scholarly journals Effects of induction on the farrowing process and piglet blood parameters at time of farrowing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayla M Mills ◽  
Larissa K Shirley ◽  
Katharine Sharp ◽  
Ricardo Garcia ◽  
Aridany Suarez-Trujillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Base Excess ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Fetal Blood ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Postnatal Mortality ◽  
Umbilical Cords

Abstract Historically, sows have been induced to farrow using prostaglandin followed by an injection of oxytocin 24 hours later. Benefits of induction can include decreased rate of stillbirths, dystocia, and postnatal mortality along with increasing the likelihood of farrowings being attended. Several studies have indicated that oxytocin administration may negatively impact fetal oxygen supply during parturition, potentially from umbilical cords breaking prior to birth, resulting in increased preweaning mortality. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine if various induction protocols impact umbilical cord breakage and fetal blood parameters at birth. Fifty-eight primiparous and multiparous sows were assigned to one of three treatments: no induction (NO; n= 24), or 2 cc prostaglandin administered on d114 of gestation followed by either 1 cc of oxytocin 24 hours later (OXY24; n=13) or 0.5 cc of oxytocin at 6 and 12 hours after prostaglandin (OXY6; n=21). Details of the farrowing process were recorded, and umbilical cord blood was collected from piglets at birth and evaluated on an iSTAT machine using an Abbott EC8+ test cartridge. There were no differences in total born, number born alive, stillborns, mummies, or assistance needed during farrowing. Induced sows were more likely to farrow by d115 compared to naturally farrowing sows (P=0.02). Sows in the OXY24 treatment tended to have longer farrowings when compared to both NO and OXY6 (4.8 vs 3.6 vs 3.9 hours; P=0.09). Colostrum from OXY6 sows tended to have a greater amount of lactose present than NO and OXY24 (P=0.05). Colostrum from sows with longer gestation lengths had higher percent fat (P=0.03). Piglets born from NO sows had higher base excess, total carbon dioxide, and glucose which suggests that these piglets had prolonged moments of asphyxiation (P<0.01). OXY24 piglets had the lowest blood pH which is indicative of hypoxic birthing conditions (P<0.01). Preweaning mortality was driven largely by a low birth weight coupled with low colostrum intake (P=0.03). All piglets regardless of treatment, displayed signs of stress during farrowing. Induction did not influence preweaning mortality but has the potential to decrease the incidence by increasing attended farrowings.

PSV-1 Effects of Induction on Piglet Blood Parameters at Time of Farrowing

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 207-207
Author(s):  
Kayla M Mills ◽  
Larissa K Shirley ◽  
Katharine G Sharp ◽  
Ricardo M Garcia ◽  
Kara R Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Base Excess ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Fetal Blood ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Postnatal Mortality ◽  
Umbilical Cords

Abstract Typically, sows are induced to farrow using prostaglandin followed by an injection of oxytocin 24 hours later. Benefits of induction can include decreased rate of stillbirths, dystocia, and postnatal mortality along with increasing the likelihood of farrowings being attended. Several studies have indicated that oxytocin administration may negatively impact fetal oxygen supply during parturition, potentially from umbilical cords breaking prior to birth, resulting in increased preweaning mortality. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine if various induction protocols impact umbilical cord breakage and fetal blood parameters at birth. Fifty-eight primiparous and multiparous sows were assigned to one of three treatments: no induction (NO; n=24), or 2 cc Lutalyse administered on d114 of gestation followed by either 1 cc of oxytocin 24 hours later (OXY24; n=13) or 0.5 cc of oxytocin at 6 and 12 hours after Lutalyse (OXY6; n=21). Details of the farrowing process were recorded, and umbilical cord blood was collected from piglets at birth and evaluated on an iSTAT machine using an Abbott EC8+ test cartridge. There were no differences in total born, number born alive, stillborns, mummies, or assistance needed during farrowing. Sows in the OXY24 treatment tended to have longer farrowings when compared to both NO and OXY6 (5.6 vs 3.7 vs 3.7 hours; P=0.09). OXY24 gilts (38%) and NO sows (33%) tended to have more piglets born with broken umbilical cords than other parities and treatments (OXY24 sows: 19%; NO gilts: 18%; OXY6 gilts: 25%; OXY6 sows: 18%; P=0.07). Piglets born from NO sows had higher base excess, total carbon dioxide, and glucose which suggests that these piglets had prolonged moments of asphyxiation (P< 0.01). OXY24 piglets had the lowest blood pH which is indicative of hypoxic birthing conditions (P< 0.01). There were no signs of asphyxia in the blood parameters of piglets born from OXY6 sows. Therefore, multiple low doses of oxytocin to induce farrowing may be more beneficial for the welfare of the piglet during farrowing.

