scholarly journals Ly6Chi Monocytes Provide a Link between Antibiotic-Induced Changes in Gut Microbiota and Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis

Cell Reports ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1945-1956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Möhle ◽  
Daniele Mattei ◽  
Markus M. Heimesaat ◽  
Stefan Bereswill ◽  
André Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Induced Changes

scholarly journals Gut microbiota requires vagus nerve integrity to promote depression

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Siopi ◽  
Soham Saha ◽  
Carine Moigneu ◽  
Mathilde Bigot ◽  
Pierre-Marie Lledo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Vagal Afferents ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Chronic stress constitutes one of the strongest risk factors for depression and can disrupt various aspects of homeostasis, including gut microbiota composition. We found that stress-induced changes in gut microbiota promote depression and decrease adult hippocampal neurogenesis upon transfer to antibiotic-treated recipient mice. Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy abrogated the microbiota-induced effects on behavior and neurogenesis, suggesting that gut microbiota can influence brain plasticity and behavior through vagal afferents.

scholarly journals The impact of gut microbiota on depressive-like behaviors and adult hippocampal neurogenesis requires the endocannabinoid system

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grégoire Chevalier ◽  
Eleni Siopi ◽  
Laure Guenin-Macé ◽  
Maud Pascal ◽  
Thomas Laval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYDepression is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Recent observations have revealed an association between mood disorders and alterations of the intestinal microbiota, but causality remains yet to be established. Here, using unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) as a mouse model of depression, we show that the UCMS mice display phenotypic alterations — characterized by an altered gut microbiota composition, a reduced adult hippocampal neurogenesis and a depressive-like behaviors — which could be transferred from UCMS donors to naïve recipient mice by fecal microbiota transplantation. The cellular and behavioral alterations observed in recipient mice were accompanied by a decrease in the endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling due to lower peripheral levels of fatty acid precursors of eCB ligands. The adverse effects of UCMS-transferred microbiota on adult neurogenesis and behavior in naïve recipient mice were alleviated by selectively enhancing the central eCB tone or by adding arachidonic acid, a fatty acid precursor of eCB ligands, to the diet. In the gut of both UCMS donors and recipients, the microbiota composition was characterized by a relative decrease in Lactobacilli abundance, and complementation of the UCMS recipient microbiota with a strain of the Lactobacilli genus was sufficient to restore normal eCB brain levels, hippocampal neurogenesis and to alleviate depressive-like behaviors. Our findings provide a mechanistic scenario for how chronic stress, diet and gut microbiota dysbiosis generate a pathological feed-forward loop that contributes to despair behavior via the central eCB system.

scholarly journals Fluoxetine-induced dematuration of hippocampal neurons and adult cortical neurogenesis in the common marmoset

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Ohira ◽  
Hideo Hagihara ◽  
Miki Miwa ◽  
Katsuki Nakamura ◽  
Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Common Marmoset ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Cortical Neurogenesis ◽  
Primate Brain ◽  
Cortical Interneurons ◽  
Fast Spiking ◽  
Induced Changes

AbstractThe selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine (FLX) is widely used to treat depression and anxiety disorders. Chronic FLX treatment reportedly induces cellular responses in the brain, including increased adult hippocampal and cortical neurogenesis and reversal of neuron maturation in the hippocampus, amygdala, and cortex. However, because most previous studies have used rodent models, it remains unclear whether these FLX-induced changes occur in the primate brain. To evaluate the effects of FLX in the primate brain, we used immunohistological methods to assess neurogenesis and the expression of neuronal maturity markers following chronic FLX treatment (3 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks) in adult marmosets (n = 3 per group). We found increased expression of doublecortin and calretinin, markers of immature neurons, in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of FLX-treated marmosets. Further, FLX treatment reduced parvalbumin expression and the number of neurons with perineuronal nets, which indicate mature fast-spiking interneurons, in the hippocampus, but not in the amygdala or cerebral cortex. We also found that FLX treatment increased the generation of cortical interneurons; however, significant up-regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis was not observed in FLX-treated marmosets. These results suggest that dematuration of hippocampal neurons and increased cortical neurogenesis may play roles in FLX-induced effects and/or side effects. Our results are consistent with those of previous studies showing hippocampal dematuration and increased cortical neurogenesis in FLX-treated rodents. In contrast, FLX did not affect hippocampal neurogenesis or dematuration of interneurons in the amygdala and cerebral cortex.

Is adult hippocampal neurogenesis really relevant for the treatment of psychiatric disorders?

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Carli ◽  
Stefano Aringhieri ◽  
Shivakumar Kolachalam ◽  
Biancamaria Longoni ◽  
Giovanna Grenno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Mood Stabilizers ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Newborn Neurons ◽  
Hippocampal Circuitry

: Adult neurogenesis consists in the generation of newborn neurons from neural stem cells taking place in the adult brain. In mammals, this process is limited to very few areas of the brain, and one of these neurogenic niches is the subgranular layer of the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. Adult newborn neurons are generated from quiescent neural progenitors (QNPs), which differentiate through different steps into mature granule cells (GCs), to be finally integrated into the existing hippocampal circuitry. In animal models, adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is relevant for pattern discrimination, cognitive flexibility, emotional processing and resilience to stressful situations. Imaging techniques allow to visualize newborn neurons within the hippocampus through all their stages of development and differentiation. In humans, the evidence of AHN is more challenging, and, based on recent findings, it persists through the adulthood, even if it declines with age. Whether this process has an important role in human brain function and how it integrates into the existing hippocampal circuitry is still a matter of exciting debate. Importantly, AHN deficiency has been proposed to be relevant in many psychiatric disorders, including mood disorders, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder and schizophrenia. This review aims to investigate how AHN is altered in different psychiatric conditions and how pharmacological treatments can rescue this process. In fact, many psychoactive drugs, such as antidepressants, mood stabilizers and atypical antipsychotics (AAPs), can boost AHN with different results. In addition, some non-pharmacological approaches are discussed as well.

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