Pterostilbene-induced changes in gut microbiota composition in relation to obesity

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1500906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usune Etxeberria ◽  
Elizabeth Hijona ◽  
Leixuri Aguirre ◽  
Fermin I. Milagro ◽  
Luis Bujanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Saturated fat stimulates obesity and hepatic steatosis and affects gut microbiota composition by an enhanced overflow of dietary fat to the distal intestine

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (5) ◽  
pp. G589-G599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole de Wit ◽  
Muriel Derrien ◽  
Hanneke Bosch-Vermeulen ◽  
Els Oosterink ◽  
Shohreh Keshtkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Distal Intestine ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

We studied the effect of dietary fat type, varying in polyunsaturated-to-saturated fatty acid ratios (P/S), on development of metabolic syndrome. C57Bl/6J mice were fed purified high-fat diets (45E% fat) containing palm oil (HF-PO; P/S 0.4), olive oil (HF-OO; P/S 1.1), or safflower oil (HF-SO; P/S 7.8) for 8 wk. A low-fat palm oil diet (LF-PO; 10E% fat) was used as a reference. Additionally, we analyzed diet-induced changes in gut microbiota composition and mucosal gene expression. The HF-PO diet induced a higher body weight gain and liver triglyceride content compared with the HF-OO, HF-SO, or LF-PO diet. In the intestine, the HF-PO diet reduced microbial diversity and increased the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio. Although this fits a typical obesity profile, our data clearly indicate that an overflow of the HF-PO diet to the distal intestine, rather than obesity itself, is the main trigger for these gut microbiota changes. A HF-PO diet-induced elevation of lipid metabolism-related genes in the distal small intestine confirmed the overflow of palm oil to the distal intestine. Some of these lipid metabolism-related genes were previously already associated with the metabolic syndrome. In conclusion, our data indicate that saturated fat (HF-PO) has a more stimulatory effect on weight gain and hepatic lipid accumulation than unsaturated fat (HF-OO and HF-SO). The overflow of fat to the distal intestine on the HF-PO diet induced changes in gut microbiota composition and mucosal gene expression. We speculate that both are directly or indirectly contributive to the saturated fat-induced development of obesity and hepatic steatosis.

scholarly journals Modulation of Gut Microbiota Profile and Short-Chain Fatty Acids of Rats Fed with Taro Flour or Taro Starch

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ingrid S. Surono ◽  
Koen Venema
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Taro Flour ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Normal Chow ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

To investigate the effect of flour and starch of the Indonesian native tuber “taro” on the composition and activity of the gut microbiota in diabetic rats, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were fed normal chow (AIN), or AIN in which corn starch was replaced by either taro flour or purified taro starch for 4 weeks. Fecal samples were collected at baseline and after 4 weeks, and the composition of microbial communities was measured using 16S rRNA sequencing, while SCFAs were measured using ion chromatography. Bodyweight declined upon DM induction with STZ. Feeding taro starch led to a lower reduction in bodyweight than feeding taro starch, but this was only significant for taro starch in weeks 2, 3, and 4 (p=0.02, p=0.01, and p<0.01, respectively). Both taro starch and taro flour induced changes in the gut microbiota composition compared to AIN, which were different for taro flour and taro starch. Bifidobacterium, Sutterella, and Prevotella were markers for taro flour feeding, while Anaerostipes was a marker for taro starch feeding. Induction of diabetes also led to changes in the microbiota composition. Random Forest correctly predicted for 16 of 18 samples whether rats were diabetic or not and correctly predicted 6 of 12 microbiota samples belonging to either taro flour- or taro starch-fed groups, indicating also some significant overlap in the substrate, as expected. Taro starch and taro flour both led to a significant increase in the fecal concentrations of acetate, propionate, and butyrate.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota requires vagus nerve integrity to promote depression

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Siopi ◽  
Soham Saha ◽  
Carine Moigneu ◽  
Mathilde Bigot ◽  
Pierre-Marie Lledo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Vagal Afferents ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Chronic stress constitutes one of the strongest risk factors for depression and can disrupt various aspects of homeostasis, including gut microbiota composition. We found that stress-induced changes in gut microbiota promote depression and decrease adult hippocampal neurogenesis upon transfer to antibiotic-treated recipient mice. Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy abrogated the microbiota-induced effects on behavior and neurogenesis, suggesting that gut microbiota can influence brain plasticity and behavior through vagal afferents.

Changes in Human Gut Microbiota Composition Are Linked to the Energy Metabolic Switch During Ten Days of Fasting

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Mesnage ◽  
Franziska Grundler ◽  
Andreas Schwiertz ◽  
Yvon Le Maho ◽  
Fran&ccedil;oise Wilhelmi de Toledo
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Metabolic Switch ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Uridine attenuates obesity, ameliorates hepatic lipid accumulation and modifies the gut microbiota composition in mice fed with a high-fat diet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yilin Liu ◽  
Chunyan Xie ◽  
Zhenya Zhai ◽  
Ze-yuan Deng ◽  
Hugo R. De Jonge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Hepatic Lipid ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

This study aimed to investigate the effect of uridine on obesity, fat accumulation in liver, and gut microbiota composition in high-fat diet-fed mice.

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