scholarly journals Gut microbiota requires vagus nerve integrity to promote depression

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Siopi ◽  
Soham Saha ◽  
Carine Moigneu ◽  
Mathilde Bigot ◽  
Pierre-Marie Lledo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Vagal Afferents ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Chronic stress constitutes one of the strongest risk factors for depression and can disrupt various aspects of homeostasis, including gut microbiota composition. We found that stress-induced changes in gut microbiota promote depression and decrease adult hippocampal neurogenesis upon transfer to antibiotic-treated recipient mice. Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy abrogated the microbiota-induced effects on behavior and neurogenesis, suggesting that gut microbiota can influence brain plasticity and behavior through vagal afferents.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Composition Is Correlated to Grid Floor Induced Stress and Behavior in the BALB/c Mouse

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e46231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Maria Bangsgaard Bendtsen ◽  
Lukasz Krych ◽  
Dorte Bratbo Sørensen ◽  
Wanyong Pang ◽  
Dennis Sandris Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Grid Floor ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

scholarly journals Nutritional strategies and gut microbiota composition as risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis in very-preterm infants

2017 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 821-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Christophe Rozé ◽  
Pierre-Yves Ancel ◽  
Patricia Lepage ◽  
Laetitia Martin-Marchand ◽  
Ziad Al Nabhani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Very Preterm Infants ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Nutritional Strategies ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

scholarly journals The impact of gut microbiota on depressive-like behaviors and adult hippocampal neurogenesis requires the endocannabinoid system

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grégoire Chevalier ◽  
Eleni Siopi ◽  
Laure Guenin-Macé ◽  
Maud Pascal ◽  
Thomas Laval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYDepression is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Recent observations have revealed an association between mood disorders and alterations of the intestinal microbiota, but causality remains yet to be established. Here, using unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) as a mouse model of depression, we show that the UCMS mice display phenotypic alterations — characterized by an altered gut microbiota composition, a reduced adult hippocampal neurogenesis and a depressive-like behaviors — which could be transferred from UCMS donors to naïve recipient mice by fecal microbiota transplantation. The cellular and behavioral alterations observed in recipient mice were accompanied by a decrease in the endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling due to lower peripheral levels of fatty acid precursors of eCB ligands. The adverse effects of UCMS-transferred microbiota on adult neurogenesis and behavior in naïve recipient mice were alleviated by selectively enhancing the central eCB tone or by adding arachidonic acid, a fatty acid precursor of eCB ligands, to the diet. In the gut of both UCMS donors and recipients, the microbiota composition was characterized by a relative decrease in Lactobacilli abundance, and complementation of the UCMS recipient microbiota with a strain of the Lactobacilli genus was sufficient to restore normal eCB brain levels, hippocampal neurogenesis and to alleviate depressive-like behaviors. Our findings provide a mechanistic scenario for how chronic stress, diet and gut microbiota dysbiosis generate a pathological feed-forward loop that contributes to despair behavior via the central eCB system.

Saturated fat stimulates obesity and hepatic steatosis and affects gut microbiota composition by an enhanced overflow of dietary fat to the distal intestine

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (5) ◽  
pp. G589-G599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole de Wit ◽  
Muriel Derrien ◽  
Hanneke Bosch-Vermeulen ◽  
Els Oosterink ◽  
Shohreh Keshtkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Distal Intestine ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

We studied the effect of dietary fat type, varying in polyunsaturated-to-saturated fatty acid ratios (P/S), on development of metabolic syndrome. C57Bl/6J mice were fed purified high-fat diets (45E% fat) containing palm oil (HF-PO; P/S 0.4), olive oil (HF-OO; P/S 1.1), or safflower oil (HF-SO; P/S 7.8) for 8 wk. A low-fat palm oil diet (LF-PO; 10E% fat) was used as a reference. Additionally, we analyzed diet-induced changes in gut microbiota composition and mucosal gene expression. The HF-PO diet induced a higher body weight gain and liver triglyceride content compared with the HF-OO, HF-SO, or LF-PO diet. In the intestine, the HF-PO diet reduced microbial diversity and increased the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio. Although this fits a typical obesity profile, our data clearly indicate that an overflow of the HF-PO diet to the distal intestine, rather than obesity itself, is the main trigger for these gut microbiota changes. A HF-PO diet-induced elevation of lipid metabolism-related genes in the distal small intestine confirmed the overflow of palm oil to the distal intestine. Some of these lipid metabolism-related genes were previously already associated with the metabolic syndrome. In conclusion, our data indicate that saturated fat (HF-PO) has a more stimulatory effect on weight gain and hepatic lipid accumulation than unsaturated fat (HF-OO and HF-SO). The overflow of fat to the distal intestine on the HF-PO diet induced changes in gut microbiota composition and mucosal gene expression. We speculate that both are directly or indirectly contributive to the saturated fat-induced development of obesity and hepatic steatosis.

scholarly journals Modulation of Gut Microbiota Profile and Short-Chain Fatty Acids of Rats Fed with Taro Flour or Taro Starch

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ingrid S. Surono ◽  
Koen Venema
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Taro Flour ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Normal Chow ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

To investigate the effect of flour and starch of the Indonesian native tuber “taro” on the composition and activity of the gut microbiota in diabetic rats, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were fed normal chow (AIN), or AIN in which corn starch was replaced by either taro flour or purified taro starch for 4 weeks. Fecal samples were collected at baseline and after 4 weeks, and the composition of microbial communities was measured using 16S rRNA sequencing, while SCFAs were measured using ion chromatography. Bodyweight declined upon DM induction with STZ. Feeding taro starch led to a lower reduction in bodyweight than feeding taro starch, but this was only significant for taro starch in weeks 2, 3, and 4 (p=0.02, p=0.01, and p<0.01, respectively). Both taro starch and taro flour induced changes in the gut microbiota composition compared to AIN, which were different for taro flour and taro starch. Bifidobacterium, Sutterella, and Prevotella were markers for taro flour feeding, while Anaerostipes was a marker for taro starch feeding. Induction of diabetes also led to changes in the microbiota composition. Random Forest correctly predicted for 16 of 18 samples whether rats were diabetic or not and correctly predicted 6 of 12 microbiota samples belonging to either taro flour- or taro starch-fed groups, indicating also some significant overlap in the substrate, as expected. Taro starch and taro flour both led to a significant increase in the fecal concentrations of acetate, propionate, and butyrate.

scholarly journals Ly6Chi Monocytes Provide a Link between Antibiotic-Induced Changes in Gut Microbiota and Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis

Cell Reports ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1945-1956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Möhle ◽  
Daniele Mattei ◽  
Markus M. Heimesaat ◽  
Stefan Bereswill ◽  
André Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Induced Changes

Pterostilbene-induced changes in gut microbiota composition in relation to obesity

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1500906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usune Etxeberria ◽  
Elizabeth Hijona ◽  
Leixuri Aguirre ◽  
Fermin I. Milagro ◽  
Luis Bujanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition
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