scholarly journals Temperature response of wheat affects final height and the timing of stem elongation under field conditions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Kronenberg ◽  
Steven Yates ◽  
Martin P. Boer ◽  
Norbert Kirchgessner ◽  
Achim Walter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Final Height ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Measurement Interval ◽  
Temperature Responsive ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Field Phenotyping ◽  
Flowering Pathway ◽  
Response To Temperature

AbstractIn wheat, temperature affects the timing and intensity of stem elongation (SE). Genetic variation for this process is therefore important for adaptation. This study investigates the genetic response to temperature fluctuations during SE and its relationship to phenology and height. Canopy height of 315 wheat genotypes (GABI wheat panel) was scanned twice weekly in the field phenotyping platform (FIP) of ETH Zurich using a LIDAR. Temperature response was modelled using linear regressions between SE and mean temperature in each measurement interval. This led to a temperature–responsive (slope) and a temperature-irresponsive (intercept) component.The temperature response was highly heritable (H2 = 0.81) and positively related to a later start and end of SE as well as final height. Genome-wide association mapping revealed three temperature-responsive and four temperature-irresponsive quantitative trait loci (QTL). Furthermore, putative candidate genes for temperature-response QTL were frequently related to the flowering pathway in A. thaliana, whereas temperature-irresponsive QTLs corresponded with growth and reduced height genes. In combination with Rht and Ppd alleles, these loci, together with the loci for the timing of SE accounted for 71% of the variability in height.This demonstrates how high-throughput field phenotyping combined with environmental covariates can contribute to a smarter selection of climate-resilient crops.HighlightWe measured ambient temperature response of stem elongation in wheat grown under field conditions. The results indicate that temperature response is highly heritable and linked to the flowering pathway.

scholarly journals Temperature response of wheat affects final height and the timing of stem elongation under field conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Kronenberg ◽  
Steven Yates ◽  
Martin P Boer ◽  
Norbert Kirchgessner ◽  
Achim Walter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Final Height ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Measurement Interval ◽  
Temperature Responsive ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Field Phenotyping ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract In wheat, temperature affects the timing and intensity of stem elongation. Genetic variation for this process is therefore important for adaptation. This study investigates the genetic response to temperature fluctuations during stem elongation and its relationship to phenology and height. Canopy height of 315 wheat genotypes (GABI wheat panel) was scanned twice weekly in the field phenotyping platform (FIP) of ETH Zurich using a LIDAR. Temperature response was modelled using linear regressions between stem elongation and mean temperature in each measurement interval. This led to a temperature-responsive (slope) and a temperature-irresponsive (intercept) component. The temperature response was highly heritable (H2=0.81) and positively related to a later start and end of stem elongation as well as final height. Genome-wide association mapping revealed three temperature-responsive and four temperature-irresponsive quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Furthermore, putative candidate genes for temperature-responsive QTLs were frequently related to the flowering pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana, whereas temperature-irresponsive QTLs corresponded to growth and reduced height genes. In combination with Rht and Ppd alleles, these loci, together with the loci for the timing of stem elongation, accounted for 71% of the variability in height. This demonstrates how high-throughput field phenotyping combined with environmental covariates can contribute to a smarter selection of climate-resilient crops.

scholarly journals Differential proteomic analysis by SWATH-MS unravels the most dominant mechanisms underlying yeast adaptation to non-optimal temperatures under anaerobic conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tânia Pinheiro ◽  
Ka Ying Florence Lip ◽  
Estéfani García-Ríos ◽  
Amparo Querol ◽  
José Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Cold Response ◽  
Proteomic Data ◽  
Response To Temperature