scholarly journals Associations between piglet umbilical blood hematological criteria, birth order, birth interval, colostrum intake, and piglet survival

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiah M Gourley ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Umbilical Cords ◽  
Piglet Survival

Abstract A total of 656 pigs (623 live-born and 33 stillborn) from 43 sows were used to evaluate hematological criteria at birth and their association with piglet survival. At birth of each piglet, birth time and order within the litter, weight, umbilical cord status (intact or ruptured) and whether the pig was live-born or stillborn were recorded. A 200µL sample of blood from the umbilical cord was collected and immediately analyzed for concentrations of glucose, oxygen partial pressure (pO2), carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2), pH, base excess (BE), bicarbonate (HCO3), saturated oxygen (sO2), total carbon dioxide (TCO2), sodium, potassium, ionized calcium (iCa), hematocrit (Hct), and hemoglobin (Hb) on a hand held iStat portable clinical analyzer (iStat Alinity, Abbott Point of Care Inc., Princeton, NJ). Piglets were categorized into quartiles based on birth order and cumulative birth interval (CumBI). Live-born pigs had higher (P < 0.01) umbilical cord blood pH, HCO3, BE, sO2, TCO2, and birth weight compared with stillborn pigs, but lower (P < 0.01) pCO2, K, iCa, and glucose compared with stillborn pigs. Pigs with intact umbilical cords at birth were associated with higher (P < 0.01) blood pH, HCO3, BE, and TCO2 compared with piglets born with a ruptured umbilical cord. Pigs with intact umbilical cords were associated with lower (P < 0.01) Hct and Hb concentrations and born earlier (P < 0.01) in the birth order compared with pigs born with a ruptured umbilical cord. Pigs that did not survive to weaning had lower (P < 0.01) umbilical cord blood pH, HCO3, BE, sO2, TCO2, Na, glucose, and birth weight, and 24 hr weight compared with pigs alive at weaning. Pigs born in the first quartile for CumBI had higher (P <0.05) pH compared with pigs in the other three quartiles. Umbilical cord blood HCO3, BE, and TCO2 decreased (P <0.05) with each change in CumBI quartile from first to last. Blood glucose was lowest (P <0.05) in pigs born before 44 min and highest in pigs born after 164 min. Umbilical cord blood pH, HCO3, BE, TCO2, Na, glucose, Hct, and Hb were positively associated (P <0.001) with colostrum intake, indicating increased blood values resulted in higher colostrum intake. Although a pig may be live-born, their survival to 24 hr and to weaning is reduced when blood pH, HCO3, BE, and sO2 are lower reiterating the importance of management practices that can reduce the birth interval between pigs and the number of pigs experiencing moderate to severe hypoxia.

scholarly journals The effects of diet supplemented with sodium bicarbonate upon blood pH, blood gases and eggshell quality in laying geese

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kaya ◽  
B. Karademir ◽  
O. Ucar
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Base Excess ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Eggshell Quality ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Normal Health

The effects of diet supplemented with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO<sub>3</sub>) upon blood pH, blood gases and eggshell quality during the laying cycle in geese were investigated. Fourteen geese aged 2 yr old were divided into two groups as; control (Group C, n = 7) and 0.5% NaHCO<sub>3 </sub>-supplemented group (Group T, n = 7). After 15&nbsp;days of adaptation period, blood samples were collected every 6 h during a single laying cycle (over 42 h) and the data obtained were analysed for the pH, base excess (BE-B), HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>&ndash;</sup> concentration, partial CO<sub>2</sub> pressure (pCO<sub>2</sub>) and total CO<sub>2</sub> concentration (tCO<sub>2</sub>). The parameters of eggshell quality (i.e. thickness and weight) were also measured following the laying. No correlation was found between the groups for the same blood parameters measured. But, there was a significant correlation (min. r = 0.946 and P &lt; 0.05) between all the parameters except for the pH in the groups. Following NaHCO<sub>3</sub> supplementation of diet however, there was no significant improvement in eggshell thickness and weight. These findings indicate that the NaHCO<sub>3</sub> supplementation of diet may support the maintenance of venous blood pH, BE-B, HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>&ndash;</sup>, pCO<sub>2</sub> and tCO<sub>2</sub> levels at the physiological ranges which are required for normal health and production status of goose during the laying cycle.

