scholarly journals Lateral position preference in grazing feral horses

Ethology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Sota Inoue ◽  
Shinya Yamamoto ◽  
Monamie Ringhofer ◽  
Renata S. Mendonça ◽  
Satoshi Hirata
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Position ◽  
Position Preference ◽  
Feral Horses

A simple way for producing holographic filters suitable for image improvement

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 226-227
Author(s):  
K.-H. Herrmann ◽  
E. Reuber ◽  
P. Schiske
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Diffraction Order ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Wiener Filters ◽  
Image Improvement ◽  
Optical Reconstruction ◽  
Set Up

Aposteriori deblurring of high resolution electron micrographs of weak phase objects can be performed by holographic filters [1,2] which are arranged in the Fourier domain of a light-optical reconstruction set-up. According to the diffraction efficiency and the lateral position of the grating structure, the filters permit adjustment of the amplitudes and phases of the spatial frequencies in the image which is obtained in the first diffraction order.In the case of bright field imaging with axial illumination, the Contrast Transfer Functions (CTF) are oscillating, but real. For different imageforming conditions and several signal-to-noise ratios an extensive set of Wiener-filters should be available. A simple method of producing such filters by only photographic and mechanical means will be described here.A transparent master grating with 6.25 lines/mm and 160 mm diameter was produced by a high precision computer plotter. It is photographed through a rotating mask, plotted by a standard plotter.

Radiographic Prevalence of Osteochondrosis in Yearling Feral Horses

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. Valentino ◽  
E. M. Gaughan ◽  
D. R. Biller ◽  
R. H. Raub ◽  
J. D. Lillich
Keyword(s):  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Feral Horses ◽  
Metacarpophalangeal Joints ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Domestic Horses ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Metatarsophalangeal Joints

The purpose of the study is to document the prevalence of articular surface osteochondrosis lesions in feral horses. Eighty yearling feral horses were used. Radiographic images of the left stifle, both tarsocrural, metatarsophalangeal, metacarpophalangeal joints were taken. Radiographs were examined for the presence of osteochondral fragmentation and abnormal outline of subchondral bone suggestive of osteochondrosis. The prevalence of each lesion was calculated for each joint as well as for overall prevalence within the group, the latter being 6.25%. Typical osteochondrosis lesions were found within the tarsocrural and metatarsophalangeal joints. Based on the difference in prevalence of osteochondrosis between feral and certain domestic horses, management practices and perhaps genetic base may have a greater influence on the development of the disease in horses than trauma alone.

Larval and juvenile development of the Iceland cockle Ciliatocardium ciliatum (Fabricius, 1780) (Bivalvia: Cardiidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 324 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-251
Author(s):  
L.P. Flyachinskaya ◽  
P.A. Lezin
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Position ◽  
Larval Shell ◽  
Subtidal Zone ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Posterior Shoulder ◽  
Blade Shape ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lateral Structures ◽  
Juvenile Development ◽  
Concentric Structure

The paper considers the development of Ciliatocardium ciliatum from the stage of straight hinge to juvenile. In the White Sea the spawning of C. ciliatum begins at the end of June, larvae at different stages of development occur in plankton until the end of September. The earliest of the larvae found had shell lengths of 123–130 µm. The paper first examined the anatomy and structure of the larval shell of C. ciliatum. During the development, the main stages of organogenesis were described and special attention was paid to the formation of the digestive and muscular systems. The digestive system begins to function when the larva reaches a size of 170–180 µm. The digestive gland has a two-blade shape and is shifted to the right side. The foot is formed at a size of 230 µm, the gill rudiments appear when the larva reaches 270 µm. The development of the larval shell and larval hinge of the mollusc is considered in detail. The development of the larval shell of C. ciliatum is similar to the development of other family members. Throughout all the larval stages, the shell has a rounded shape with a low umbos, and the prodissoconch II has a clearly visible concentric structure. The C. ciliatum larval hinge is characterized by weak differentiation and the absence of pronounced cardinal teeth typical for other Cardiidae. However, the lateral structures of the castle – ridges and flanges – are well developed. The ligament begins to form at a size of 240–250 µm and occupies a lateral position. The settlement of the cockle takes place in September in the subtidal zone. After the metamorphosis, a large radial sculpture is formed on the dissoconch and a number of small spikes are formed at the rib of the posterior shoulder.

