scholarly journals Morphology of the temporal skull region in tetrapods: research history, functional explanations, and a new comprehensive classification scheme

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Abel ◽  
Ingmar Werneburg
Keyword(s):  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Research History ◽  
Comprehensive Classification ◽  
Functional Explanations

scholarly journals Proposal of a new classification scheme for periocular injuries

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (01) ◽  
pp. 021-028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devi Prasad Mohapatra ◽  
Friji Meethale Thiruvoth ◽  
Ravi Kumar Chittoria ◽  
S. Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Sudhanva Hemant Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Soft Tissue Injuries ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Lateral Canthus ◽  
Aesthetic Appearance ◽  
Adjacent Structures ◽  
Tissue Injuries ◽  
Comprehensive Classification

ABSTRACT Background: Eyelids are important structures and play a role in protecting the globe from trauma, brightness, in maintaining the integrity of tear films and moving the tears towards the lacrimal drainage system and contribute to aesthetic appearance of the face. Ophthalmic trauma is an important cause of morbidity among individuals and has also been responsible for additional cost of healthcare. Periocular trauma involving eyelids and adjacent structures has been found to have increased recently probably due to increased pace of life and increased dependence on machinery. A comprehensive classification of periocular trauma would help in stratifying these injuries as well as study outcomes. Material and Methods: This study was carried out at our institute from June 2015 to Dec 2015. We searched multiple English language databases for existing classification systems for periocular trauma. We designed a system of classification of periocular soft tissue injuries based on clinico-anatomical presentations. This classification was applied prospectively to patients presenting with periocular soft tissue injuries to our department. Results: A comprehensive classification scheme was designed consisting of five types of periocular injuries. A total of 38 eyelid injuries in 34 patients were evaluated in this study. According to the System for Peri-Ocular Trauma (SPOT) classification, Type V injuries were most common. SPOT Type II injuries were more common isolated injuries among all zones. Discussion: Classification systems are necessary in order to provide a framework in which to scientifically study the etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of diseases in an orderly fashion. The SPOT classification has taken into account the periocular soft tissue injuries i.e., upper eyelid, lower eyelid, medial and lateral canthus injuries., based on observed clinico-anatomical patterns of eyelid injuries. Conclusion: The SPOT classification seems to be a reliable system to address eyelid injuries. This classification scheme would guide the ophthalmic and facial reconstructive surgeons to provide optimal outcomes in eyelid injuries. Based on the classification scheme and review of existing literature, an algorithm is presented to facilitate repair and reconstruction.

Synthesizing Single DOF Linkages Via Transition Linkage Identification

2007 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Murray ◽  
Michael L. Turner ◽  
David T. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Single Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Loop Closure ◽  
Single Degree ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Comprehensive Classification ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Selection Of

A linkage is partially classified by identifying those links capable of unceasing and drivable rotation and those that are not. In this paper, we examine several planar single degree-of-freedom linkages to identify all changes to the physical parameters that may alter this classification. The limits on the physical parameters that result in no change in the classification are defined by transition linkages. More rigorously, a transition linkage possesses a configuration at which the matrix defined by the derivative of the loop closure equations with respect to the joint variables loses rank. Transition linkages divide the set of all linkages into different classifications. In the simplest cases studied, transition linkage identification produces a comprehensive classification scheme. In all cases, this identification is used to alter a linkage’s physical parameters without changing its classification and produces insight into the selection of these parameters to produce a desired classification.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Classification of Coronaviruses and Inferred Cross-Host Transmissions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiran Fu ◽  
Marco Pistolozzi ◽  
Xiaofeng Yang ◽  
Zhanglin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Gene Trees ◽  
Robust Classification ◽  
Protein Clusters ◽  
Comprehensive Classification

AbstractIn this work, we present a unified and robust classification scheme for coronaviruses based on concatenated protein clusters. This subsequently allowed us to infer the apparent “horizontal gene transfer” events via reconciliation with the corresponding gene trees, which we argue can serve as a marker for cross-host transmissions. The cases of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 are discussed. Our study provides a possible technical route to understand how coronaviruses evolve and are transmitted to humans.

scholarly journals A Geometric Model for the Coiling of an Elastic Rod Deployed Onto a Moving Substrate

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad K. Jawed ◽  
Pierre-Thomas Brun ◽  
Pedro M. Reis
Keyword(s):  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Contact Point ◽  
Elastic Rod ◽  
Sewing Machine ◽  
Physical Insight ◽  
Comprehensive Classification ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Coiling Process ◽  
Moving Substrate

We report results from a systematic numerical investigation of the nonlinear patterns that emerge when a slender elastic rod is deployed onto a moving substrate; a system also known as the elastic sewing machine (ESM). The discrete elastic rods (DER) method is employed to quantitatively characterize the coiling patterns, and a comprehensive classification scheme is introduced based on their Fourier spectrum. Our analysis yields physical insight on both the length scales excited by the ESM, as well as the morphology of the patterns. The coiling process is then rationalized using a reduced geometric model (GM) for the evolution of the position and orientation of the contact point between the rod and the belt, as well as the curvature of the rod near contact. This geometric description reproduces almost all of the coiling patterns of the ESM and allows us to establish a unifying bridge between our elastic problem and the analogous patterns obtained when depositing a viscous thread onto a moving surface; a well-known system known as the fluid-mechanical sewing machine (FMSM).

