The Influence of the Ionization Chamber on the Form of the Cosmic-Ray Depth-Ionization Curve

1934 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 451-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Eckart
Keyword(s):  
Ionization Chamber ◽  
Cosmic Ray

scholarly journals The nature of large cosmic-ray bursts

1936 ◽  
Vol 154 (881) ◽  
pp. 223-245 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Ionization Chamber ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Recording Apparatus ◽  
Ionization Current ◽  
Continuous Record ◽  
Normal Fluctuations

A continuous record of the ionization current produced by cosmic rays in an ionization chamber shows, if the recording apparatus is sufficiently sensitive, occasional relatively large momentary currents superposed on the normal fluctuations. These large momentary currents are generally called “bursts”. They were first discovered by Hoffmann. It has often been assumed that the bursts are of the same nature as the showers which are observed either in the Wilson chamber or by means of three or more coincidence counters; but so far no conclusive evidence, particularly for the larger bursts, has been reported in support of this assumption.

ON DIURNAL VARIATION IN COSMIC-RAY INTENSITY AT OTTAWA

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 577-587
Author(s):  
S. D. Chatterjee ◽  
J. N. Bloom
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Ionization Chamber ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Cosmic Ray Intensity ◽  
Rigorous Statistical Analysis ◽  
Local Mean ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Barometric Coefficient

Cosmic-ray data from a high pressure integrating ionization chamber, obtained at Ottawa, for 129 complete days during September 1950 to July 1951 are subjected to rigorous statistical analysis. The barometric coefficient is −0.19% per mm. of Hg for the period covered by this analysis. The results also indicate a physically significant 24-hr. wave in cosmic-ray intensity, with an amplitude of 0.12% of the total intensity, having its maximum at about 10.40 a.m. local mean time. The existence of the semidiurnal wave, however, is not physically significant.

scholarly journals The production of cosmic-ray bursts by mesotrons

1944 ◽  
Vol 183 (992) ◽  
pp. 54-64
Keyword(s):  
Ionization Chamber ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Burst Frequency ◽  
Shielding Material

The frequency of occurrence of cosmic-ray bursts under large thicknesses of iron and lead has been investigated as a function of the thickness. A definite maximum is found to occur in the curves for the smaller bursts, its prominence diminishing with bursts of increasing size. The dependence of the burst frequency on the size of the ionization chamber and the proximity of the shielding material to the chamber has also been investigated. The results suggest the production of showers of mesotrons which spread out, and ultimately give rise to electron showers originating in widely separated areas in the material above, and round the sides of, the ionization chamber.

IONIZATION LOSS BY COSMIC-RAY MU-MESONS IN ARGON

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Hall
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Ionization Chamber ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Statistical Distribution ◽  
Experimental Curve ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Ionization Loss ◽  
Electron Collection ◽  
Probable Loss

The ionization of argon by cosmic-ray mu-mesons of minimum specific ionization has been studied by means of a calibrated pressure-ionization chamber using electron collection. Corrections which are shown to be necessary have been applied to the experimental data. The shape of the experimental curve of statistical distribution of energy loss agrees with the theoretically predicted shape, for energy losses greater than the most probable loss (300 kev).

scholarly journals Cosmic-ray bursts and shower spread under large thicknesses of lead

1947 ◽  
Vol 190 (1022) ◽  
pp. 426-434 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ionization Chamber ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Angular Spread ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Shielding Material

The frequency of occurrence of cosmic-ray bursts under large thicknesses of lead and iron has been measured as a function of the thickness, using a small ionization chamber with and without shielding material round its sides. Experiments have also been carried out with two small chambers side by side, the frequency of occurrence of bursts simultaneously in both chambers being observed under different thicknesses of lead. While the burst-rate—thickness curves are, on the whole, fairly flat beyond the first maximum, there are indications of a second maximum at large thicknesses in the case of lead. From the experimental results information has also been obtained about the mean and the maximum angular spread of showers, and the increase in shower spread with increasing size of shower.

THE ALTITUDE EFFECT ON THE SPECIFIC IONIZING POWER AND ZENITH ANGLE DISTRIBUTION OF COSMIC RAYS

1938 ◽  
Vol 16a (2) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darol K. Froman ◽  
J. C. Stearns
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Zenith Angle ◽  
Ionization Chamber ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Angle Distribution ◽  
Altitude Effect ◽  
Counting System ◽  
Chamber Measurements ◽  
Zenith Angle Distribution

Measurements made with a quadruple-coincidence Geiger-Müller counting system at altitudes of 120 and 14,160 ft. give the intensity, J, of cosmic ray ionizing particles at various zenith angles, ψ. The distribution, J(ψ) = J0e−0.175ψ cos2ψ, does not differ significantly from any measured values, and agrees with all observations within 0.5 and 3.0% of the vertical intensities at the lower and higher altitudes respectively. The total number of rays incident per unit area per unit time was found, and the specific ionization was determined by comparison with ionization chamber measurements. The results are given below.[Formula: see text]† Ionization chamber data from Clay and Jongen (4).* Ionization chamber data from Millikan and Cameron (18).

Investigation of long-time cosmic-ray variations

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S907-S910
Author(s):  
R. B. Salimzibarov ◽  
V. D. Sokolov ◽  
N. G. Skryabin ◽  
V. V. Klimenko ◽  
Yu. G. Shafer
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Ionization Chamber ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Charge Composition ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Long Time

During 1958–66 the flux and mean ionization chamber response of cosmic-ray particles were measured. On the basis of the experimental data the 11-year variations of the flux and of the charge composition of cosmic rays, and the annual variations, have been investigated.

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