The Pink Ball in Cricket: A Call to Investigate the Impact of Ball-Colour on Visual-Motor Behaviour

The sport of cricket has recently undergone a unique transformation with the introduction of day-night test cricket, where the traditional red ball has been substituted with a fluorescent pink ball. Although the concept continues to gain popularity among the wider population, there are growing concerns regarding the visibility of the fast-moving ball along with seemingly little knowledge on how ball-colour may influence the visual-motor behaviour of the players. This paper seeks to highlight some of these concerns by exploring how the pink colour may influence colour contrast and perception, and visual perception. By better understanding the influence of ball-colour on visual-motor behaviour, sporting administrators and researchers alike can work towards further progressing the sport without impacting player safety and/or performance.

TIPE GRANIT SEPANJANG PANTAI TIMUR PULAU BATAM DAN PANTAI BARAT PULAU BINTAN, PERAIRAN SELAT BATAM BINTAN

Granit tipe I dan Tipe S tersebar sepanjang Kepulauan Riau. Di Pulau Batam dan Pulau Bintan, yang menerus dari jalur granit Johor Penensular, Malaysia. Granit-granit tersebut menerus secara alamiah dari Provinsi granit Johor sebelah Timur menerus ke kepulauan Riau sampai Bangka Belitung. Ciri granit tipe I berwarna pink biotit hadir berwarna colat gelap, mempunyai komposisi kimia SiO2 antara 53% -76%, kandungan CaO Na2O yang tinggi, kandungan Sr tinggi dan Rb rendah. Ciri granit tipe S biasanya berwarna abu-abu, hornblenda jarang ditemukan, komposisi kimia SiO2 berkisar antara 66% - 76%, mempunyai kandungan CaO dan Na2O yang rendah, biasanya Sr rendah dan Rb tinggi. (Chappel dan white, 1983) Berdasarkan Analisa data megaskopis granit di pantai Pulau Batam sebelah utara (PBT-14) dan PBT-12, berwarna abu-abu dengan tekstur afanitik, mengandung orthoklase (45%), Quartz (20), Biotite (15), Hornblende (5%) dan Plagioclase (10%). sedangkan di tengah -tengah (PBT-13) berwarna kemerahan, ukuran butir menengah sampai kasar,mengandung Orthoklase, kuarsa, Plagioklas hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan tipe granit di Pulau Batam yaitu tipe I dan Tipe S. Sedangkan di Pulau Bintan sama dengan PBT-13 yaitu kemerahan, tekstur fanerik yaitu ciri dari tipe I. Berdasarkan analisa petrografis sampel di 3 lokasi di Pulau Batam terdiri dari plagioklas, orthoklas, kuarsa, biotit dan mineral opak. Demikian juga di Pulau Bintan tidak ditemukan hornblenda, kemungkinan tipe S Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa granit di daerah selidikan mempunyai tipe S, karena hornblenda tidak ditemukan. Kandungan senyawa SiO2 yang tinggi di P. Bintan (> 63,55%), kandungan CaO (< 0,99%), dan Na2O (< 3,02%) yang rendah, Serta unsur tanah jarang Sr (>4 ppm), yang tinggi, maka disimpulkan bahwa tipe granit di daerah Bintan adalah Tipe S. Di P. Batam Kandungan SiO2 yang tinggi ( > 71,39%), Kandungan CaO (0,14%- 3,48%), dan Na2O (< 3,33%) yang rendah, Serta unsur tanah jarang Sr (> 17 ppm), yang tinggi, maka tipe granit di daerah Bintan adalah Tipe S. Granites S and I Type are distributed throughout the archipelago, which lie immediately to the south of Johorein Peninsular Malaysia. These granites seem to form a natural continuation of the eastern province granites in Johor to Riau Archipelago until Bangka and Belitung Island. I Type Granite show pink colour in megascopis speciment, SiO2 composition between 53% - 76%, high content Cao and Na2O, higih content Sr and low content Rb. S type granite shows greeyish, no present hornblende, SiO2 composition between 53% - 76%, Low content CaO and Na2O, Granite in the eastern coast of Batam Island in (PBT-14 and PBT-12) are greeyish, afanitic texture is made up of an orthoclase, Quartz, Biotite, Hornblende and Plagioclase. While granite in the middle (PBT-13), reddish, medium to coarse grained, Orthoclase, quartz, Plagioclase. This description shows that granite in Batam is I type and S type, while in Bintan Island is I Type. Base on petrography's analysis in 3 location in Batam island Granite, greeyish, faneric texture, medium - coarse grained, holocrystalyne, hipidiomorfic - allotriomorfic. Orthoclase, quartz, Plagioclase, Biotite, Opaque Mineral. While granite in Bintan island are gray, faneric texture medium to coarse grain, holocristalyn - alotriomorfic, consists of Plagioclase, Orthoclase, quartz and Biotite. These analysis shows that Granit in Batam and Bintan island are S Type because hornblende is not found. Base on Chemist Analysis Major element in Bintan island consists of high content SiO2 (> 63,55), and CaO (< 0,99%), Na2O (< 3,02%) are low Content. Trace element is high content Strontium (>4 PPM ). These analysis shows that granite in Bintan island are S Type. Major element in Bintan island consists of high content SiO2 (>71,39%), and CaO (<0,14%), Na2O (<0,18% ) are low Content. Trace element is high content Strontium (> 17 PPM ). These analysis shows that granite in Bintan island are S Type.