scholarly journals Novel Classification Scheme for Multi Agents

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (S3) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ali Shaik ◽  
P. Praveen ◽  
R. Vijaya Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Agents ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Major Mode ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Comprehensive Classification ◽  
Multi Agents

Multi agent is that the broader space that is developing at a fast pace towards analysis and development of distinct vary of topics. These areas agitate numerous methodologies towards the agent style and comprehensive classification theme. During this paper we tend to establish major mode aspects of software package agents, then provides an summary of existing ontologies, and combines the most effective aspects of those themes to propose a brand new classification scheme. So as an instance the classifications, the JACK Intelligent Agents design is delineate within the context of the theme.

scholarly journals Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Postapproval Monitoring Programs: A Proposed Comprehensive Classification Scheme

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-131
Author(s):  
Stacy L Pritt ◽  
Trina M Smith
Keyword(s):  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Animal Research ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Research Staff ◽  
Research Oversight ◽  
History Of ◽  
Comprehensive Classification ◽  
Animal Care

Introduced over 20 y ago, IACUCs undertaking postapproval monitoring (PAM) of animal research procedures as a means to ensure researcher compliance is now widely used as an oversight tool in laboratory animal research. Through a literature review evaluating the history of PAM in the United States, discussions of controversy surrounding PAM activities, and reflections on how PAM activities are described within the IACUC community, we present an up-to-date and comprehensive classification system for PAM program methodologies that could serve to standardize how such activities are characterized in IACUC policies, communicated to research staff, used in training programs, implemented for the desired impact by individuals involved in animal research oversight, and referenced by regulatory agencies.

scholarly journals Reflection as an Applied Problem in Psychology

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.K. Vasilev
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Applied Problem ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Methodological Procedures ◽  
Comprehensive Classification ◽  
Application Programs

The article presents some of the procedures and the results of a detailed study on reflection: analysis of the previous philosophical ideas and views, basic psychological concepts for reflection, classification of its types and species. Through specially selected and developed methodological procedures for the theoretical analysis the author has synthesized a thorough understanding of the nature of reflection as a complex phenomenon manifested in different modes — types and species. Proposed is a comprehensive classification scheme of reflection in which are divided it’s four types. Specifically addressed are the opportunities, the approaches and some achievements in converting theoretical ideas into practical application-programs, methodologies and technologies based on our knowledge of reflection. Analysis of the theoretical basis for the formation of a new, independent type of reflection — praxeological and its peculiarities. The author presents the basic guidelines and some results from the study of this fascinating human phenomenon — reflection.

scholarly journals Pour un manuel de légistique

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 993-1007
Author(s):  
Denis Le May
Keyword(s):  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
Retrieval Method ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Comprehensive Classification

The purpose of this paper is to advocate the creation of a legislative drafting manual that would suit the needs of all those concerned with the legislative process. The order and editing of the Manual are examined in two successive parts. The proposed Manual outlines an editing, conservation and retrieval method. A comprehensive classification scheme would cover all steps, all aspects and all fields of legislation. An editor / coordinator would assure control and follow-up on the Manual which would be published in parts, through a Bulletin. The classification scheme would allow users to classify all sections or parts according to their needs.

Statistical analysis of classification

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
T. J. Deeming
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Amount Of Information

If we make a set of measurements, such as narrow-band or multicolour photo-electric measurements, which are designed to improve a scheme of classification, and in particular if they are designed to extend the number of dimensions of classification, i.e. the number of classification parameters, then some important problems of analytical procedure arise. First, it is important not to reproduce the errors of the classification scheme which we are trying to improve. Second, when trying to extend the number of dimensions of classification we have little or nothing with which to test the validity of the new parameters.Problems similar to these have occurred in other areas of scientific research (notably psychology and education) and the branch of Statistics called Multivariate Analysis has been developed to deal with them. The techniques of this subject are largely unknown to astronomers, but, if carefully applied, they should at the very least ensure that the astronomer gets the maximum amount of information out of his data and does not waste his time looking for information which is not there. More optimistically, these techniques are potentially capable of indicating the number of classification parameters necessary and giving specific formulas for computing them, as well as pinpointing those particular measurements which are most crucial for determining the classification parameters.

Introductory paper

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
W. W. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Line Intensity ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Spectral Classification ◽  
Dimensional Array ◽  
Rr Lyrae ◽  
Metallic Line ◽  
Introductory Paper ◽  
Parameter Varying ◽  
Definition Of

1. The definition of “normal” stars in spectral classification changes with time; at the time of the publication of theYerkes Spectral Atlasthe term “normal” was applied to stars whose spectra could be fitted smoothly into a two-dimensional array. Thus, at that time, weak-lined spectra (RR Lyrae and HD 140283) would have been considered peculiar. At the present time we would tend to classify such spectra as “normal”—in a more complicated classification scheme which would have a parameter varying with metallic-line intensity within a specific spectral subdivision.

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