IONIZATION LOSS BY COSMIC-RAY MU-MESONS IN ARGON

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Hall
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Ionization Chamber ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Statistical Distribution ◽  
Experimental Curve ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Ionization Loss ◽  
Electron Collection ◽  
Probable Loss

The ionization of argon by cosmic-ray mu-mesons of minimum specific ionization has been studied by means of a calibrated pressure-ionization chamber using electron collection. Corrections which are shown to be necessary have been applied to the experimental data. The shape of the experimental curve of statistical distribution of energy loss agrees with the theoretically predicted shape, for energy losses greater than the most probable loss (300 kev).

scholarly journals A Method of Predicting the Energy Losses in Vaneless Diffusers of Centrifugal Compressors

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huashu Dou
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Wall Friction ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Centrifugal Compressors ◽  
Flow Losses ◽  
Vaneless Diffusers ◽  
Good Agreement

The flow losses in the veneless diffusers of centrifugal compressors is investigated. It is found that the total energy loss in vaneless diffusers is a function of Bsin2 α0 when inlet flow conditions and radius ratio between inlet and outlet are given. A wall friction coefficient equation is derived and a method of predicting the total energy loss excepting mixing loss is presented. A comparison is made between results obtained from this method and experimental data generated by the author as well as data from the literature. Good agreement is obtained.

Investigation of long-time cosmic-ray variations

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S907-S910
Author(s):  
R. B. Salimzibarov ◽  
V. D. Sokolov ◽  
N. G. Skryabin ◽  
V. V. Klimenko ◽  
Yu. G. Shafer
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Ionization Chamber ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Charge Composition ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Long Time

During 1958–66 the flux and mean ionization chamber response of cosmic-ray particles were measured. On the basis of the experimental data the 11-year variations of the flux and of the charge composition of cosmic rays, and the annual variations, have been investigated.

scholarly journals On the photon component of cosmic radiation and its absorption coefficient

1940 ◽  
Vol 175 (960) ◽  
pp. 88-100 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Soft Component ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Metal Plates ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Photon Component

It has been established that the soft component of the cosmic radiation consists of electrons and photons. Much experimental data on the electrons forming the soft component are available and they are known to form a fraction of about 25-30% of the whole beam of ionizing particles at sea level, excluding particles below 10 7 eV (e.g. Rossi 1933; Nielsen and Morgan 1938). The energy spectrum of the electrons is known roughly from the work of Blackett (1938), Wilson (1939) and others. The energy loss of electrons in metal plates has been investigated by Anderson and Neddermeyer (1934), Blackett and Wilson (1937), Williams (1939), Wilson (1938, 1939), showing that the experimental values of the energy loss are in agreement with the prediction of the quantum theory (Bethe and Heitler 1934). Much less is known about the photon component of cosmic radiation, as comparatively few experiments have been carried out to investigate their properties. Further the results of the investigations available are partly contradictory. The theory of the absorption of high energy photons has been worked out to the same extent as for electrons (Bethe and Heitler). Owing to the lack of experimental material, the theory could be tested only up to energies of about five million volts (McMillan 1934; Gentner 1935). The success of the theory of cascade showers due to Bhabha and Heitler (1937) and Carlson and Oppenheimer (1937), based on the Bethe-Heitler theory of electrons and photons, provides however an indirect test for the validity of the absorption formula for high energy photons. The lack of experimental data on high energy photons is due to the difficulties in the method of observation; photons unlike electrons cannot be observed directly. In the present paper a simple method for investigating cosmic-ray photons is described. Using this method, data about the number, energy distribution and absorption of cosmic-ray photons have been obtained.

scholarly journals Derivation of Muon Intensities in Sea-water Depths up to 1400 M.W.E. from a Recent Primary Cosmic Ray Spectrum

1984 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 575 ◽  
Author(s):  
DP Bhattacharyya ◽  
Pratibha Pal ◽  
A Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Pair Production ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Muon Energy ◽  
Energy Relation ◽  
Scaling Hypothesis ◽  
Nuclear Interactions ◽  
Water Depths

The muon intensities in sea-water depths up to 1400 M.W.E. have been derived from a recent primary cosmic ray spectrum. The scaling hypothesis of Feynman has been used in the calculation of meson spectra in the atmosphere. The range-energy relation for muons in sea water, used in the present work, accounts for the muon energy loss in sea water due to collisions, pair production, bremsstrahlung and nuclear interactions. The calculated muon range spectrum in sea water is well in accord with the experimental data obtained by Higashi et al. (1966), Davitaev et al. (1969), and Rogers and Tristam (1981, 1983

scholarly journals Modulation effect of magnetic corotating trap on 27-day cosmic ray variation in November–December 2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-13
Author(s):  
Валерий Сдобнов ◽  
Valeriy Sdobnov ◽  
Марина Кравцова ◽  
Marina Kravtsova ◽  
Сергей Олемской ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Interplanetary Space ◽  
Intensity Variation ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Modulation Effect ◽  
Neutron Monitors ◽  
Worldwide Network ◽  
Determining Factor

