Localized populational differences in the photosynthetic response to temperature and irradiance in Plantago lanceolata

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (22) ◽  
pp. 2559-2563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan H. Teramura ◽  
Boyd R. Strain
Keyword(s):  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Standard Condition ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Diffusion Resistance ◽  
Gene Exchange ◽  
Photosynthetic Response ◽  
Ecotypic Differentiation ◽  
Photosynthetic Responses ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
And Diffusion

Leaves of Plantago lanceolata L. were collected from populations growing in shaded, sunflecked, and open habitats. Cloning techniques were used to propagate ramets of at least 10 individuals from each population. Photosynthetic and diffusion resistance responses were measured in ramets grown at a standard condition. Highly significant differences in the photosynthetic responses to temperature and irradiance were found among the three populations. These large differences were associated with similarly large differences in stomatal and nonstomatal diffusion resistances. The temperature response differences could be interpreted as adaptive to the site of origin of the various biotypes. Consequently, we present evidence of localized ecotypic differentiation which has occurred despite the potential for gene exchange among the populations.

scholarly journals Differential proteomic analysis by SWATH-MS unravels the most dominant mechanisms underlying yeast adaptation to non-optimal temperatures under anaerobic conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tânia Pinheiro ◽  
Ka Ying Florence Lip ◽  
Estéfani García-Ríos ◽  
Amparo Querol ◽  
José Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Cold Response ◽  
Proteomic Data ◽  
Response To Temperature

AbstractElucidation of temperature tolerance mechanisms in yeast is essential for enhancing cellular robustness of strains, providing more economically and sustainable processes. We investigated the differential responses of three distinct Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, an industrial wine strain, ADY5, a laboratory strain, CEN.PK113-7D and an industrial bioethanol strain, Ethanol Red, grown at sub- and supra-optimal temperatures under chemostat conditions. We employed anaerobic conditions, mimicking the industrial processes. The proteomic profile of these strains in all conditions was performed by sequential window acquisition of all theoretical spectra-mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS), allowing the quantification of 997 proteins, data available via ProteomeXchange (PXD016567). Our analysis demonstrated that temperature responses differ between the strains; however, we also found some common responsive proteins, revealing that the response to temperature involves general stress and specific mechanisms. Overall, sub-optimal temperature conditions involved a higher remodeling of the proteome. The proteomic data evidenced that the cold response involves strong repression of translation-related proteins as well as induction of amino acid metabolism, together with components related to protein folding and degradation while, the high temperature response mainly recruits amino acid metabolism. Our study provides a global and thorough insight into how growth temperature affects the yeast proteome, which can be a step forward in the comprehension and improvement of yeast thermotolerance.

scholarly journals Viscoadaptation controls intracellular reaction rates in response to heat and energy availability

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Persson ◽  
Vardhaan S. Ambati ◽  
Onn Brandman
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Response ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Acute Response ◽  
Cellular Environment ◽  
Diffusion Controlled ◽  
Intracellular Diffusion ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Tunable Property ◽  
Multiple Conditions

Summary/AbstractCells must precisely orchestrate thousands of reactions in both time and space. Yet reaction kinetics are highly dependent on uncontrollable environmental conditions such as temperature. Here, we report a novel mechanism by which budding yeast influence reaction rates through adjustment of intracellular viscosity. This “viscoadaptation” is achieved by production of two carbohydrates, trehalose and glycogen, which combine to create a more viscous cellular environment in which biomolecules retain solubility. We demonstrate that viscoadaptation functions as both an acute response to temperature increase as well as a homeostatic mechanism, allowing cells grown at temperatures spanning from 22°C to 40°C to maintain equivalent rates of intracellular diffusion and diffusion-controlled chemical reactions. Multiple conditions that lower ATP trigger viscoadaptation, suggesting that viscoadaptation may be a general cellular response to low energy. Viscoadaptation reveals viscosity to be a tunable property of cells through which they can regulate diffusion-controlled processes dynamically in response to a changing environment.

scholarly journals Metabolic tradeoffs and heterogeneity in microbial responses to temperature determine the fate of litter carbon in simulations of a warmer world

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 4875-4888
Author(s):  
Grace Pold ◽  
Seeta A. Sistla ◽  
Kristen M. DeAngelis
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Extracellular Enzyme ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Cycle ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Microbial Responses ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Projected Changes ◽  
Response To Temperature

Abstract. Climate change has the potential to destabilize the Earth's massive terrestrial carbon (C) stocks, but the degree to which models project this destabilization to occur depends on the kinds and complexities of microbial processes they simulate. Of particular note is carbon use efficiency (CUE), which determines the fraction of C processed by microbes that is anabolized into microbial biomass rather than lost to the atmosphere and soil as carbon dioxide and extracellular products. The temperature sensitivity of CUE is often modeled as an intrinsically fixed (homogeneous) property of the community, which contrasts with empirical data and has unknown impacts on projected changes to the soil C cycle under global warming. We used the Decomposition Model of Enzymatic Traits (DEMENT) – which simulates taxon-level litter decomposition dynamics – to explore the effects of introducing organism-level heterogeneity into the CUE response to temperature for decomposition of leaf litter under 5 ∘C of warming. We found that allowing the CUE temperature response to differ between taxa facilitated increased loss of litter C, unless fungal taxa were specifically restricted to decreasing CUE with temperature. Litter C loss was exacerbated by variable and elevated CUE at higher temperature, which effectively lowered costs for extracellular enzyme production. Together these results implicate a role for diversity of taxon-level CUE responses in driving the fate of litter C in a warmer world within DEMENT, which should be explored within the framework of additional model structures and validated with empirical studies.