AbstractElucidation of temperature tolerance mechanisms in yeast is essential for enhancing cellular robustness of strains, providing more economically and sustainable processes. We investigated the differential responses of three distinct Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, an industrial wine strain, ADY5, a laboratory strain, CEN.PK113-7D and an industrial bioethanol strain, Ethanol Red, grown at sub- and supra-optimal temperatures under chemostat conditions. We employed anaerobic conditions, mimicking the industrial processes. The proteomic profile of these strains in all conditions was performed by sequential window acquisition of all theoretical spectra-mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS), allowing the quantification of 997 proteins, data available via ProteomeXchange (PXD016567). Our analysis demonstrated that temperature responses differ between the strains; however, we also found some common responsive proteins, revealing that the response to temperature involves general stress and specific mechanisms. Overall, sub-optimal temperature conditions involved a higher remodeling of the proteome. The proteomic data evidenced that the cold response involves strong repression of translation-related proteins as well as induction of amino acid metabolism, together with components related to protein folding and degradation while, the high temperature response mainly recruits amino acid metabolism. Our study provides a global and thorough insight into how growth temperature affects the yeast proteome, which can be a step forward in the comprehension and improvement of yeast thermotolerance.

scholarly journals Surface-Ionized thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacryl amide) hydrogels with faster response

e-Polymers ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Xin-Cai
Keyword(s):  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Temperature Cycling ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Critical Solution Temperature ◽  
Temperature Responsive ◽  
Microgel Particles ◽  
Concentrated Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
First Time

AbstractPoly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels have been successfully modified by concentrated sulfuric acid for the first time. The modified hydrogels displayed faster, larger magnitude and hydration/dehydration dynamic response to temperature cycling without increasing the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). These contributions were attributed to sulphate ester groups resulting from terminal hydroxyl groups of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). These results may lead to technological application for temperature-responsive thin film and microgel particles with higher surface-to-volume ratio.

scholarly journals Metabolic tradeoffs and heterogeneity in microbial responses to temperature determine the fate of litter carbon in simulations of a warmer world

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 4875-4888
Author(s):  
Grace Pold ◽  
Seeta A. Sistla ◽  
Kristen M. DeAngelis
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Extracellular Enzyme ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Cycle ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Microbial Responses ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Projected Changes ◽  
Response To Temperature

Abstract. Climate change has the potential to destabilize the Earth's massive terrestrial carbon (C) stocks, but the degree to which models project this destabilization to occur depends on the kinds and complexities of microbial processes they simulate. Of particular note is carbon use efficiency (CUE), which determines the fraction of C processed by microbes that is anabolized into microbial biomass rather than lost to the atmosphere and soil as carbon dioxide and extracellular products. The temperature sensitivity of CUE is often modeled as an intrinsically fixed (homogeneous) property of the community, which contrasts with empirical data and has unknown impacts on projected changes to the soil C cycle under global warming. We used the Decomposition Model of Enzymatic Traits (DEMENT) – which simulates taxon-level litter decomposition dynamics – to explore the effects of introducing organism-level heterogeneity into the CUE response to temperature for decomposition of leaf litter under 5 ∘C of warming. We found that allowing the CUE temperature response to differ between taxa facilitated increased loss of litter C, unless fungal taxa were specifically restricted to decreasing CUE with temperature. Litter C loss was exacerbated by variable and elevated CUE at higher temperature, which effectively lowered costs for extracellular enzyme production. Together these results implicate a role for diversity of taxon-level CUE responses in driving the fate of litter C in a warmer world within DEMENT, which should be explored within the framework of additional model structures and validated with empirical studies.

scholarly journals Conductive surfaces with dynamic switching in response to temperature and salt

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (48) ◽  
pp. 9285-9294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alissa J. Hackett ◽  
Jenny Malmström ◽  
Paul J. Molino ◽  
Julien E. Gautrot ◽  
Hongrui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conducting Polymer ◽  
Polymer Films ◽  
Dynamic Switching ◽  
Temperature Responsive ◽  
Switching Behaviour ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Conducting Polymer Films ◽  
Conductive Surfaces

Salt- and temperature-responsive P(PEGMMA)-based brushes were grafted from conducting polymer films to produce electroactive surfaces with tailored switching behaviour.

