scholarly journals Effects of the Mediterranean Diet or Nut Consumption On Gut Microbiota Composition and Fecal Metabolites and their Relationship With Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 2000982
Author(s):  
Serena Galié ◽  
Jesús‐García Gavilán ◽  
Lucía Camacho‐Barcía ◽  
Alessandro Atzeni ◽  
Jananee Muralidharan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

scholarly journals Impact of Mediterranean Diet on Disease Activity and Gut Microbiota Composition of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1989
Author(s):  
Andrea Picchianti Diamanti ◽  
Concetta Panebianco ◽  
Gerardo Salerno ◽  
Roberta Di Rosa ◽  
Simonetta Salemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
High Adherence ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Adherence Group ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder in which gut and oral microbiota play a crucial role. Diet is a modifiable factor that can influence both microbiota composition and arthritis outcome; previous studies have suggested associations between dietary habits and RA, with contrasting results. We investigate the protective effect of the Mediterranean diet (MD) on disease activity and the gut microbiota profile in RA patients. Sixty consecutive RA patients were enrolled upon filling a validated 14-item questionnaire for the assessment of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (Prevention with Mediterranean Diet-PREDIMED). Then, 16S analysis was employed to explore the gut microbiota within the two cohorts of patients. Patients with high adherence to MD (20) had a significantly lower C-reactive protein (p < 0.037) and disease activity (p < 0.034) than the 40 patients with low/moderate adherence to MD. An inverse association between MD and disease activity was confirmed by multivariate analysis after adjustments for all the different demographic, clinical and serologic variables. A healthier gut microbiota composition was observed in the high adherence group, with a significant decrease in Lactobacillaceae and an almost complete absence of Prevotella copri with respect to the low/moderate adherence group. In conclusion, our findings support the protective role of MD on disease activity and microbiota composition in RA patients, and suggest the feasibility of shifting the habitual diet to modulate the gut microbiota and promote the benefits associated with MD.

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns and Cardiometabolic Outcomes in Diabetes: A Summary of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Kahleova ◽  
Jordi Salas-Salvadó ◽  
Dario Rahelić ◽  
Cyril WC Kendall ◽  
Emilie Rembert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Liquid Meal ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Meta Analyses

The Diabetes and Nutrition Study Group (DNSG) of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) conducted a review of existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses to explain the relationship between different dietary patterns and patient-important cardiometabolic outcomes. To update the clinical practice guidelines for nutrition therapy in the prevention and management of diabetes, we summarize the evidence from these evidence syntheses for the Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Portfolio, Nordic, liquid meal replacement, and vegetarian dietary patterns. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to assess the quality of evidence. We summarized the evidence for disease incidence outcomes and risk factor outcomes using risk ratios (RRs) and mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), respectively. The Mediterranean diet showed a cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence (RR: 0.62; 95%CI, 0.50, 0.78), and non-significant CVD mortality (RR: 0.67; 95%CI, 0.45, 1.00) benefit. The DASH dietary pattern improved cardiometabolic risk factors (P < 0.05) and was associated with the decreased incidence of CVD (RR, 0.80; 95%CI, 0.76, 0.85). Vegetarian dietary patterns were associated with improved cardiometabolic risk factors (P < 0.05) and the reduced incidence (0.72; 95%CI: 0.61, 0.85) and mortality (RR, 0.78; 95%CI, 0.69, 0.88) of coronary heart disease. The Portfolio dietary pattern improved cardiometabolic risk factors and reduced estimated 10-year coronary heart disease (CHD) risk by 13% (−1.34% (95%CI, −2.19 to −0.49)). The Nordic dietary pattern was correlated with decreased CVD (0.93 (95%CI, 0.88, 0.99)) and stroke incidence (0.87 (95%CI, 0.77, 0.97)) and, along with liquid meal replacements, improved cardiometabolic risk factors (P < 0.05). The evidence was assessed as low to moderate certainty for most dietary patterns and outcome pairs. Current evidence suggests that the Mediterranean, DASH, Portfolio, Nordic, liquid meal replacement and vegetarian dietary patterns have cardiometabolic advantages in populations inclusive of diabetes.

scholarly journals Nutritional strategies and gut microbiota composition as risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis in very-preterm infants

2017 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 821-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Christophe Rozé ◽  
Pierre-Yves Ancel ◽  
Patricia Lepage ◽  
Laetitia Martin-Marchand ◽  
Ziad Al Nabhani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Very Preterm Infants ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Nutritional Strategies ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

scholarly journals Gut microbiota composition explains more variance in the host cardiometabolic risk than genetic ancestry

