Activation energy analysis of X-ray irradiation on P-N diode

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itsara Srithanachai ◽  
Surasak Niemcharoen
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
X Ray

EXELFS Studies of Carbon Fibers

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-73
Author(s):  
V. Serin ◽  
K. Hssein ◽  
G. Zanchi ◽  
J. Sévely
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Electron Excitation ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
High Modulus ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fine Structures ◽  
X Ray Absorption

The present developments of electron energy analysis in the microscopes by E.E.L.S. allow an accurate recording of the spectra and of their different complex structures associated with the inner shell electron excitation by the incident electrons (1). Among these structures, the Extended Energy Loss Fine Structures (EXELFS) are of particular interest. They are equivalent to the well known EXAFS oscillations in X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Due to the EELS characteristic, the Fourier analysis of EXELFS oscillations appears as a promising technique for the characterization of composite materials, the major constituents of which are low Z elements. Using EXELFS, we have developed a microstructural study of carbon fibers. This analysis concerns the carbon K edge, which appears in the spectra at 285 eV. The purpose of the paper is to compare the local short range order, determined by this way in the case of Courtauld HTS and P100 ex-polyacrylonitrile carbon fibers, which are high tensile strength (HTS) and high modulus (HM) fibers respectively.

X-Ray and Raman Studies of Interlayer Mixing in SimGem Superlattices

1991 ◽  
Vol 220 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Bowman ◽  
P. M. Adams ◽  
S. J. Chang ◽  
V. Arbet-Engels ◽  
K. L. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Vacancy Mechanism ◽  
Strained Si ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scattering Measurements ◽  
Intensity Changes ◽  
Interface Mixing ◽  
Interdiffusion Coefficients

ABSTRACTInterface mixing between the Ge and Si layers in symmetrically strained SimGem superlattices occurs during post growth thermal anneals. Interdiffusion coefficients were obtained from intensity changes in the low angle superlattice x-ray satellites on samples with nominal periodicities between 1.4nm and 5.6nm. A common activation energy of 3.0±0.1 eV was found. The bulk interdiffusion coefficients for SimGem were derived since measurements were made on samples with different layer thicknesses. Intermixing appears to occur by diffusion of Si atoms into the Ge layers via a vacancy mechanism. Raman scattering measurements support this process as well as the formation of Si1−xGex, alloy layers during the anneals.

Crystallization of Zn-rich and P-rich amorphous Zn3P2 thin films

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Arsenault ◽  
D. E. Brodie
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Activation Energy ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Conductivity Activation Energy ◽  
X Ray

Zn-rich and P-rich amorphous Zn3P2 thin films were prepared by co-evaporation of the excess element during the normal Zn3P2 deposition. X-ray diffraction techniques were used to investigate the structural properties and the crystallization process. Agglomeration of the excess element within the as-made amorphous Zn3P2 thin film accounted for the structural properties observed after annealing the sample. Electrical measurements showed that excess Zn reduces the conductivity activation energy and increases the conductivity, while excess P up to 15 at.% does not alter the electrical properties significantly.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Nanobentonite as Heavy Metal Adsorbent with Various Solvents

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 1854-1857
Author(s):  
Makmur Sirait ◽  
Saharman Gea ◽  
Nurdin Bukit ◽  
Nurdin Siregar ◽  
Ceria Sitorus
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Atomic Adsorption ◽  
Heavy Metal Adsorbent ◽  
Scanning Electron

The nanobentonite has been synthesized from natural bentonite taken from Tapanuli Utara, Indonesia using coprecipitation method with various solvents (HCl, H2SO4, and HNO3). Its properties as a metal adsorbent were investigated by Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometry. X-Ray Diffraction analysis revealed that the bentonite produced is in nanometer scale. The characterization results obtained from the SiO2single phase with highest dhkl was at millier index (101) with 2 of 21.9o, 22.0o, 22.07o respectively. The results of Microscope-Scanning Electron Energy analysis of nanobentonite dispersion indicated a reduction in agglomeration and finer nanobentonite surface. The Surface Area Analyzer results showed the SBET nanobentonite for solvent variation of HCL, H2SO4, and HNO3 respectively were 731.76 m2/g, 868.11 m2/g, 493.97 m2/ g. Lastly, Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometric test showed that the optimal absorption of the metal content possessed by variety of HCl and nanobentonites with adsorption power of 91.16% for Pb, 76.39% for Cu, and 82.74% Co.

scholarly journals Production of zinc oxide from hazardous waste - Sal Ammoniac Skimming

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-384
Author(s):  
J. Piroskova ◽  
J. Trpcevska ◽  
D. Orac ◽  
M. Laubertova ◽  
H. Horvathova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Complete Dissolution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hydrometallurgical Treatment ◽  
Leaching Reaction ◽  
Hcl Solution

This article deals with hydrometallurgical treatment with the subsequent precipitation of zinc from hazardous waste Sal- Ammoniac Skimming produced in wet hot-dip galvanizing process. Chemical analysis showed that skimming contained 46.64% Zn. X-ray diffraction analysis identified the Zn(OH)Cl phase (96.36%) and NH4Cl (3.64%) in Sal-Ammoniac Skimming. The skimming was first subjected to leaching in order to extract zinc into the solution containing HCl, followed by precipitation of the zinc. The experiments were performed in a medium of HCl at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2M. Complete dissolution of zinc was achieved in 0.5M HCl solution, at 40?C, L:S=20, max. 30 min. The apparent activation energy of leaching reaction by hydrochloric acid solution was Ea=5.543 kJ mol-1. Zn precipitation was carried out using Na2CO3 and NaOH. Zinc oxide with a purity of about 99% was obtained directly from the solution of 6M NaOH at a temperature of 60?C ? 80?Cat pH 8.8.

scholarly journals Formation of metal oxide-based hydroxysodalite by alkali-activation of kaolinite

Chemija ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehab AlShamaileh ◽  
Muayad Esaifan ◽  
Qusay Abu-Afifeh
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Alkali Activation ◽  
Dsc Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrd Study ◽  
Dsc Curves

The formation of metal oxide-based hydroxysodalite by alkali-activation of kaolinite is studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) study and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. Different metal oxides (CoO, MgO, FeO and SiO2) were used to form the metal oxide-based hydroxysodalite. The transformation from kaolinite into hydroxysodalite is confirmed by XRD. In the thermodynamic study, the maximum peak temperatures for DSC curves at various heating rates were used to determine the activation energy (Ea) of the hydroxysodalite formation. With magnesium oxide and cobalt oxide, the formation process was found to be exothermic while it was endothermic with iron oxide.

Cu-based metal-organic frameworks for highly sensitive X‑ray detector

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Li ◽  
Shuquan Chang ◽  
Haiqian Zhang ◽  
Yong Hu ◽  
Yulong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
High Activation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Activation Energy ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Metal Organic

Here, we constructed Pb-free Cu-DABDT-MOFs-based (DABDT = 2,5-diamino-1,4-benzenedithiol dihydrochloride) X-ray detectors. Combined with the advantage of high activation energy, Cu-DABDT-MOFs-based detector can effectively generate and capture electron under X-ray exposure...

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