Carbon Dioxide Exchange in Response to Change of Environment and to Defoliation in a Tobacco Crop

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 473 ◽  
Author(s):  
DM Whitfield ◽  
DJ Connor ◽  
PJM Sale
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Exchange ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Photosynthetic Responses ◽  
Response To Change ◽  
Response To Temperature

Rates of carbon dioxide exchange of field-grown tobacco crops at early flowering and maturity were measured using a pair of large closed-system field chambers. Photosynthetic responses to irradiance and temperature were investigated on both occasions. Rate of dark respiration and its response to temperature were measured during the night. Defoliation treatments were employed to disrupt the correlation between leaf age and light environment in the canopy. In these experiments, the short-term photosynthetic response to irradiance was determined for crops that were progressively defoliated upwards or downwards. Long- term effects of varying intensities of downward defoliation were also investigated. Maximum photosynthetic rates of 3.7 g CO2 m-2 h-1 were achieved at early flowering. These had fallen to 1.9 g CO2 m-2 h-1at maturity. Maximum rates occurred at an irradiance of approximately 700 W m-2. Short-term shifts in temperature in the range 10-32°C had little effect during the day, but dark respiration was strongly dependent on temperature. Defoliation experiments demonstrated that lower leaves retained a significant potential for photosynthesis but their contri- bution to the total exchange of CO2 of mature crops was only small. This was attributed in part to the poorer light regime in the lower canopy. Results are discussed in the context of the development of yield and quality in flue-cured tobacco.

Ecology of Cladonia lichens. II. Comparative physiological ecology of C. mitis, C. rangiferina, and C. uncialis

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Lechowicz ◽  
Michael S. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Physiological Ecology ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Pine Barrens ◽  
Physiological Tolerance ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Significant Seasonal Variation ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Photosynthetic Responses ◽  
Response To Temperature

The net CO2 exchange responses of Cladonia mitis, C. rangiferina, and C. uncialis from the Wisconsin Pine Barrens to irradiance, thallus temperature, and thallus relative water content were statistically compared for fall, spring, and summer. The absolute net photosynthetic rate of C. rangiferina exceeded that of C. uncialis under essentially all conditions and in all seasons; C. mitis's absolute net photosynthesis fluctuated with the seasons between these two contrasting species. Cladonia mitis showed significant intraspecific seasonal variation in net photosynthetic responses to temperature and irradiance. Cladonia rangiferina showed significant seasonal variation in dark respiratory response to temperature. Cladonia uncialis showed no significant intraspecific seasonal variation in net CO2 exchange responses. Significant interspecific differences in net CO2 exchange responses centered on the net photosynthetic responses to thallus temperature and relative water content.Despite its low net photosynthetic rates, C. uncialis is the most prevalent lichen in the Wisconsin Pine Barren ground-layer community. We attribute this not to broad physiological tolerance, but to its significantly slower drying rate. Lichens photosynthesize only when wetted. Cladonia uncialis photosynthesizes at generally lower rates than C. mitis or C. rangiferina, but it photosynthesizes longer under comparable environmental drying regimes. This and other aspects of the physiological ecology of the three species are discussed in relation to microdistribution and microhabitats within the Wisconsin Pine Barrens.

The Effect of Modified Hydrotalcites on Mechanical Properties and Chloride Penetration Resistance in Cement Mortar

2014 ◽  
Vol 629-630 ◽  
pp. 156-161
Author(s):  
Zheng Xian Yang ◽  
Hartmut Fischer ◽  
Rob Polder
Keyword(s):  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Chloride Penetration ◽  
Chloride Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Chloride Migration ◽  
Cement Mortars ◽  
Minor Influence ◽  
Chloride Penetration Resistance ◽  
And Diffusion

In this paper, two types of modified hydrotalcites (MHT) were incorporated into cement mortars with two dosage levels (replacing 5% and 10% cement by mass). Designated testing programme including strength test, porosity test, and rapid chloride migration and diffusion test were employed to investigate the effect of modified hydrotalcites on chloride penetration in cement mortar. The results based on these tests showed the incorporation of MHT-pAB at 5% dosage in mortar specimens produced a notably improved chloride diffusion resistance with no or minor influence on the development of mechanical strength.