Diasporescence in rubies from Prilep dolomitic marble

Rubies from the Prilep dolomitic marble contain numerous diaspore inclusions, resulting from oriented intergrowth with corundum. In the world of gemstones, this phenomenon has been recognized as diasporescence, which has to date been researched only in the cases of corundum crystals from Macedonia. The paper describes the importance of diasporescence for the appearance and thus the quality of rubies, in which the inclusions of diaspore are also a distinctive character for the determination of the origin of this renowned gemstone. Diaspore is colourless to white and affect on intensity of red to pink colour of ruby as a gem. Macedonian rubies are the only rubies from around the world with inclusions of diaspore and that´s why also the only rubies with optical phenomena diasporescence.

Paleomagnetic dating of tectonically influenced Plio-Quaternary fan-system deposits from the Apennines (Italy)

<p>The Roveto Valley is a narrow, elongated, NW-trending depression filled with continental Plio-Quaternary deposits that outcrop at different topographic elevations. A morpho-lithostratigraphic succession of the continental deposits has been defined in order to reconstruct the geological Quaternary evolution of the area. These deposits do not contain materials suitable for biostratigraphic dating; therefore, in order to determine their chronology, three different units were sampled for magnetostratigraphic investigations. Paleomagnetic results demonstrated that standard demagnetization techniques are effective in removing secondary remanence components and in isolating the characteristic remanent magnetization, allowing us to determine, for each cycle, whether it was deposited before or after the Brunhes-Matuyama geomagnetic reversal at 781 ka. Preliminary rock magnetic analyses indicated that magnetite is the main magnetic carrier and that hematite, which gives the pink colour to the matrix, is in the superparamagnetic grain-size range and thus does not retain any paleomagnetic remanence.</p>

Study on Colour Activity of Silk Fabric Dyed with Purple Corn Cob: А Research on Effect of Metal Mordants Concentration Using Post-Mordanting Method

The colour activity of silk fabric dyed with natural dye extraction from the purple corn cob by post-mordanting was studied. The effect of dyes at different metal mordants concentration levels on their colour strength was also investigated. Silk fabrics dyed with purple corn cob extract showed light violetish-pink shade, while those dyed with alum violetish-pink colour. Silk substrates dyed with CuSO4 gave a gray colour, while those dyed with FeSO4 had a violetish-pink colour. The fastness properties showed fair to very good rating.

Effect of Dye Concentration on UV Protection Property of Silk Fabric Dyed with Purple Corn Cob Using Pre-Mordanting Method

A natural dye extracted from purple corn cob was applied to a silk fabric using pre-mordanting method, under different conditions. It was observed that with an increase in the dye concentration, the ultraviolet (UV) protection factor (UPF) values ranged between good and very good for the silk fabric. In addition, a darker colour, such as that provided by a FeSO4and CuSO4mordant, gave better protection because of higher UV absorption. Silk fabrics dyed with purple corn cob extract showed a light violetish-pink shade, while those dyed with alum violetish-pink colour. Silk substrates dyed with CuSO4gave a green to greenish-pink colour, while those dyed with FeSO4had a light yellow to violetish-gray colour. The results confirmed that natural dyes from purple corn cob extract with metal mordants have potential applications in fabric dyeing and in producing UV-protective silk fabrics.

Elimination of Microbes from Different Drinking Water Sources of Visakhapatnam Using Potassium Permanganate: Dose Based Disinfection Approach

Potassium permaganate has been used since ages for disinfection of water. It is known for oxidation of cell membrane of micro organisms. But the pink colour prevailing after use makes people reject the water on aesthetic grounds. Water samples from bore wells and tap water from public places were collected from different areas of Visakhapatnam. Physio-chemical and microbial analysis analyses of the water samples were carried out. A dose based permaganate treatment of water depending upon number of colony forming units and species of microorganism present in the water was carried out [1,2,5]

Actinia ebhayiensis sp. nov., a new species of sea anemone (Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Actiniidae) from South Africa

In this work we describe Actinia ebhayiensis sp. nov. from South Africa. The species is externally similar to the type species of the genus, Actinia equina, from which it can be distinguished by nematocyst and allozyme data. Actinia ebhayiensis has a smooth, red column, with well-delimited parapet leading to a deep fosse where conspicuous blue acrorhagi can be found. Tentacles and oral disc are crimson red, and the pedal disc has a lighter pink colour. The microbasic p-mastigophores and b-mastigophores of the mesenterial filaments of the new species are significantly smaller than those of A. equina. Actinia ebhayiensis can also be clearly distinguished from other species of the genus in nematocyst measurements, genetic data and muscle morphology.