Intensities of Heavy Cosmic-Ray Primaries by Pulse Ionization Chamber Measurements

1951 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Van Allen
Keyword(s):  
Ionization Chamber ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Chamber Measurements

THE ALTITUDE EFFECT ON THE SPECIFIC IONIZING POWER AND ZENITH ANGLE DISTRIBUTION OF COSMIC RAYS

1938 ◽  
Vol 16a (2) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darol K. Froman ◽  
J. C. Stearns
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Zenith Angle ◽  
Ionization Chamber ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Angle Distribution ◽  
Altitude Effect ◽  
Counting System ◽  
Chamber Measurements ◽  
Zenith Angle Distribution

Measurements made with a quadruple-coincidence Geiger-Müller counting system at altitudes of 120 and 14,160 ft. give the intensity, J, of cosmic ray ionizing particles at various zenith angles, ψ. The distribution, J(ψ) = J0e−0.175ψ cos2ψ, does not differ significantly from any measured values, and agrees with all observations within 0.5 and 3.0% of the vertical intensities at the lower and higher altitudes respectively. The total number of rays incident per unit area per unit time was found, and the specific ionization was determined by comparison with ionization chamber measurements. The results are given below.[Formula: see text]† Ionization chamber data from Clay and Jongen (4).* Ionization chamber data from Millikan and Cameron (18).

scholarly journals The nature of large cosmic-ray bursts

1936 ◽  
Vol 154 (881) ◽  
pp. 223-245 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Ionization Chamber ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Recording Apparatus ◽  
Ionization Current ◽  
Continuous Record ◽  
Normal Fluctuations

A continuous record of the ionization current produced by cosmic rays in an ionization chamber shows, if the recording apparatus is sufficiently sensitive, occasional relatively large momentary currents superposed on the normal fluctuations. These large momentary currents are generally called “bursts”. They were first discovered by Hoffmann. It has often been assumed that the bursts are of the same nature as the showers which are observed either in the Wilson chamber or by means of three or more coincidence counters; but so far no conclusive evidence, particularly for the larger bursts, has been reported in support of this assumption.

Cable-induced effects on plane-parallel ionization chamber measurements in large clinical electron beams

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Fiorino ◽  
Giovanni Mauro Cattaneo ◽  
Antonella Del Vecchio ◽  
Marcello Fusca ◽  
Barbara Longobardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionization Chamber ◽  
Electron Beams ◽  
Plane Parallel ◽  
Chamber Measurements

ON DIURNAL VARIATION IN COSMIC-RAY INTENSITY AT OTTAWA

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 577-587
Author(s):  
S. D. Chatterjee ◽  
J. N. Bloom
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Ionization Chamber ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Cosmic Ray Intensity ◽  
Rigorous Statistical Analysis ◽  
Local Mean ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Barometric Coefficient

Cosmic-ray data from a high pressure integrating ionization chamber, obtained at Ottawa, for 129 complete days during September 1950 to July 1951 are subjected to rigorous statistical analysis. The barometric coefficient is −0.19% per mm. of Hg for the period covered by this analysis. The results also indicate a physically significant 24-hr. wave in cosmic-ray intensity, with an amplitude of 0.12% of the total intensity, having its maximum at about 10.40 a.m. local mean time. The existence of the semidiurnal wave, however, is not physically significant.

scholarly journals The production of cosmic-ray bursts by mesotrons

1944 ◽  
Vol 183 (992) ◽  
pp. 54-64
Keyword(s):  
Ionization Chamber ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Burst Frequency ◽  
Shielding Material

The frequency of occurrence of cosmic-ray bursts under large thicknesses of iron and lead has been investigated as a function of the thickness. A definite maximum is found to occur in the curves for the smaller bursts, its prominence diminishing with bursts of increasing size. The dependence of the burst frequency on the size of the ionization chamber and the proximity of the shielding material to the chamber has also been investigated. The results suggest the production of showers of mesotrons which spread out, and ultimately give rise to electron showers originating in widely separated areas in the material above, and round the sides of, the ionization chamber.

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