scholarly journals Blood total carbon dioxide content and bicarbonate can be used together to predict blood pH correctly in venous blood samples

Renal Failure ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-146
Author(s):  
Fatih Bulucu ◽  
Mustafa Çakar ◽  
Ömer Kurt ◽  
Fatih Yeşildal ◽  
Hakan Şarlak
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Content ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Blood Ph

Assessment of the cardiotoxicity of tulathromycin in rabbits

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayse Er ◽  
Feray Altan ◽  
Gul Cetin ◽  
Burak Dik ◽  
Muammer Elmas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Base Excess ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Creatine Kinase Mb ◽  
Ionised Calcium

The aim of this study was to determine the cardiotoxic potency of tulathromycin. Tulathromycin (10 mg/kg, SC) was administered to ten adult male rabbits, and blood samples were obtained before and after drug administration (0 and 6 hours). Serum cardiac damage markers (troponin I, creatine kinase-MB, myoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase), routine serum biochemical values (alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, amylase, total protein, albumin, glucose, calcium, ionised calcium, sodium, potassium), white blood cell (WBC) and red blood cell (RBC) counts, arterial blood gas parameters (pH, partial carbon dioxide pressure, partial oxygen pressure, actual bicarbonate, standard bicarbonate, total carbon dioxide, base excessin vivo, base excessin vitro, oxygen saturation, packed cell volume, haemoglobin) and serum oxidative status (malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase, retinol, β-carotene) were measured. Increased levels of troponin I, creatine kinase-MB and creatinine, and decreased WBC counts, ionised calcium and potassium levels were observed after drug administration. Tulathromycin treatment may cause cardiotoxicity, but its effects may be less dramatic than those of other macrolide antibiotics frequently used in veterinary medicine.

scholarly journals Inline Milk Lactose Concentration as Biomarker of the Health Status in Fresh Dairy Cows

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mindaugas Televičius ◽  
Vida Juozaitiene ◽  
Dovilė Malašauskienė ◽  
Ramūnas Antanaitis ◽  
Arūnas Rutkauskas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Base Excess ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Lactose Concentration

In this study pH, temperature of the contents of the forestomach of cows and cow activity were measured using specific smaXtec boluses manufactured for animal care. Rumination time, body weight, milk yield, milk fat/protein ratio, milk lactose, milk somatic cell count, milk electrical conductivity and conception of concentrates were registered with the help of Lely Astronaut&reg; A3 milking robots. The following parameters were obtained: base excess in blood, partial carbon dioxide pressure, partial oxygen pressure, bicarbonate, hydrogen potential, total carbon dioxide carbon, base excess in extracellular fluid, sodium, calcium, potassium, packed cell volume, chlorides, hemoglobin concentration and lactate. According to the concentration of lactose in milk, cows were grouped into two groups: group 1 - milk lactose &amp;lt;4.70% (n = 20), group 2 - milk lactose &ge; 4.70% (n = 15). Data of cows were also divided by milk fat and protein ratio: F/P&amp;lt;1.2 (class 1), F/P=1.2 (class 2) and F/P&amp;gt;1.2 (class 3). According our results we can conclude that inline registered milk lactose concentration can be used as indicator for the health status of fresh dairy cows. Cows with higher lactose concentration (&ge; 4.70%) developed more activity (54.47%) and had less risk of mastitis (lover milk EC, and SCC) and metabolic disorders according to F/P. Cows with higher lactose concentration showed higher glucose concentrations. Low level of lactose can be used as indicator of mastitis (milk SCC &ge; 100 thousand/ml) and metabolic disorders according to F/P.

scholarly journals Umbilical Cord Blood Gas Parameters and Apgar Scoring in Assessment of New-Born Dogs Delivered by Cesarean Section

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 685
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Antończyk ◽  
Małgorzata Ochota ◽  
Wojciech Niżański
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Apgar Score ◽  
Base Excess ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Apgar Scores ◽  
Risk Of Death