Localized populational differences in the photosynthetic response to temperature and irradiance in Plantago lanceolata

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (22) ◽  
pp. 2559-2563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan H. Teramura ◽  
Boyd R. Strain
Keyword(s):  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Standard Condition ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Diffusion Resistance ◽  
Gene Exchange ◽  
Photosynthetic Response ◽  
Ecotypic Differentiation ◽  
Photosynthetic Responses ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
And Diffusion

Leaves of Plantago lanceolata L. were collected from populations growing in shaded, sunflecked, and open habitats. Cloning techniques were used to propagate ramets of at least 10 individuals from each population. Photosynthetic and diffusion resistance responses were measured in ramets grown at a standard condition. Highly significant differences in the photosynthetic responses to temperature and irradiance were found among the three populations. These large differences were associated with similarly large differences in stomatal and nonstomatal diffusion resistances. The temperature response differences could be interpreted as adaptive to the site of origin of the various biotypes. Consequently, we present evidence of localized ecotypic differentiation which has occurred despite the potential for gene exchange among the populations.

scholarly journals Early Flurprimidol Drench Applications Suppress Final Height of Four Poinsettia Cultivars

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Currey ◽  
Roberto G. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Final Height ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Chlormequat Chloride ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Aesthetic Appearance ◽  
Plant Growth Retardants

Plant growth retardants (PGRs) are commonly applied to control poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) stem elongation to meet a target final height. Two weeks after pinching, 4-fl·oz substrate drenches containing 0.0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, or 0.25 mg·L−1 flurprimidol were applied to high-vigor ‘Orion’ and low-vigor ‘Polly Pink’ poinsettia (Expt. I); while drenches containing 0.0, 0.05, 0.10, or 0.15 mg·L−1 flurprimidol or a foliar spray containing 1250 mg·L−1 daminozide and 750 mg·L−1 chlormequat chloride were applied to high-vigor ‘Classic Red’ and low-vigor ‘Freedom Salmon’ poinsettia (Expt. II). Final height of ‘Orion’ and ‘Polly's Pink’ poinsettia was suppressed by 12% to 25% and 13% to 30%, respectively, as flurprimidol concentration increased from 0.05 to 0.25 mg·L−1. Final height of ‘Classic Red’ and ‘Freedom Salmon’ was suppressed by 11% to 30% and 10% to 19%, respectively, as flurprimidol concentration increased from 0.05 to 0.15 mg·L−1. Although the daminozide and chlormequat chloride spray had no significant effect on bract area index compared with untreated plants, bract area index was smaller for all plants treated with flurprimidol. However, the bract area to height ratio of all cultivars was not impacted by any PGR application, indicating aesthetic appearance was not negatively affected with smaller bract area. Time to anthesis was delayed by up to 4 days when 0.10 mg·L−1 was applied to ‘Classic Red’, although no significant delays were observed for the remaining cultivars. Based on these results, flurprimidol may be applied as an early drench to suppress height of poinsettia without adversely impacting finished plant quality or crop timing.

scholarly journals CHRYSANTHEMUM RESPONSE TO TIMING OF PACLOBUTRAZOL AND UNICONAZOLE SPRAY APPLICATION

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1088b-1088
Author(s):  
David A. Gilbertz
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Final Height ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Dendranthema Grandiflora ◽  
Treatment Timing ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Flower Diameter

Spray applications of uniconazole (UC) or paclobutrazol (PB) were applied 0, 2, or 4 weeks after pinching Dendranthema grandiflora (Tzvelev). `Bright Golden Anne' cuttings planted 4 per 15 cm pot. Cuttings were controlled to 3 shoots each, averaging 5.4 and 14.9 cm at 2 and 4 weeks, respectively.Final height was affected interactively by week of application and chemical treatment. Treatment at pinch caused less stem elongation than later treatments, probably due to persistence of PB and UC activity until flowering. At week 4, 67% of stem elongation had already occurred and, therefore, less retardation was possible. Of the 4 triazole treatments, PB at 30 mg 1-1 (20 ml per pot) applied at pinch produced heights similar to daminozide 5000 mg 1-1 applied at 2 weeks. PB at 60 mg 1-1 gave similar height control as UC 15 mg 1-1. UC 30 mg 1-1 treated plants were shortest regardless of treatment timing, averaging 16.9 cm applied week 2.Other growth data was pooled for week of application and for chemical treatment since there was no interaction. Flowering was delayd 2 days and flower dry weight was reduced up to 26% by treatment at pinch compared to later treatments. Flower diameter was only minimally affected by treatments.

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