scholarly journals Distribution Costs: An International Digest

1942 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 412
Author(s):  
H. H. Maynard ◽  
Malcolm P. McNair ◽  
Stanley F. Teele ◽  
Francis G. Mulhearn
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Costs

ALTERNATIVE P-FERTILISERS FOR NORTHLAND SOILS

1986 ◽  
pp. 229-232
Author(s):  
P.W. Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Rock Phosphates ◽  
Distribution Costs ◽  
Phosphate Retention ◽  
Sechura Phosphate Rock ◽  
Local Product ◽  
Application Frequency ◽  
Chatham Rise Phosphorite

Increasing material, processing, and distribution costs have raised superphosphate prices to a point where many farms cannot support the costs of meeting maintenance phosphate requires men& Alternatives to superphosphate, particularly those that have lower processing costs and contain more P, may offer a solution to the problem provided they are agronomically as effective. Phosphate rock may indeed be such an alternative. Preliminary results from a series of five trials in Northland show that on soils of moderate P fertility, with low phosphate retention (PR) and high pH (5.9.6.0), initial pasture growth responses to rock phosphates are smaller than those from single or triple superphosphate. On one soil of higher PR and lower pH, the differences in yield between the rock-phosphates and the super. phosphates were smaller. Of the rock phosphates tested, Sechura and North Carolina (unground and ungranulated) tended to be more effective than ground and granulated Chatham Rise phosphorite. The effect on production of applying fertilisers once every three years, as opposed to annual applications is being investigated using triple superphosphate and Sechura phosphate rock. After two years, production levels appear largely unaffected by differences in application frequency. A comparison of locally-produced superphosphate with a reference standard showed that both performed similarly, indicating that the local product was of satisfactory quality.

Reducing Distribution Costs in the Grocery Field: A Case Study

1948 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 455
Author(s):  
Rayburn D. Tousley
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Costs

OPTIMASI BIAYA TRANSPORTASI USAHA KELAUTAN : STUDI KASUS UDX KECAMATAN LABUHAN MARINGGAI

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfan Juli Andri ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Transportation Problems ◽  
Distribution Costs ◽  
Shipping Cost

Abstract As a maritime country, Indonesia is given an abundance of marine wealth. In an effort to distribute fish from sea products, fishermen in Labuhan Maringgai District, East Lampung Regency collect their prey to Usaha Dagang X (UDX). UDX has 3 main ordering partners for 3 categories of seafood, namely shrimp, fish and crab. Transportation problems at UDX cause distribution costs to increase in delivery of goods to the customer. This study provides an alternative minimum cost solution that can be issued by UDX in distributing goods that are available using existing limitations. The results showed that the minimum shipping cost was IDR 5281200 where the 3 proposed methods showed the same results but had different alternative options.

scholarly journals Markets: State Franchise Laws, Dealer Terminations, and the Auto Crisis

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francine Lafontaine ◽  
Fiona Scott Morton
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
State Level ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
General Motors ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Distribution Costs ◽  
Retail Prices ◽  
The Government

In fall 2008, General Motors and Chrysler were both on the brink of bankruptcy, and Ford was not far behind. As the government stepped in and restructuring began, GM and Chrysler announced their plan to terminate about 2,200 dealerships. In this paper, we first provide an overview of franchising in car distribution, how it came about, and the legal framework within which it functions. States earn about 20 percent of all state sales taxes from auto dealers. As a result, new car dealerships, and especially local or state car dealership associations, have been able to exert influence over local legislatures. This has led to a set of state laws that almost guarantee dealership profitability and survival—albeit at the expense of manufacturer profits. Available evidence and theory suggests that as a result of these laws, distribution costs and retail prices are higher than they otherwise would be; and this is particularly true for Detroit's Big Three car manufacturers—which is likely a factor contributing to their losses in market share vis-à-vis other manufacturers. After discussing the evidence on the effects of the car franchise laws on dealer profit and car prices, we turn to the interaction of the franchise laws and manufacturers' response to the auto crisis. Last, we consider what car distribution might be like if there were no constraints on organization. We conclude that although the state-level franchise laws came about for a reason, the current crisis perhaps provides an opportunity to reconsider the kind of regulatory framework that would best serve consumers, rather than carmakers or car dealers.

scholarly journals Functioning of the Clothing Networks on the Global Markets - Comparative Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-100
Author(s):  
Monika Malinowska-Olszowy
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Global Markets ◽  
Distribution Costs ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Global Companies ◽  
Marketing Mix Strategy ◽  
Made In

The globalisation process contributes to shaping of many diverse consequences, among others it causes the internationalization of production, new, global division of work, increase of competitiveness, it builds the branches of a globalising business. From the point of view of economy, the phenomenon of globalisation influences the deepening of a free float of commodities, services, resources, capital, work, and also information between the countries. These factors significantly contribute to many changes that are visible in the operations of the latter-day enterprises (Penc 2003, p. 152). One of the consequences of the globalisation process, which is directly connected with the functioning of companies, is the necessity of building and managing the brand. As a result it creates many possibilities to global companies from the textile-clothing sector that want to achieve a market success. However, in order to achieve it one has to fulfill many, constantly increasing, expectations of the buyers. The realisation of these challenges is possible only with the share of two crucial factors: proper competitiveness and progressive marketing strategies. In the clothing sector the partnership networks are being created between the economic subject, because such actions are aimed at minimising the risk, as well as to reducing the production and distribution costs. The most often encountered networks in the textile-clothing branch are the franchising networks. The present article concentrates on the competitiveness aspect of the global clothing networks. A comparative analysis of the action of the commercial clothing networks was made, in order to show some features of its operation and proceeding, while focusing on the specified elements of the marketing-mix strategy. The obtained results allowed to show the differences and similarities in the used marketing strategies.

scholarly journals OPTIMALISASI PENDISTRIBUSIAN BARANG DI PT.SINAR NIAGA SEJAHTERA PALU MENGGUNAKAN METODE GOAL PROGRAMMING

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Hidaen ◽  
A I Jaya ◽  
Resnawati Resnawati
Keyword(s):  
Goal Programming ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Volume Distribution ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Distribution Costs ◽  
Goal Programming Model ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Distribution Cost

PT.Sinar Niaga Sejahtera isone ofdistributorin Palu who distribute products to a variety of shops. Goal Programming is a method that can solve the problem with more than one purposes. The purposes of this study are  to maximize the number of the car and minimize the distribution  cost of  PT.Sinar Niaga Sejahtera. Goal Programming model formulationin this research consistsof 6 priorities and 6 function constraints. The sixth priorities are,warehous capacity, the number of cars used to the distribution of goods to store Sinar Kasih II,store Cahaya Indah, store Bintang  Rezeki, store Hi. Abdullah, and a minimum distribution costs. Constraint functions consist of a number of cars and the cost of distribution. The research results showed that the supply of goods by the warehouse capacity that can fulfiil the necessary distribution of goods during the month amounted to 136.93 or 8.628 box Optimal volume distribution of goods in each store are sequentially Sinar Kasih II which is 2 units with a capacity of 4  or 252 box, Cahaya Indah 3 units with a capacity of 7  or 441 box, Hi. Abdullah 2 units with a capacity of 12 or 756 box and Star 2 cars Rezeki capacity of 4 . This model can save the distribution costs of Rp. 7.127.147 from the previous distribution costs of Rp. 35.000.000.

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