Pink colour formation in hydrolysed casein

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. Johns
Keyword(s):  
Pink Colour ◽  
Hydrolysed Casein

Equivalent Increases in Circulating GLP-1 Following Jejunal Delivery of Intact and Hydrolysed Casein: Relevance to Satiety Induction Following Bariatric Surgery

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1851-1858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carel W. le Roux ◽  
My Engström ◽  
Niclas Björnfot ◽  
Lars Fändriks ◽  
Neil G. Docherty
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Hydrolysed Casein

scholarly journals Endogenous amino acid flow in the avian ileum: quantification using three techniques

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Ravindran ◽  
L. I. Hew ◽  
G. Ravindran
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Method Of Determination ◽  
Endogenous Protein ◽  
Protein Free Diet ◽  
Hydrolysed Casein ◽  
Endogenous Amino Acid

The aim of the present study was to compare the protein-free diet, guanidinated casein (GuC) and enzyme hydrolysed casein (EHC) methods for the quantification of endogenous amino acid (AA) flow in the avian ileum. Growing broiler chickens (5 weeks old) were used. All three assay diets were based on dextrose, and in the GuC and EHC diets GuC or EHC were the sole source of N. Endogenous AA flows determined with the use of protein-free diet were considerably lower (P>0·05) than those determined by the GuC and EHC methods. The total endogenous AA flows determined by the GuC and EHC methods were almost 3-fold greater (P>0·05) than those determined by the protein-free diet. The endogenous AA values obtained from GuC and EHC methods were similar (P<0·05), except for the flow of arginine, which was lower (P>0·05) in the EHC method. Glutamic acid, aspartic acid, threonine and glycine were the predominant endogenous AA present in digesta from the distal ileum. The contents of methionine, histidine and cystine were lower compared with other AA. The method of determination had no effect on the AA composition of endogenous protein, except for threonine, glutamic acid, lysine, arginine and cystine. The concentrations of threonine and arginine were lower (P>0·05) and that of lysine was higher (P>0·05) with the EHC method compared with the other two methods. The concentration of glutamic acid was greater (P0·05) and that of cystine was lower (P>0·05) in the EHC and GuC methods compared with the protein-free diet method. The results showed that the ileal endogenous flows of N and AA are markedly enhanced by the presence of protein and peptides, above those determined following feeding of a protein-free diet. It is concluded that the use of EHC and GuC methods enables the measurement of ileal endogenous losses in chickens under normal physiological conditions.

scholarly journals On the laws which regulate the absorption of polarized light by doubly refracting crystals. By David Brewster, LL. D. F. R. S. Lond. and Edinb. In a letter addressed to the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks, Bart. G. C. B. P. R. S

1833 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 104-105
Keyword(s):  
Polarized Light ◽  
The Other ◽  
Double Refraction ◽  
Pink Colour ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
Number Of Particles

In examining the polarizing structure of acetate of copper, the author’s attention was drawn to certain changes of colour exhibited by its crystal, when exposed in different positions to polarized light; and as these were independent of the thickness of the plate, and of any analysis of the transmitted pencil, he was induced to regard them as a new affection of light, ascribable to the absorption of the homogeneous tints forming the compound colour of the crystal. Dr. Brewster, therefore, collected a variety of coloured crystals, with a view to examine the phenomena which they presented, when cut at different angles with the axis, and when exposed in different positions to polarized light. The details of this examination are next given; and as the property of transparent bodies, by which they detain and assimilate to their own substance a portion of the rays which penetrate them while the rest are freely transmitted, is related to the axes of double refraction, the author first describes the phenomena presented by crystals of one axis, and then explains the modifications which they undergo when the number of axes is increased. It appears from these investigations that the colouring particles of crystals, instead of being indiscriminately dispersed throughout their mass, have an arrangement related to the ordinary and extraordinary forces which they exert upon light. In some cases, the extraordinary medium appeared to be tinged with the same kind and number of colouring particles as the ordinary medium; but in other cases, in the same mineral, the extraordinary medium was either tinged with a different number of particles of the same colour, or with a colouring matter entirely different from that of the ordinary medium. In some specimens of topaz the colouring matter of the one medium was more easily discharged by heat than that of the other, one of the pencils being yellow and the other pink : hence it is a mistake to suppose that in converting yellow topazes into pink by heat, the former colour is changed into the latter; the fact being, that the yellow is discharged by heat, thus leaving the pink unimpaired. Hence it may be ascertained beforehand whether a topaz will receive a pink colour by heat; for if that colour exist in one of its images, seen by exposing it to a polarized ray, we may predict the success of the experiment.

scholarly journals Partial purification and characterization of a novel neutral proteinase from human uterine cervix

1980 ◽  
Vol 185 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Ito ◽  
Hiroko Ihara ◽  
Yo Mori
Keyword(s):  
Uterine Cervix ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Neutral Proteinase ◽  
Bean Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Cervical Stroma ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Hydrolysed Casein