Gut Microbes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra J. Guzmán-Castañeda ◽  
Esteban L. Ortega-Vega ◽  
Jacobo de la Cuesta-Zuluaga ◽  
Eliana P. Velásquez-Mejía ◽  
Winston Rojas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Genetic Ancestry ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Aerobic fitness, Mediterranean diet and cardiometabolic risk factors in adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Rebollo-Ramos ◽  
Daniel Velázquez-Díaz ◽  
Juan Corral-Pérez ◽  
Andre Barany-Ruiz ◽  
Alejandro Pérez-Bey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Hemodialysis Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabel Biruete ◽  
Jacob M. Allen ◽  
Brandon M. Kistler ◽  
Jin Hee Jeong ◽  
Peter J. Fitschen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

scholarly journals Effects of dietary fat on gut microbiota and faecal metabolites, and their relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors: a 6-month randomised controlled-feeding trial

Gut ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1417-1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wan ◽  
Fenglei Wang ◽  
Jihong Yuan ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Dandan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Proinflammatory Factors

ObjectiveTo investigate whether diets differing in fat content alter the gut microbiota and faecal metabolomic profiles, and to determine their relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy adults whose diet is in a transition from a traditional low-fat diet to a diet high in fat and reduced in carbohydrate.MethodsIn a 6-month randomised controlled-feeding trial, 217 healthy young adults (aged 18–35 years; body mass index <28 kg/m2; 52% women) who completed the whole trial were included. All the foods were provided during the intervention period. The three isocaloric diets were: a lower-fat diet (fat 20% energy), a moderate-fat diet (fat 30% energy) and a higher-fat diet (fat 40% energy). The effects of the dietary interventions on the gut microbiota, faecal metabolomics and plasma inflammatory factors were investigated.ResultsThe lower-fat diet was associated with increased α-diversity assessed by the Shannon index (p=0.03), increased abundance of Blautia (p=0.007) and Faecalibacterium (p=0.04), whereas the higher-fat diet was associated with increased Alistipes (p=0.04), Bacteroides (p<0.001) and decreased Faecalibacterium (p=0.04). The concentration of total short-chain fatty acids was significantly decreased in the higher-fat diet group in comparison with the other groups (p<0.001). The cometabolites p-cresol and indole, known to be associated with host metabolic disorders, were decreased in the lower-fat diet group. In addition, the higher-fat diet was associated with faecal enrichment in arachidonic acid and the lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis pathway as well as elevated plasma proinflammatory factors after the intervention.ConclusionHigher-fat consumption by healthy young adults whose diet is in a state of nutrition transition appeared to be associated with unfavourable changes in gut microbiota, faecal metabolomic profiles and plasma proinflammatory factors, which might confer adverse consequences for long-term health outcomes.Trial registration numberNCT02355795; Results.

scholarly journals Effects of a Vegetarian Diet on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Gut Microbiota, and Plasma Metabolome in Subjects With Ischemic Heart Disease: A Randomized, Crossover Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Demir Djekic ◽  
Lin Shi ◽  
Harald Brolin ◽  
Frida Carlsson ◽  
Charlotte Särnqvist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Plasma Metabolites

Background A vegetarian diet (VD) may reduce future cardiovascular risk in patients with ischemic heart disease. Methods and Results A randomized crossover study was conducted in subjects with ischemic heart disease, assigned to 4‐week intervention periods of isocaloric VD and meat diet (MD) with individually designed diet plans, separated by a 4‐week washout period. The primary outcome was difference in oxidized low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) between diets. Secondary outcomes were differences in cardiometabolic risk factors, quality of life, gut microbiota, fecal short‐chain and branched‐chain fatty acids, and plasma metabolome. Of 150 eligible patients, 31 (21%) agreed to participate, and 27 (87%) participants completed the study. Mean oxidized LDL‐C (−2.73 U/L), total cholesterol (−5.03 mg/dL), LDL‐C (−3.87 mg/dL), and body weight (−0.67 kg) were significantly lower with the VD than with the MD. Differences between VD and MD were observed in the relative abundance of several microbe genera within the families Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Akkermansiaceae. Plasma metabolites, including l ‐carnitine, acylcarnitine metabolites, and phospholipids, differed in subjects consuming VD and MD. The effect on oxidized LDL‐C in response to the VD was associated with a baseline gut microbiota composition dominated by several genera of Ruminococcaceae. Conclusions The VD in conjunction with optimal medical therapy reduced levels of oxidized LDL‐C, improved cardiometabolic risk factors, and altered the relative abundance of gut microbes and plasma metabolites in patients with ischemic heart disease. Our results suggest that composition of the gut microbiota at baseline may be related to the reduction of oxidized LDL‐C observed with the VD. Registration URL: https://www.clini​caltr​ials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT02942628.

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