An ac impedance in situ methodology for assessing high reliability performance of plastic encapsulated microelectronics in harsh environments

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lumsden ◽  
J. Kuo ◽  
G. Pollock
Keyword(s):  
High Reliability ◽  
Ac Impedance ◽  
Harsh Environments ◽  
Reliability Performance

scholarly journals A 1T2C FeCAP-Based In-Situ Bitwise X(N)OR Logic Operation with Two-Step Write-Back Circuit for Accelerating Compute-In-Memory

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 385
Author(s):  
Qiao Wang ◽  
Donglin Zhang ◽  
Yulin Zhao ◽  
Chao Liu ◽  
Qiao Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonvolatile Memory ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Charge Sharing ◽  
Operation Speed ◽  
Sharing Function ◽  
Logic Operations ◽  
A Charge ◽  
Process Compatibility ◽  
Ferroelectric Capacitors

Ferroelectric capacitors (FeCAPs) with high process compatibility, high reliability, ultra-low programming current and fast operation speed are promising candidates to traditional volatile and nonvolatile memory. In addition, they have great potential in the fields of storage, computing, and memory logic. Nevertheless, effective methods to realize logic and memory in FeCAP devices are still lacking. This study proposes a 1T2C FeCAP-based in situ bitwise X(N)OR logic based on a charge-sharing function. First, using the 1T2C structure and a two-step write-back circuit, the nondestructive reading is realized with less complexity than the previous work. Second, a method of two-line activation is used during the operation of X(N)OR. The verification results show that the speed, area and power consumption of the proposed 1T2C FeCAP-based bitwise logic operations are significantly improved.

Integrity Assurance of an Oil Transportation Pipeline in a Transformed Design Environment

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitabh Kumar ◽  
Brian McShane ◽  
Mark McQueen
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Complex Loading ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Design Environment ◽  
Data Feedback ◽  
Integrity Management

A large Oil and Gas pipeline gathering system is commonly used to transport processed oil and gas from an offshore platform to an onshore receiving facility. High reliability and integrity for continuous operation of these systems is crucial to ensure constant supply of hydrocarbon to the onshore processing facility and eventually to market. When such a system is exposed to a series of complex environmental loadings, it is often difficult to predict the response path, in-situ condition and therefore the system’s ability to withstand subsequent future loading scenarios. In order to continue to operate the pipeline after a significant environmental event, an overall approach needs to be developed to — (a) Understand the system loading and the associated integrity, (b) Develop a series of criteria staging the sequence of actions following an event that will verify the pipeline integrity and (c) Ensure that the integrity management solution is simple and easy to understand so that it can be implemented consistently. For a complex loading scenario, one of the main challenges is the ability to predict the controlling parameter(s) that drives the global integrity of these systems. In such scenarios, the presence of numerous parameters makes the technical modeling and prediction tasks arduous. To address such scenarios, first and foremost, it is crucial to understand the baseline environment data and other associated critical design input elements. If the “design environmental baseline” has transformed (due to large events e.g. storms etc.) from its original condition; it modifies the dynamics of the system. To address this problem, a thorough modeling and assessment of the in-situ condition is essential. Further, a robust calibration method is required to predict the future response path and therefore expected pipeline condition. The study further compares the planned integrity management solutions to the field data to validate the efficiency of the predicted scenarios. By the inclusion of real field-data feedback to the modeling method, balanced integrity solutions can be achieved and the ability to quantify the risks is made more practical and actionable.

scholarly journals Adhesive-Free Bonding of Monolithic Sapphire for Pressure Sensing in Extreme Environments

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 2712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihaeng Yi
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Harsh Environments ◽  
Free Space Optics ◽  
Pressure Sensing ◽  
Space Optics ◽  
Fabry Perot ◽  
Deflection Theory

