birds Sold at Gwagwalada Market, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria.

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (04) ◽  
pp. 4974
Author(s):  
Ayoh Stephen O. ◽  
Olanrewaju Comfort A*
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Guinea Fowl ◽  
Vector Group ◽  
Arthropod Vector ◽  
Argas Persicus ◽  
Domestic Birds ◽  
Micro Organisms

Ticks transmit a greater variety of pathogenic micro-organisms than any other arthropod vector group, and are among the most important vectors of diseases affecting animals. A survey on the prevalence of tick species infesting domestic birds sold in Gwagwalada main market, Abuja between April and July, 2015. A total of 450 birds were examined by feather separation with fingers and a pair of forceps to expose the skin of the birds for presence of the ticks. An overall prevalence of 25.6% was observed. Out of the 150 domestic fowls examined 62(53.9%) were infested, 44(29.3%) of the 150 Guinea fowl and 9(6.0%) of the 150 Pigeons were infested. Of all the ticks identified, 93(51.4%) were from the Domestic Fowls and 77(42.5%) from the Guinea fowl and 11(6.0%) from Pigeon. Thirty (32.3%) of the ticks from the Domestic fowls were Argas persicus, 25(26.9%) Argas walkerae, 20 (21.5%) Ornithodorus moubata and 18(19.4%) Ornithodorus savignyi. Similarly, 34(44.2%) of the ticks from Guinea fowl were A. walkerae, 20(28.2%) O. moubataand 23(32.4%) O. savignyi. Five (45.5%) of the ticks from Pigeon were A. persicus, 4 (36.4%) were A. walkerae, 2 (18.2%) were O. moubata and no O. savignyi. Observation on the location of tick from the hosts body showed highest prevalence was found under the wings (55.2%) and lowest on the head & neck (5.00%). The result of this research revealed that Gwagwalada market poultry section is endemic of tick infestation. Chemical control with acaricides and improved management and sanitation of the poultry cages in the market should be enforced.

Neuromuscular Control of Movement

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Locomotor Rhythm ◽  
Motor Responses ◽  
Reflex Pathways ◽  
Local Reflex ◽  
Local Circuits ◽  
And Control

The control of movement is essential for animals traversing complex environments and operating across a range of speeds and gaits. We consider how animals process sensory information and initiate motor responses, primarily focusing on simple motor responses that involve local reflex pathways of feedback and control, rather than the more complex, longer-term responses that require the broader integration of higher centers within the nervous system. We explore how local circuits facilitate decentralized coordination of locomotor rhythm and examine the fundamentals of sensory receptors located in the muscles, tendons, joints, and at the animal’s body surface. These sensors monitor the animal’s physical environment and the action of its muscles. The sensory information is then carried back to the animal’s nervous system by afferent neurons, providing feedback that is integrated at the level of the spinal cord of vertebrates and sensory-motor ganglia of invertebrates.

scholarly journals Neurophysiological changes of brain and spinal cord in individuals with patellofemoral pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e049882
Author(s):  
Jing Nong Liang ◽  
Savanna Budge ◽  
Austin Madriaga ◽  
Kara Meske ◽  
Derrick Nguyenton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Randomised Control Trial ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord

IntroductionReduced neuromuscular control due to altered neurophysiological functions of the central nervous system has been suggested to cause movement deficits in individuals with patellofemoral pain (PFP). However, the underlying neurophysiological measures of brain and spinal cord in this population remain to be poorly understood. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the evidence for altered cortical and spinal cord functions in individuals with PFP.Methods and analysisThe protocol for conducting the review was prepared using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines. We will systematically search the literature that examines cortical and spinal cord functions in individuals with PFP, aged 18–45 years. The studies for cross-sectional, prospective, longitudinal, case–control and randomised control trial designs will be included from the following databases: PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE and Web of Science. Only studies published in English prior to 1 February 2021 will be included. The risk of bias and quality assessment will be performed using National Institutes of Health’s Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. We will conduct meta-analysis of the data where appropriate. Narrative synthesis will be taken if a meta-analysis is not possible.Ethics and disseminationThis is a systematic review from the existing literature and does not require ethical approval. The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal in the field of rehabilitation medicine, sports/orthopaedic medicine or neurology, regardless of the outcome.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020212128.

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