We study the 27-day cosmic-ray (CR) intensity variation occurring in November–December 2014, using ground-based measurements from the worldwide network of neutron monitors and GOES-15 satellites. A determining factor in the considerable difference between amplitudes of the 27-day CR variation in November–December 2014 is shown to be significant changes in energy losses taking place when particles move in regular heliospheric electromagnetic fields. In this period, there was a long-living corotating trap produced by a vast coronal hole in the south of the Sun in interplanetary space. Configuration of this trap induced the energy loss of ~3–20 GeV CRs, due to which ground-based neutron monitors recorded an abnormally large amplitude of the 27-day variation.

scholarly journals Limits on Source Distances for the Most Energetic Cosmic Rays

1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lampard ◽  
R. W. Clay ◽  
B. R. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Pion Production ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Source Spectrum ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Microwave Background ◽  
Energy Degradation

AbstractThe propagation of the highest energy cosmic rays through the 2·7 K microwave background is considered. Photo-pion production interactions cause energy losses for primary cosmic ray protons which result in significant energy degradation over intergalactic distances. The process of energy loss is discussed and an estimate is made of the average distances travelled for observed cosmic rays with a range of energies, assuming a power law source spectrum. At energies over 1020 eV, the average distances travelled are a few tens of megaparsecs, limiting possible sources to the volume dominated by the supergalactic plane.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF THE COEFFICIENTS OF VIBRATION ENERGY LOSSES IN GAS-DISCHARGE SYSTEMS OF POWER PLANTS

Akustika ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 115-118
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Chukarin ◽  
Alexey Fedenko ◽  
Aleksandr Shashurin ◽  
Viktoriia Vasilyeva
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Frequency Dependence ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Approximate Result

Within the framework of this article, an experiment was conducted to determine the coefficient of energy loss of oscillatory motion. The analysis of the behavior of the frequency dependence of the coefficient showed that the approximation by a polynomial of degree 7 gives the most approximate result to the experimental values. The standard deviation of the experimental data from the polynomial is consistent with the error of the experimental data.

scholarly journals Absorption of penetrating cosmic ray particles in gold

1939 ◽  
Vol 172 (951) ◽  
pp. 517-529 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Soft Component ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Hard Component ◽  
Metal Plates ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Absorption Measurements

A considerable amount of experimental data on the energy loss of cosmic-ray particles in metal plates is now available. Much of this, however, represents work carried out before the separate nature of the hard and soft components was fully understood, so that in many cases unsuitable conditions make the interpretation of the results difficult. The soft component is known to consist of electrons, and these predominate in the cosmic-ray energy spectrum for energies less than 2 x 10 8 e-volts. It has been verified for these electrons that the energy loss by ionization (Corson and Brode 1938) and by radiative collisions (Blackett 1938) is in close agreement with the theoretical predictions. At energies greater than 2 x 10 8 e-volts, very few electrons are found at sea level, and for all higher energies the majority of the particles are now considered to be mesotrons. These, together with an uncertain, but small, number of protons form the hard component of the cosmic rays. Absorption measurements for the hard component are more difficult than for the electrons, since the particles are, in general, of higher energy and the loss of energy in an absorbing plate is very much smaller. The early observations (Blackett and Wilson 1937; Crussard and Leprince Ringuet 1937; Wilson 1938 a ) lead to the conclusion that at an electron energy ( E e = 300 Hρ )* of about 5 x 10 8 e-volts, the total energy loss of penetrating particles was very small—of the same order as that due to ionization alone —but that at higher energies, E e ~ 1.5 x 10 9 e-volts, a considerable additional energy loss took place, which did not appear to be attributable to the inclusion of electrons in the measurements (Wilson 1938 a ). With the comparatively thin absorbing plates used, however, it was not certain that all electrons had been excluded from these measurements.

scholarly journals Modulation effect of magnetic corotating trap on 27-day cosmic ray variation in November–December 2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Валерий Сдобнов ◽  
Valeriy Sdobnov ◽  
Марина Кравцова ◽  
Marina Kravtsova ◽  
Сергей Олемской ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Interplanetary Space ◽  
Intensity Variation ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Modulation Effect ◽  
Neutron Monitors ◽  
Worldwide Network ◽  
Determining Factor

We study the 27-day cosmic-ray (CR) intensity variation occurring in November–December 2014, using ground-based measurements from the worldwide network of neutron monitors and GOES-15 satellites. A determining factor in the considerable difference between amplitudes of the 27-day CR variation in November–December 2014 is shown to be significant changes in energy losses taking place when particles move in regular heliospheric electromagnetic fields. In this period, there was a long-living corotating trap produced by a vast coronal hole in the south of the Sun in interplanetary space. Configuration of this trap induced the energy loss of ~3–20 GeV CRs, due to which ground-based neutron monitors recorded an abnormally large amplitude of the 27-day variation.

scholarly journals Erratum: Signature of Energy Losses on the Cosmic Ray Electron Spectrum [Phys. Rev. Lett. 125 , 051101 (2020)]

2021 ◽  
Vol 126 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmelo Evoli ◽  
Pasquale Blasi ◽  
Elena Amato ◽  
Roberto Aloisio
Keyword(s):  
Electron Spectrum ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Energy Losses
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