This paper presents a monolithic sapphire pressure sensor that is constructed from two commercially available sapphire wafers through a combination of reactive-ion etching and wafer bonding. A Fabry–Perot (FP) cavity is sealed fully between the adhesive-free bonded sapphire wafers and thus acts as a pressure transducer. A combination of standard silica fiber, bonded sapphire wafers and free-space optics is proposed to couple the optical signal to the FP cavity of the sensor. The pressure in the FP cavity is measured by applying both white-light interferometry and diaphragm deflection theory over a range of 0.03 to 3.45 MPa at room temperature. With an all-sapphire configuration, the adhesive-free bonded sapphire sensor is expected to be suitable for in-situ pressure measurements in extreme harsh environments.

scholarly journals The Athens Mobile γ-Spectrometry System (AMESOS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
A. Karailias ◽  
V. Lagaki ◽  
C. Katsiva ◽  
A. Kanellakopoulos ◽  
T. J. Mertzimekis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Harsh Environments ◽  
The Public ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Field Operation ◽  
Standard Calibration ◽  
Γ Spectrometry ◽  
The University

We report on a new mobile γ-spectrometry system (AMESOS) developed at the University of Athens. The system aims at carrying out in situ measurements to study distributions of NORM and TENORM at harsh environments or where sampling is difficult. AMESOS has been characterized by using standard calibration sources and minerals of known, independently determined, U and Th concentrations. Simulations of the system have been performed with MCNP and Geant4. As a proof of good field operation, AMESOS was deployed in a series of measurements at Mt. Kithaeron, near Athens, extending earlier data and estimating absorbed dose rates that concern the public.

Process and Evaluation of High Reliability Reworkable Edge Bond Adhesives for Large Area BGA Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (DPC) ◽  
pp. 002018-002053
Author(s):  
Swapan Bhattacharya ◽  
Fei Xie ◽  
Daniel F. Baldwin ◽  
Han Wu ◽  
Kelley Hodge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Process Development ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Harsh Environment ◽  
Mechanical Shock ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Reliability Performance

Reworkable underfills and edge bond adhesives are finding increasing utility in high reliability and harsh environment applications. The ASICs and FPGAs often used in these systems typically require designs incorporating large BGAs and ceramic BGAs. For these high reliability and harsh environment applications, these packages typically require underfill or edge bond materials to achieve the needed thermal cycle, mechanical shock and vibration reliability. Moreover, these applications often incorporate high dollar value printed circuit boards (on the order of thousands or tens of thousands of dollars per PCB) hence the need to rework these assemblies and maintain the integrity of the PCB and high dollar value BGAs. This further complicates the underfill requirements with a reworkability component. Reworkable underfills introduce a number of process issues that can result in significant variability in reliability performance. In contrast, edge bond adhesives provide a high reliability solution with substantial benefits over underfills. One interesting question for the large area BGA applications of reworkable underfills and edge bond materials is the comparison of their reliability performance. This paper presents a study of reliability comparison between two robust selected reworkable underfill and edge bond adhesive in a test vehicle including 11mm, 13mm, and 27mm large area BGAs. Process development for those large area BGA applications was also conducted on the underfill process and edge bond process to determine optimum process conditions. For underfill processing, establishing an underfill process that minimizing/eliminates underfill voids is critical. For edge bond processing, establishing an edge bond that maximizes bond area without encapsulating the solder balls is key to achieving high reliability. In addition, this paper also presents a study of new high performance reworkable edge bond materials designed to improve the reliability of large area BGAs and ceramic BGAs assemblies while maintaining good reworkablity. Four edge bond materials (commercially available) were studied and compared for a test vehicles with 12mm BGAs. The reliability testing protocol included board level thermal cycling (−40 to 125°C), mechanical drop testing (2900 G), and random vibration testing (3 G, 10 – 1000 Hz).

