Diet influences latitudinal gradients in life‐history traits, but not reproductive output, in ectotherms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udita Bansal ◽  
Maria Thaker
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Latitudinal Gradients

scholarly journals Population declines of tuna and relatives depend on their speed of life

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1811) ◽  
pp. 20150322 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Juan-Jordá ◽  
I. Mosqueira ◽  
J. Freire ◽  
N. K. Dulvy
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Latitudinal Gradients ◽  
Fishing Mortality ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Exploitation Status

Larger-bodied species in a wide range of taxonomic groups including mammals, fishes and birds tend to decline more steeply and are at greater risk of extinction. Yet, the diversity in life histories is governed not only by body size, but also by time-related traits. A key question is whether this size-dependency of vulnerability also holds, not just locally, but globally across a wider range of environments. We test the relative importance of size- and time-related life-history traits and fishing mortality in determining population declines and current exploitation status in tunas and their relatives. We use high-quality datasets of half a century of population trajectories combined with population-level fishing mortalities and life-history traits. Time-related traits (e.g. growth rate), rather than size-related traits (e.g. maximum size), better explain the extent and rate of declines and current exploitation status across tuna assemblages, after controlling for fishing mortality. Consequently, there is strong geographical patterning in population declines, such that populations with slower life histories (found at higher cooler latitudes) have declined most and more steeply and have a higher probability of being overfished than populations with faster life histories (found at tropical latitudes). Hence, the strong, temperature-driven, latitudinal gradients in life-history traits may underlie the global patterning of population declines, fisheries collapses and local extinctions.

Properties of Ethylmethane Sulfonate-Induced Mutations Affecting Life-History Traits in Caenorhabditis elegans and Inferences About Bivariate Distributions of Mutation Effects

Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D Keightley ◽  
Esther K Davies ◽  
Andrew D Peters ◽  
Ruth G Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Induced Mutations ◽  
Bivariate Distributions ◽  
Ethylmethane Sulfonate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Positive Correlations

Abstract The homozygous effects of ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS)-induced mutations in Caenorhabditis elegans are compared across life-history traits. Mutagenesis has a greater effect on early than late reproductive output, since EMS-induced mutations tend to cause delayed reproduction. Mutagenesis changes the mean and variance of longevity much less than reproductive output traits. Mutations that increase total or early productivity are not detected, but the net effect of mutations is to increase and decrease late productivity to approximately equal extents. Although most mutations decrease longevity, a mutant line with increased longevity was found. A flattening of mortality curves with age is noted, particularly in EMS lines. We infer that less than one-tenth of mutations that have fitness effects in natural conditions are detected in the laboratory, and such mutations have moderately large effects (~20% of the mean). Mutational correlations for life-history traits are strong and positive. Correlations between early or late productivity and longevity are of similar magnitude. We develop a maximum-likelihood procedure to infer bivariate distributions of mutation effects. We show that strong mutation-induced genetic correlations do not necessarily imply strong directional correlations between mutational effects, since correlation is also generated by lines carrying different numbers of mutations.

Metabolism and life-history correlates in a lowland and highland population of a terrestrial isopod

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 677-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco A Lardies ◽  
Tamara P Catalán ◽  
Francisco Bozinovic
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Offspring Size ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Maintenance Metabolism

Ectotherms distributed along environmental gradients often show marked variation in physiological and life-history traits. Different life-history phenotypes may be correlated with variations in maintenance metabolism. We measured life-history traits and metabolic rate (VO2) of the common wood louse (Porcellio laevis Latreille, 1804) from a lowland population and a highland population in northern Chile. We measured VO2 at 5, 12, 18, and 25 °C. Wood lice from different altitudes exhibited large variations in life-history traits, which were correlated with changes in VO2. Fecundity of wood lice decreased and egg volume, offspring size, and reproductive output of females increased in highland populations compared with lowland populations. Isopods from the highland had a higher VO2 than those from lowland habitats for almost all temperatures. However, when we considered VO2 at 5 °C, VO2 was lowest in the high-altitude isopods. In addition, since the highest thermal sensitivity values in the VO2–temperature curves were found at the lowest and highest temperature ranges for the highland population rather than for the lowland population, our study did not support the metabolic cold-adaptation hypothesis. We concluded that differences in VO2 between the populations contributed to the difference in reproductive output by wood lice from cold and warm habitats.

