Simulating Distribution Costs: The Case of the Beverage Container

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 3-40
Author(s):  
C.K. Walter
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Costs ◽  
Beverage Container

ALTERNATIVE P-FERTILISERS FOR NORTHLAND SOILS

1986 ◽  
pp. 229-232
Author(s):  
P.W. Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Rock Phosphates ◽  
Distribution Costs ◽  
Phosphate Retention ◽  
Sechura Phosphate Rock ◽  
Local Product ◽  
Application Frequency ◽  
Chatham Rise Phosphorite

Increasing material, processing, and distribution costs have raised superphosphate prices to a point where many farms cannot support the costs of meeting maintenance phosphate requires men& Alternatives to superphosphate, particularly those that have lower processing costs and contain more P, may offer a solution to the problem provided they are agronomically as effective. Phosphate rock may indeed be such an alternative. Preliminary results from a series of five trials in Northland show that on soils of moderate P fertility, with low phosphate retention (PR) and high pH (5.9.6.0), initial pasture growth responses to rock phosphates are smaller than those from single or triple superphosphate. On one soil of higher PR and lower pH, the differences in yield between the rock-phosphates and the super. phosphates were smaller. Of the rock phosphates tested, Sechura and North Carolina (unground and ungranulated) tended to be more effective than ground and granulated Chatham Rise phosphorite. The effect on production of applying fertilisers once every three years, as opposed to annual applications is being investigated using triple superphosphate and Sechura phosphate rock. After two years, production levels appear largely unaffected by differences in application frequency. A comparison of locally-produced superphosphate with a reference standard showed that both performed similarly, indicating that the local product was of satisfactory quality.

Motivating Beverage Container Recycling on a College Campus

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Luyben ◽  
Susan Cummings
Keyword(s):  
College Campus ◽  
Beverage Container

scholarly journals Distribution Costs: An International Digest

1942 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 412
Author(s):  
H. H. Maynard ◽  
Malcolm P. McNair ◽  
Stanley F. Teele ◽  
Francis G. Mulhearn
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Costs

Reducing Distribution Costs in the Grocery Field: A Case Study

1948 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 455
Author(s):  
Rayburn D. Tousley
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Costs

OPTIMASI BIAYA TRANSPORTASI USAHA KELAUTAN : STUDI KASUS UDX KECAMATAN LABUHAN MARINGGAI

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfan Juli Andri ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Transportation Problems ◽  
Distribution Costs ◽  
Shipping Cost

Abstract As a maritime country, Indonesia is given an abundance of marine wealth. In an effort to distribute fish from sea products, fishermen in Labuhan Maringgai District, East Lampung Regency collect their prey to Usaha Dagang X (UDX). UDX has 3 main ordering partners for 3 categories of seafood, namely shrimp, fish and crab. Transportation problems at UDX cause distribution costs to increase in delivery of goods to the customer. This study provides an alternative minimum cost solution that can be issued by UDX in distributing goods that are available using existing limitations. The results showed that the minimum shipping cost was IDR 5281200 where the 3 proposed methods showed the same results but had different alternative options.

scholarly journals Markets: State Franchise Laws, Dealer Terminations, and the Auto Crisis

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francine Lafontaine ◽  
Fiona Scott Morton
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
State Level ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
General Motors ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Distribution Costs ◽  
Retail Prices ◽  
The Government

In fall 2008, General Motors and Chrysler were both on the brink of bankruptcy, and Ford was not far behind. As the government stepped in and restructuring began, GM and Chrysler announced their plan to terminate about 2,200 dealerships. In this paper, we first provide an overview of franchising in car distribution, how it came about, and the legal framework within which it functions. States earn about 20 percent of all state sales taxes from auto dealers. As a result, new car dealerships, and especially local or state car dealership associations, have been able to exert influence over local legislatures. This has led to a set of state laws that almost guarantee dealership profitability and survival—albeit at the expense of manufacturer profits. Available evidence and theory suggests that as a result of these laws, distribution costs and retail prices are higher than they otherwise would be; and this is particularly true for Detroit's Big Three car manufacturers—which is likely a factor contributing to their losses in market share vis-à-vis other manufacturers. After discussing the evidence on the effects of the car franchise laws on dealer profit and car prices, we turn to the interaction of the franchise laws and manufacturers' response to the auto crisis. Last, we consider what car distribution might be like if there were no constraints on organization. We conclude that although the state-level franchise laws came about for a reason, the current crisis perhaps provides an opportunity to reconsider the kind of regulatory framework that would best serve consumers, rather than carmakers or car dealers.

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