scholarly journals Bicycle Speed Modelling Considering Cyclist Characteristics, Vehicle Type and Track Attributes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Xingchen Yan ◽  
Xiaofei Ye ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Zhen Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Criterion ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
Extreme Value ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Generalized Extreme Value ◽  
Vehicle Type ◽  
Lane Width ◽  
Bike Sharing ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Best Fit

Cycling is an increasingly popular mode of transport as part of the response to air pollution, urban congestion, and public health issues. The emergence of bike sharing programs and electric bicycles have also brought about notable changes in cycling characteristics, especially cycling speed. In order to provide a better basis for bicycle-related traffic simulations and theoretical derivations, the study aimed to seek the best distribution for bicycle riding speed considering cyclist characteristics, vehicle type, and track attributes. K-means clustering was performed on speed subcategories while selecting the optimal number of clustering using L method. Then, 15 common models were fitted to the grouped speed data and Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Akaike information criterion, and Bayesian information criterion were applied to determine the best-fit distribution. The following results were acquired: (1) bicycle speed sub-clusters generated by the combinations of bicycle type, bicycle lateral position, gender, age, and lane width were grouped into three clusters; (2) Among the common distribution, generalized extreme value, gamma and lognormal were the top three models to fit the three clusters of speed dataset; and (3) integrating stability and overall performance, the generalized extreme value was the best-fit distribution of bicycle speed.

scholarly journals Gravity determines the direction of nerve roots sedimentation in the lumbar spinal canal

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Yang ◽  
Zhiyun Feng ◽  
Nian Chen ◽  
Zhenhua Hong ◽  
Yongyu Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Ventral Side ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
Dorsal Side ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dural Sac

Abstract Objectives To investigate the role of gravity in the sedimentation of lumbar spine nerve roots using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of various body positions. Methods A total of 56 patients, who suffered from back pain and underwent conventional supine lumbar spine MR imaging, were selected from sanmen hospital database. All the patients were called back to our hospital to perform MR imaging in prone position or lateral position. Furthermore, the sedimentation sign (SedSign) was determined based on the suspension of the nerve roots in the dural sac on cross-sectional MR images, and 31 cases were rated as positive and another 25 cases were negative. Results The mean age of negative SedSign group was significantly younger than that of positive SedSign group (51.7 ± 8.7 vs 68.4 ± 10.5, P < 0.05). The constitutions of clinical diagnosis were significantly different between patients with a positive SedSign and those with a negative SedSign (P < 0.001). Overall, nerve roots of the vast majority of patients (48/56, 85.7%) subsided to the ventral side of the dural sac on the prone MR images, although that of 8 (14.3%) patients remain stay in the dorsal side of dural sac. Nerve roots of only one patient with negative SedSign did not settle to the ventral dural sac, while this phenomenon occurred in 7 patients in positive SedSign group (4% vs 22.6%, P < 0.001). In addition, the nerve roots of all the five patients subsided to the left side of dural sac on lateral position MR images. Conclusions The nerve roots sedimentation followed the direction of gravity. Positive SedSign may be a MR sign of lumbar pathology involved the spinal canal.

Sequential Optimization of an Emergency Response Vehicle’s Intra-Link Movement in a Partially Connected Vehicle Environment

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110179
Author(s):  
Gaby Joe Hannoun ◽  
Pamela Murray-Tuite ◽  
Kevin Heaslip ◽  
Thidapat Chantem
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Sequential Optimization ◽  
Connected Vehicles ◽  
Linear Programs ◽  
Connected Vehicle ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
New Approach