Latitudinal gradients in some, but not all, avian life history traits extend into the Arctic

Ibis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 162 (3) ◽  
pp. 801-813
Author(s):  
Michaela Martin ◽  
Anna Drake ◽  
Christine A. Rock ◽  
David J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Latitudinal Gradients ◽  
The Arctic

scholarly journals Life history traits, but not body size, vary systematically along latitudinal gradients on three continents in the widespread yellow dung fly

Ecography ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 2080-2091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolf U. Blanckenhorn ◽  
Stephanie S. Bauerfeind ◽  
David Berger ◽  
Goggy Davidowitz ◽  
Charles W. Fox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Latitudinal Gradients

Influence of seasonal and latitudinal temperature variation on early life-history traits of a coral reef fish

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miwa Takahashi ◽  
Mark I. McCormick ◽  
Philip L. Munday ◽  
Geoffrey P. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Life History ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Latitudinal Gradients ◽  
Lizard Island ◽  
Latitudinal Variations

Temporal and latitudinal gradients in ocean temperature may be useful for predicting the likely responses of marine species to accelerating global warming. Here, we examined seasonal variations in early life-history traits of the reef fish Pomacentrus moluccensis at Lizard Island on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Latitudinal variations were then compared among three locations from Kimbe Bay in Papua New Guinea to the southern GBR (18° latitude). At Lizard Island, a 4°C temperature rise from spring to summer was correlated with a 0.13 mm day−1 increase in pre-settlement growth rates and a 3.28-day decrease in pelagic larval duration (PLD). The latitudinal comparison revealed a non-linear relationship where growth rate and settlement size declined and PLD increased at Kimbe Bay where temperature was the highest of all the study sites. Furthermore, the slopes of latitudinal variations in life-history traits as a function of temperature within the GBR were significantly steeper than those in the temporal analysis. These latitudinal patterns were likely to be shaped by (1) the species thermal reaction norm, (2) local adaptation or (3) location-specific environmental and demographic characteristics. The significant correlations of early life-history traits with natural temperature gradients emphasise the potential sensitivity of reef fish larvae to global warming.

scholarly journals The microbiota influences theDrosophila melanogasterlife history strategy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber W. Walters ◽  
Melinda K. Matthews ◽  
Rachel Hughes ◽  
Jaanna Malcolm ◽  
Seth Rudman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Life History ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Latitudinal Gradients ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Host Life

AbstractOrganismal life history traits are ideally adapted to local environments when an organism has a fitness advantage in one location relative to conspecifics from other geographies. Local adaptation has been best studied across, for example, latitudinal gradients, where organisms may tradeoff between investment in traits that maximize one, but not both, fitness components of somatic maintenance or reproductive output in the context of finite environmental resources. Latitudinal gradients in life history strategies are traditionally attributed to environmentally mediated selection on an animal’s genotype, without any consideration of the possible impact of associated microorganisms (‘microbiota’) on life history traits. Here we show that inDrosophila melanogaster, a key organism for studying local adaptation and life history strategies, associated microorganisms can drive life history variation. First, we reveal that an isogenic fly line reared with different bacteria vary the investment in early reproduction versus somatic maintenance, with little resultant variation in lifetime fitness. Next, we show that in wildDrosophilathe abundance of these same bacteria was correlated with the latitude and life history strategy of the flies, and bacterial abundance was driven at least in part by host genetic selection. Finally, by eliminating or manipulating the microbiota of fly lines collected across a latitudinal gradient, we reveal that host genotype contributes to latitude-specific life history traits independent of the microbiota; but that the microbiota can override these host genetic adaptations. Taken together, these findings establish the microbiota as an essential consideration in local adaptation and life history evolution.Significance statementExplanations of local adaptation have historically focused on how animal genotypes respond to environmental selection. Although the impact of variation in host life histories on the composition of the microbiota has been investigated for many associations, the scale and pattern of microbial effects on host life history strategy are largely unknown. Here we demonstrate in the fruit flyDrosophila melanogasterthat microbiota effects on host life history strategy in the laboratory are matched by patterns of microbiota composition in wild host populations. In particular, microbiota composition varies with latitude and the effects of the microbiota on life history traits are greater than host genetic adaptations. Together, these findings demonstrate that the microbiota plays an important role in local adaptation.

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