Shared Situation Awareness as a Contributor to High Reliability Performance in Railroad Operations

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 967-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie M. Roth ◽  
Jordan Multer ◽  
Thomas Raslear
Keyword(s):  
Situation Awareness ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Railroad Workers ◽  
Cooperative Strategies ◽  
Location Finding ◽  
Overall Efficiency ◽  
Reliability Performance ◽  
Work Domain ◽  
Shared Situation Awareness

Cooperative strategies of individuals within a distributed organization can contribute to increased efficiency of operations and safety. We examine these processes in the context of a particular work domain: railroad operations. Analyses revealed a variety of informal cooperative strategies that railroad workers have developed that span across multiple railroad crafts including roadway workers, train crews, and railroad dispatchers. These informal, proactive communications foster shared situation awareness across the distributed organization, facilitate work, and contribute to the overall efficiency, safety, and resilience to error of railroad operations. We discuss design implications for leveraging new digital technologies and location-finding systems to more effectively support these informal strategies, enhance shared situation awareness, and promote high reliability performance.

Smart Sensor Technologies for Performance Optimization of Power Generating Assets

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Komandur Sunder Raj
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Wireless Sensors ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Embedded Sensors ◽  
Harsh Environments ◽  
Smart Sensor ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Combustion Monitoring

Abstract Significant research is ongoing on several fronts in smart sensor technologies for optimizing the performance of power generating assets. The initiatives include: 1. Real-time models with advanced computational algorithms, embedded intelligence at sensor and component level for reducing operating costs, improving efficiencies, and lowering emissions. 2. Optical sapphire sensors for monitoring operation and performance of critical components in harsh environments, for improving accuracy of measurements in combustion monitoring, and lowering operating costs. 3. Wireless technologies using (a) microwave acoustic sensors for real-time monitoring of equipment in high temperature/pressure environments (b) integrated gas/temperature acoustic sensors for combustion monitoring in diverse harsh environment locations to improve combustion efficiency, reduce emissions, and lower maintenance costs (c) sensors for sensing temperature, strain and soot accumulation inside coal-fired boilers for detailed condition monitoring, better understanding of combustion and heat exchange processes, improved designs, more efficient operation. 4. Distributed optical fiber sensing system for real-time monitoring and optimization of high temperature profiles for improving efficiency and lowering emissions. 5. Smart parts with embedded sensors for in situ monitoring of multiple parameters in existing and new facilities. 6. Optimizing advanced 3D manufacturing processes for embedded sensors in components for harsh environments to reduce costs and improve efficiency of power generation facilities with carbon capture capabilities. 7. New energy-harvesting materials for powering wireless sensors in harsh environments, improving reliability of wireless sensors in demanding environments, and in-situ monitoring and performance of devices and systems. 8. Real-time, accurate and reliable monitoring of temperature at distributed locations of sensors in harsh environments for improving operations and reducing operating costs. 9. Algorithms and methodologies for designing control systems utilizing distributed intelligence for optimal control of power generation facilities. 10. Gas sensors for monitoring high temperatures in harsh environments for lowering operating costs and better control of operations. 11. Optimizing placement of smart sensors in networks for cognitive behavior and self-learning. This paper provides an overview of the initiatives in smart sensor technologies and their applications in optimizing the performance of power generating facilities.

High Reliability Poly-Oxide Grown on in-situ Phosphorus Doped Amorphous Si

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi KOBAYASHI ◽  
Shinpei IIJIMA ◽  
Atsushi HIRAIWA
Keyword(s):  
High Reliability ◽  
Amorphous Si ◽  
Phosphorus Doped

Development of a Digitally-Controlled Servo Amplifier for Robots

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-161
Author(s):  
Yuji Shindo ◽  
◽  
Takao Wada
Keyword(s):  
Digital Signal Processor ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Current Position ◽  
Power Transistors ◽  
Digitally Controlled ◽  
Reliability Performance ◽  
Signal Processor

Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. has developed a digitally-controlled servo amplifier for robot servo motors. The motor's armature current, position and velocity are controlled by the software in a digital signal processor. The servo is designed for high reliability, performance, flexibility and compactness. To achieve these objectives, we developed an ASIC which controls PWM signals for power transistors and encoder signals. The servo amplifier is currently used in the new Kawasaki AD series of robot controllers.

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