Metabolism and life-history correlates in a lowland and highland population of a terrestrial isopod

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 677-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco A Lardies ◽  
Tamara P Catalán ◽  
Francisco Bozinovic
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Offspring Size ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Maintenance Metabolism

Ectotherms distributed along environmental gradients often show marked variation in physiological and life-history traits. Different life-history phenotypes may be correlated with variations in maintenance metabolism. We measured life-history traits and metabolic rate (VO2) of the common wood louse (Porcellio laevis Latreille, 1804) from a lowland population and a highland population in northern Chile. We measured VO2 at 5, 12, 18, and 25 °C. Wood lice from different altitudes exhibited large variations in life-history traits, which were correlated with changes in VO2. Fecundity of wood lice decreased and egg volume, offspring size, and reproductive output of females increased in highland populations compared with lowland populations. Isopods from the highland had a higher VO2 than those from lowland habitats for almost all temperatures. However, when we considered VO2 at 5 °C, VO2 was lowest in the high-altitude isopods. In addition, since the highest thermal sensitivity values in the VO2–temperature curves were found at the lowest and highest temperature ranges for the highland population rather than for the lowland population, our study did not support the metabolic cold-adaptation hypothesis. We concluded that differences in VO2 between the populations contributed to the difference in reproductive output by wood lice from cold and warm habitats.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of life-history traits and their response to environmental gradients across multiple marine taxa

Ecosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e02460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurene Pecuchet ◽  
Gabriel Reygondeau ◽  
William W. L. Cheung ◽  
Priscilla Licandro ◽  
P. Daniel van Denderen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Environmental Gradients

scholarly journals Can aphids learn to cope with the pressure of endophytic fungi in their food plants?

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 333-336
Author(s):  
S.A. Härri ◽  
J. Krauss ◽  
C.B. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Test Environment ◽  
Life History Parameters ◽  
Strain Adaptation ◽  
The Difference

Plant-endophyte associations can have major impacts on the dynamics of consumer interaction-webs but long-term effects of mycotoxins and the ability of herbivores to adapt to these toxins have not been studied. To understand the potential of aphids to cope with mycotoxins, we compared the life-history parameters for aphids conditioned for several generations on endophyte-infected plants with those of endophyte-naïve aphids on both endophyteinfected and endophyte-free grasses. Aphids conditioned on endophyte-infected plants produced more offspring during the first days of adulthood than endophyte-naïve aphids independent of the endophyte infection of the test environment. However, the endophyte-conditioned aphids tended to have a shorter lifespan, which resulted in similar numbers of total offspring produced for endophyte-conditioned and endophyte-naïve aphids. The difference in life-history parameters caused by the conditioning environment suggests that the effects of endophytes on herbivore life-history traits may represent an adaptive change that should be considered in future studies of endophyte-herbivore interactions. Keywords: Rhopalosiphum padi, Neotyphodium lolii, Lolium perenne, common strain, adaptation, long-term effects, microbes, endosymbionts, reproductive strategy, life-history traits

scholarly journals Large herbivore migration plasticity along environmental gradients in Europe: life-history traits modulate forage effects

Oikos ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wibke Peters ◽  
Mark Hebblewhite ◽  
Atle Mysterud ◽  
Daniel Eacker ◽  
A. J. Mark Hewison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Large Herbivore

scholarly journals Mismatches between demographic niches and geographic distributions are strongest in poorly dispersed and highly persistent plant species

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (7) ◽  
pp. 3663-3669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörn Pagel ◽  
Martina Treurnicht ◽  
William J. Bond ◽  
Tineke Kraaij ◽  
Henning Nottebrock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Geographic Distributions

The ecological niche of a species describes the variation in population growth rates along environmental gradients that drives geographic range dynamics. Niches are thus central for understanding and forecasting species’ geographic distributions. However, theory predicts that migration limitation, source–sink dynamics, and time-lagged local extinction can cause mismatches between niches and geographic distributions. It is still unclear how relevant these niche–distribution mismatches are for biodiversity dynamics and how they depend on species life-history traits. This is mainly due to a lack of the comprehensive, range-wide demographic data needed to directly infer ecological niches for multiple species. Here we quantify niches from extensive demographic measurements along environmental gradients across the geographic ranges of 26 plant species (Proteaceae; South Africa). We then test whether life history explains variation in species’ niches and niche–distribution mismatches. Niches are generally wider for species with high seed dispersal or persistence abilities. Life-history traits also explain the considerable interspecific variation in niche–distribution mismatches: poorer dispersers are absent from larger parts of their potential geographic ranges, whereas species with higher persistence ability more frequently occupy environments outside their ecological niche. Our study thus identifies major demographic and functional determinants of species’ niches and geographic distributions. It highlights that the inference of ecological niches from geographical distributions is most problematic for poorly dispersed and highly persistent species. We conclude that the direct quantification of ecological niches from demographic responses to environmental variation is a crucial step toward a better predictive understanding of biodiversity dynamics under environmental change.