This paper introduces a semi-automated system that facilitates emergency response vehicle (ERV) movement through a transportation link by providing instructions to downstream non-ERVs. The proposed system adapts to information from non-ERVs that are nearby and downstream of the ERV. As the ERV passes stopped non-ERVs, new non-ERVs are considered. The proposed system sequentially executes integer linear programs (ILPs) on transportation link segments with information transferred between optimizations to ensure ERV movement continuity. This paper extends a previously developed mathematical program that was limited to a single short segment. The new approach limits runtime overhead without sacrificing effectiveness and is more suitable to dynamic systems. It also accommodates partial market penetration of connected vehicles using a heuristic reservation approach, making the proposed system beneficial in the short-term future. The proposed system can also assign the ERV to a specific lateral position at the end of the link, a useful capability when next entering an intersection. Experiments were conducted to develop recommendations to reduce computation times without compromising efficiency. When compared with the current practice of moving to the nearest edge, the system reduces ERV travel time an average of 3.26 s per 0.1 mi and decreases vehicle interactions.

scholarly journals Spatial Decomposition of a Broadband Pulse Caused by Strong Frequency Dispersion of Sound in Acoustic Metamaterial Superlattice

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Yuqi Jin ◽  
Yurii Zubov ◽  
Teng Yang ◽  
Tae-Youl Choi ◽  
Arkadii Krokhin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Pulse ◽  
Frequency Dispersion ◽  
Transmission Band ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
Operating Frequency ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Frequency Spectra ◽  
Acoustic Metamaterial ◽  
Superlattice Structure ◽  
Broadband Pulse

An acoustic metamaterial superlattice is used for the spatial and spectral deconvolution of a broadband acoustic pulse into narrowband signals with different central frequencies. The operating frequency range is located on the second transmission band of the superlattice. The decomposition of the broadband pulse was achieved by the frequency-dependent refraction angle in the superlattice. The refracted angle within the acoustic superlattice was larger at higher operating frequency and verified by numerical calculated and experimental mapped sound fields between the layers. The spatial dispersion and the spectral decomposition of a broadband pulse were studied using lateral position-dependent frequency spectra experimentally with and without the superlattice structure along the direction of the propagating acoustic wave. In the absence of the superlattice, the acoustic propagation was influenced by the usual divergence of the beam, and the frequency spectrum was unaffected. The decomposition of the broadband wave in the superlattice’s presence was measured by two-dimensional spatial mapping of the acoustic spectra along the superlattice’s in-plane direction to characterize the propagation of the beam through the crystal. About 80% of the frequency range of the second transmission band showed exceptional performance on decomposition.

scholarly journals Effects of Slaughter Positions on Catecholamine, Blood Biochemical and Electroencephalogram Changes in Cattle Restrained Using a Modified Mark IV Box

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1979
Author(s):  
Jurhamid Columbres Imlan ◽  
Ubedullah Kaka ◽  
Yong-Meng Goh ◽  
Zulkifli Idrus ◽  
Elmutaz Atta Awad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
Upright Position ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Median Frequency ◽  
Delta Waves ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
Lateral Recumbency

The proper slaughter positioning of animals is among the most crucial factors in animal welfare. The lateral position in Halal slaughter is a technique used around the world by Muslims, with a few practicing the upright position. The literature on the effects of slaughter in upright versus lateral positions on pain and stress is scarce. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of slaughter positions on blood biochemical parameters, plasma catecholamines, and electroencephalographic (EEG) responses. Twenty Brahman crossbred steers were subjected to slaughter in either lateral recumbency (LP) (n = 10) or an upright position (UP) (n = 10). There was a significant increase in adrenaline (p < 0.0001) and noradrenaline (p < 0.05) at T2 compared to T1 in the animals of both groups. A significant difference (p < 0.0001) was observed in the median frequency (MF) and total power (Ptot) of EEG, parameters for pain and stress, between the animals slaughtered in the upright and the lateral position. However, MF and delta waves were significantly higher (p < 0.05) after slaughter in the UP group than in the LP group. The results demonstrate a lesser amount of stress and pain responses among the LP group.

scholarly journals Sage‐Grouse Population Dynamics are Adversely Affected by Overabundant Feral Horses

2021 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 1132-1149
Author(s):  
Peter S. Coates ◽  
Shawn T. O'neil ◽  
Diana A. MuÑoz ◽  
Ian A. Dwight ◽  
John C. Tull
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Sage Grouse ◽  
Feral Horses
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