1. Human uterine cervical stroma was found to contain a Ca2+-independent neutral proteinase against casein and N-benzoyl-dl-arginine p-nitroanilide (Bz-dl-Arg-Nan). This enzyme was tightly bound to an insoluble material (20000g pellet) and was solubilized by high concentrations of NaCl or KCl. High concentrations of them in the reaction system, however, inhibited reversibly the activity of this enzyme. 2. The neutral proteinase was partially purified by extraction with NaCl, gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 and affinity chromatography on casein–Sepharose. 3. The optimal pH of this partially purified enzyme was 7.4–8.0 against casein and Bz-dl-Arg-Nan. The molecular weight of the enzyme was found to be about 1.4×105 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. 4. The enzyme was significantly inhibited by di-isopropyl phosphorofluoridate (0.1mm). High concentration of phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride (5mm), 7-amino-1-chloro-3-l-tosylamidoheptan-2-one (0.5mm), antipain (10μm) or leupeptin (10μm) was also found to be inhibitory, but chymostatin (40μg/ml), soya-bean trypsin inhibitor (2.5mg/ml), human plasma (10%, v/v), p-chloromercuribenzoate (1mm), EDTA (10mm) and 1-chloro-4-phenyl-3-l-tosylamidobutan-2-one (1mm) had no effect on the enzyme. 5. The neutral proteinase hydrolysed casein, Bz-dl-Arg-Nan and heat-denatured collagen, but was inactive towards native collagen and several synthetic substrates, such as 4-phenylazobenzyloxycarbonyl-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro-d-Arg, 3-carboxypropionyl-Ala-Ala-Ala p-nitroanilide and 2,4-dinitrophenyl-Pro-Gln-Gly-Ile-Ala-Gly-Gln-d-Arg, and also proteoglycan. The enzyme did not act as a plasminogen activator. 6. These properties suggested that a neutral proteinase in the human uterine cervix was different from enzymes previously reported.

I. On the functions of the fœtal liver and intestines

1864 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 549-551
Keyword(s):  
Lower Portion ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Pink Colour ◽  
Foetal Liver

After some introductory remarks, the author observes that the intestines of the fœtus, between the fifth and ninth months of intra-uterine life, “contain a flocculent substance of orange-pink colour in the duodenal portion, a slimy green substance (the meconium) in their lower portion. “The nature of the former was ascertained by Dr. Prout to be highly albuminous and nutritious. The nature of the latter, of which Dr. John Davy has given a complete analysis (Trans. Med. Chir. Soc.), is simply excrementitious. In the intermediate portion of the intestine the substance is of intermediate character; the more nutritive its property, the higher its position in the intestine.”

Identification of Casein Phosphopeptides in β-casein and Commercial Hydrolysed Casein by Mass Spectrometry

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 379-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Miquel ◽  
J. A. Gómez ◽  
A. Alegría ◽  
R. Barberá ◽  
R. Farré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽  
Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽  
Casein Phosphopeptides ◽  
Hydrolysed Casein ◽  
Cluster Sequence

Casein phosphopeptides (CPPs) in commercial hydrolysed casein (CE90CPP) and in β-CN (β-CN) after simulated gastrointestinal digestion (gastric stage pepsin, pH =2, 37°C 2h) and intestinal stage (pancreatic-bile extract, pH =5.2, 37°C 2h) were sequenced by on-line reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC-ESIMS/MS). In β-CN digest five peptides that contained four to five phosphate groups and the cluster sequence SpSpSpEE (residues 17-21) were identified. All CPPs with one exception β-CN(1-24)4P, had the protein fragment β-CN(1-25)4P, which is one of the main CPPs produced in vivo digestion of casein and the results of in vitro studies showed that this fragment enhanced calcium, iron and zinc absorption. In commercial hydrolysed casein CE90CPP 13 peptides were identified, only one of them, αs2-CN (1-13)3P, contained the cluster sequence SpSpSpEE but all the peptides have one or two phosphoserine residues with mineral binding capacity. These CPPs were shorter (527-2061 Da vs 2966-6512 Da) and less phosphorylated (1-3 P vs 4-5 P) than those released after simulated gastrointestinal digestion of β-CN. In both samples, the potential mineral chelating properties of these peptides in relation to their amino acid sequences and the presence of the phosphorylated cluster are discussed.

Changes in Ultrastructure and Pigment Content During Development and Senescence of Fruits of Normal and rin and nor Mutant Tomatoes

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 575 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Simpson ◽  
MR Baqar ◽  
WB Mcglasson ◽  
TH Lee
Keyword(s):  
Major Change ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Full Size ◽  
Pink Colour ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
Ultrastructural Transformation ◽  
Days After Anthesis ◽  
Complete Transformation ◽  
Myelin Figures

Fruits of the normal Rutgers tomato cultivar and of the rin and nor mutants were examined at the following times: Rutgers at 17, 21, 32, 45, 47, 50 and 55 days after anthesis; rin and nor at 17, 21, 32, 50, 65, 78 and 95 days after anthesis. Ripening in Rutgers fruits began at about 47 days, and fruits were fully ripe by 55 days after anthesis. Full size was reached in both Rutgers and in the mutant fruits about 50 days after anthesis. Rin fruits subsequently turned yellow, and nor fruits developed some pink colour, but the fruits of both mutants remained sound and comparatively firm for up to 95 days after anthesis. No unique differences in ultrastructure were noted between Rutgers and mutant fruits except that myelin figures were observed in 21- and 32-day nor fruits and spiral membrane tubules were found in the epidermis of 95-day rin fruits. In Rutgers fruits, the major change was the transformation of chloroplasts to chromoplasts during ripening; this transformation was completed within 5 days. A similar, but much slower and less complete, transformation was noted in the mutants. Some grana and chlorophyll were present even in 95-day fruits, although rin and nor fruits began to lose chlorophyll and to accumulate coloured carotenoids from the time the fruits reached full size. The slow changes in ultrastructural transformation of plastids, paralleled by the changes in colour, suggest either suppression of nuclear action or lack of capacity to produce cellular components essential for normal ripening. The latter suggestion was favoured by current information on the physiology of the mutants.

NON-ENZYMATIC BROWNING IN CAULIFLOWER

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Strachan ◽  
I. L. Nonnecke
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Enzymatic Browning ◽  
Pink Colour ◽  
Browning Reaction

In a study of local cauliflower discoloration it was found that added 1-ascorbic acid markedly increased the pink colour formed on heating. The pink colour formation is relatively slow, takes place regardless of the inherent ascorbic acid content, and appears to be due to a non-enzymatic browning reaction.

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