scholarly journals Estimation of Fitness of Normal and Stylopized Paddy Pest, White Leafhopper Cofana spectra (Distant) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), in West Bengal, India through Correlation of Life History Traits

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. IJIS.S13029
Author(s):  
Sangita Mitra ◽  
Rupa Harsha ◽  
Niladri Hazra ◽  
Abhijit Mazumdar
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

The assessment of the morphological and reproductive features of white rice leafhopper Cofana spectra (Distant) was carried out using selected characters that bear importance in determining the fitness at the individual and population levels. Morphometric measurements of the individuals reared in the laboratory as normal and stylopized with the strepsipteran parasitoid, Halictophagus australensis Perkins, were recorded and analyzed. A t-test was performed to justify whether parasitization by H. australensis affected the traits. Correlations and regression analyses were carried out to deduce the difference in relative importance of the morphological features in the life history of C. spectra and their variation because of stylopization by H. australensis. A principal component analysis (PCA) was applied on the morphometric data to further substantiate the difference observed in the traits. In case of stylopized white leafhopper (WLH), fecundity was inhibited almost completely irrespective of seasons. The effect of stylopization on the life history traits of C. spectra has been noted that supports its possible use in biocontrol.

scholarly journals Selection is stronger in early-versus-late stages of divergence in a Neotropical livebearing fish

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 20151022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer J. Ingley ◽  
Jerald B. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectory ◽  
Trait Evolution ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Livebearing Fish ◽  
Late Stages ◽  
Over Time

How selection acts to drive trait evolution at different stages of divergence is of fundamental importance in our understanding of the origins of biodiversity. Yet, most studies have focused on a single point along an evolutionary trajectory. Here, we provide a case study evaluating the strength of divergent selection acting on life-history traits at early-versus-late stages of divergence in Brachyrhaphis fishes. We find that the difference in selection is stronger in the early-diverged population than the late-diverged population, and that trait differences acquired early are maintained over time.

Parental crowding influences life-history traits inLocusta migratoriafemales

2009 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.-P. Chapuis ◽  
L. Crespin ◽  
A. Estoup ◽  
A. Augé-Sabatier ◽  
A. Foucart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Parental Influence ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Life History Trait ◽  
Offspring Size ◽  
Potential Implication ◽  
Generational Effects ◽  
History Of

AbstractParental environments could play an important role in controlling insect outbreaks, provided they influence changes in physiological, developmental or behavioural life-history traits related to fluctuations in population density. However, the potential implication of parental influence in density-related changes in life-history traits remains unclear in many insects that exhibit fluctuating population dynamics, particularly locusts. In this study, we report a laboratory experiment, which enabled us to characterize the life-history trait modifications induced by parental crowding of female individuals from a frequently outbreaking population ofLocusta migratoria(Linnaeus) (Orthoptera: Acrididae). We found that a rearing history of crowding led to reduced female oviposition times and increased offspring size but did not affect the developmental time, survival, fecundity, and the sex-ratio and the number of offspring. Because all studied females were raised in a common environment (isolation conditions), these observed reproductive differences are due to trans-generational effects induced by density. We discuss the ecological and evolutionary implications of the observed density-dependent parental effects on the life-history ofL. migratoria.

Life-history variation among populations of Canadian Toads in Alberta, Canada

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 1421-1430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian R Eaton ◽  
Cynthia A Paszkowski ◽  
Kent Kristensen ◽  
Michelle Hiltz
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Age At Maturity ◽  
Life History Variation ◽  
Size At Age ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Conservation Plans ◽  
Toad Bufo ◽  
Latitudinal Range

Development of appropriate conservation plans relies on life-history information and how life-history traits vary across populations of a species. Such data are lacking for many amphibians, including the Canadian Toad (Bufo hemiophrys Cope, 1886). Here we use skeletochronology to estimate size at age, growth rates, age at maturity, and longevity of toads from nine populations along a latitudinal gradient in Alberta, Canada. Size of individual toads within each year class was highly variable, but age and size (measured as snout-to-urostyle length) were significantly related for almost all populations. The largest individuals were found in the southern-most population, while the smallest toads were found in three populations from the middle of the latitudinal range studied. Growth rates were highest in the southern-most population and lowest at the three populations with relatively small individuals. Maximum age was from 7 to 12 years for the populations sampled. The oldest individuals were found in populations in the middle of the latitudinal range sampled; toads in these populations were smaller than those in all other populations. Age at maturity was 1 year old for males and 2 years old for females in most populations. This study shows that some life-history traits exhibit significant variation between Canadian Toad populations, suggesting that effective conservation of this species will need to include population or area-specific management.

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