scholarly journals Differential proteomic analysis by SWATH-MS unravels the most dominant mechanisms underlying yeast adaptation to non-optimal temperatures under anaerobic conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tânia Pinheiro ◽  
Ka Ying Florence Lip ◽  
Estéfani García-Ríos ◽  
Amparo Querol ◽  
José Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Cold Response ◽  
Proteomic Data ◽  
Response To Temperature

AbstractElucidation of temperature tolerance mechanisms in yeast is essential for enhancing cellular robustness of strains, providing more economically and sustainable processes. We investigated the differential responses of three distinct Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, an industrial wine strain, ADY5, a laboratory strain, CEN.PK113-7D and an industrial bioethanol strain, Ethanol Red, grown at sub- and supra-optimal temperatures under chemostat conditions. We employed anaerobic conditions, mimicking the industrial processes. The proteomic profile of these strains was performed by SWATH-MS, allowing the quantification of 997 proteins, data available via ProteomeXchange (PXD016567). Our analysis demonstrated that temperature responses differ between the strains; however, we also found some common responsive proteins, revealing that the response to temperature involves general stress and specific mechanisms. Overall, sub-optimal temperature conditions involved a higher remodeling of the proteome. The proteomic data evidenced that the cold response involves strong repression of translation-related proteins as well as induction of amino acid metabolism, together with components related to protein folding and degradation while, the high temperature response mainly recruits amino acid metabolism. Our study provides a global and thorough insight into how growth temperature affects the yeast proteome, which can be a step forward in the comprehension and improvement of yeast thermotolerance.

scholarly journals Variation Between Cut Chrysanthemum Cultivars in Response to Suboptimal Temperature

2007 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anke van der Ploeg ◽  
Ranathunga J.K.N. Kularathne ◽  
Susana M.P. Carvalho ◽  
Ep Heuvelink
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Cultivation Period ◽  
Optimum Response ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Response To Temperature

To breed for more energy-efficient cut chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) cultivars it is important to know the variation of the temperature response existing in modern cultivars. In a greenhouse experiment with 25 chrysanthemum cultivars, a significant variation was observed in temperature response (16 °C or 20 °C) for reaction time, total dry weight produced, stem length, and flower size and number. To study this genetic variation in temperature response over a larger range of temperatures (15 °C to 24 °C), four contrasting cultivars (Annecy, Delianne, Reagan, and Supernova) were selected in a second experiment. Furthermore, a third experiment was performed in which the cultivation period was split into three phases and the influence of temperature in each of these phases was studied for the four selected cultivars. Dry weight production in all cultivars was very sensitive to temperature during the long day period. Relative growth rate showed an optimum response to temperature, with the optimum around 24 °C. Net assimilation rate also showed an optimum response to temperature, whereas leaf area ratio increased linearly with temperature. Compared with these temperature effects during the long day, the effect of temperature on absolute growth rate during the short day was, depending on the cultivar, relatively small or even absent. The reaction time, on the other hand, was very temperature sensitive, showing an optimum that was cultivar dependent. The temperature response of the total dry weight production during the whole cultivation period was, therefore, very cultivar dependent. Furthermore, depending on the cultivar, stem length increased with temperature, especially during long day, as a result of both increasing internode number and average internode length. The response of both flower size and number to temperature was also highly cultivar specific. The possibilities of using this genetic variation for breeding are discussed.

scholarly journals Exploring the Relationship between Abundance and Temperature with a Chemostat Model

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian A. Solari ◽  
Vanina J. Galzenati ◽  
Brian J. McGill
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Chemostat Model ◽  
Half Saturation Constant ◽  
Limiting Nutrient ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractAlthough there is a well developed theory on the relationship between the intrinsic growth rate r and temperature T, it is not yet clear how r relates to abundance, and how abundance relates to T. Many species often have stable enough population dynamics that one can talk about a stochastic equilibrium population size N*. There is sometimes an assumption that N* and r are positively correlated, but there is lack of evidence for this. To try to understand the relationship between r, N*, and T we used a simple chemostat model. The model shows that N* not only depends on r, but also on the mortality rate, the half-saturation constant of the nutrient limiting r, and the conversion coefficient of the limiting nutrient. Our analysis shows that N* positively correlates to r only with high mortality rate and half-saturation constant values. The response curve of N* vs. T can be flat, Gaussian, convex, and even temperature independent depending on the values of the variables in the model and their relationship to T. Moreover, whenever the populations have not reached equilibrium and might be in the process of doing so, it could be wrongly concluded that N* and r are positively correlated. Because of their low half-saturation constants, unless conditions are oligotrophic, microorganisms would tend to have flat abundance response curves to temperature even with high mortality rates. In contrast, unless conditions are eutrophic, it should be easier to get a Gaussian temperature response curve for multicellular organisms because of their high half-saturation constant. This work sheds light to why it is so difficult for any general principles to emerge on the abundance response to temperature. We conclude that directly relating N* to r is an oversimplification that should be avoided.

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