The article presents the results of the clinical evaluation (Apgar scores, AS) and umbilical cord blood gas analysis (UCBGA) obtained from clamped umbilical cords of newborn pups delivered by the elective Caesarean section. The study was planned as a controlled clinical study, the newborns were allocated into one of the groups, I—critical neonates (severe distress, AS ≤ 3), II—weak neonates (moderate distress, AS 4–6) and III—healthy neonates (no distress, AS ≥ 7). The following parameters were evaluated: pH (pH units), carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2; mmHg), oxygen partial pressure (pO2; mmHg), actual bicarbonate (cHCO3-; mmol/L), total carbon dioxide (cTCO2; mmol/L), base excess of extracellular fluid (BE(ecf); mmol/L), base excess of blood (BE(b); mmol/L), oxygen saturation (csO2; %), lactate (Lac; mg/dl), hematocrit (Hct; %PCV), hemoglobin (cHgb; g/dl), glucose (Glu; mg/dl), ions (Na, K, Ca, Cl). The majority of puppies had low AS at birth (AS 4–6 in 38.1% and AS ≤ 3 in 57.1% of the neonates), but most of them (85.7%) improved by the 20th min. reaching AS of 7 and more. Moreover, puppies with lower AS (≤ 3) were at higher risk of death within the first 24h (20.8% did not survive). The positive correlation was found between Apgar score measured at 0 minute and pH (r = 0.46, p = 0.01), and between Apgar score (at 0 min) and base excess in whole blood measured [BE(b)] r = 0.36, p = 0.03). Whereas, a negative correlation was detected between Apgar score at 0 and 5th minute and glycemia (r = −0.42, p = 0.05, r = −0.34, p = 0.02 respectively. Overall, the puppies with higher glucose levels had lower Apgar scores and were at higher risk of death. Furthermore, in our study, the newborn puppies had mild acidemia with elevated pCO2 levels and the HCO3 at the lower range of normal limits, suggesting the mixed component in the acidemic state. Adaptation to extra-uterine life is crucial and any practical improvement in neonatal diagnostics and care would be beneficial for newborn puppy survival.

Acute cord occlusion increases blood ionized magnesium concentration in preterm fetal sheep during maternal magnesium sulfate exposure

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D Reynolds ◽  
Elizabeth G Grubbs ◽  
Franklin Dexter ◽  
Santi Punnahitananda ◽  
Tracy A Dense ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Sulfate ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Fetal Blood ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Ionized Magnesium ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Pregnant Sheep

This study tested the hypothesis that a pathophysiologic insult to the fetus that decreases pH (umbilical cord occlusion) produces an increase in physiologically active (i.e., ionized) magnesium concentration. Preterm pregnant sheep (n = 7) were instrumented with maternal and fetal catheters and an inflatable vascular occluder was placed around the umbilical cord. After a 2-day recovery period, each ewe received a 4-g loading dose, followed by continuous intravenous infusion of 1 g magnesium sulfate/h. After 48 h, an episode of acute fetal distress was produced by inflation of the umbilical occluder for 10 min. Maternal and fetal arterial blood samples were collected at regular intervals to quantitate ionized magnesium concentration and monitor physiologic status. Magnesium sulfate infusion increased maternal and fetal blood ionized magnesium concentration. In vitro blood analysis demonstrated that there was a linear inverse correlation (r2= 0.99) between fetal sheep blood pH and ionized magnesium concentration. In vivo, 10 min of umbilical cord occlusion produced an increase in fetal blood ionized magnesium concentration in all animals (P = 0.02) that was temporally related to the decrease in fetal blood pH. Whether this increase in physiologically active magnesium concentration is beneficial (via neuroprotection) or deleterious (via suppression of stress response) to the distressed fetus remains to be determined.Key words: fetal, hypoxia, ionized magnesium, magnesium sulfate, sheep.

scholarly journals Blood gas analysis in Mangalarga Marchador horses with colic

2015 ◽  
pp. 4447-4454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiane F. Castro ◽  
Félix González
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Base Excess ◽  
Anion Gap ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Partial Pressure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intestinal Segment ◽  
Blood Gas

Objective. This study aims to distinguish blood gas changes in horses with colic syndrome in which small or large intestine is affected. Materials and methods. Thirty Mangalarga Marchador horses were assessed, divided into groups according to the affected intestinal segment in episodes of colic syndrome (ECS): a group (N=10) of horses suffering from ECS with lesions only in the small intestine, a group (N=10) of horses suffering from ECS with lesions only in the large intestine and a group (N=10) of healthy horses (control). All the animals with ECS were submitted to exploratory laparotomy in order to establish the intestinal segment affected. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture, before surgical procedure to determine sodium, potassium, chloride, urea, glucose, hematocrit, hemoglobin, pH, carbon dioxide partial pressure, total carbon dioxide concentration, bicarbonate, base excess and anion gap. Results. No significant changes were found in plasma levels of Na+, K+, Cl- , pCO2 and anion gap in any type of ECS. Horses with small intestine injuries presented higher levels of tCO2, urea and bicarbonate compared to those with large intestine injuries and to the control group, as well as higher levels of glucose and base excess than the control group. Conclusions. Horses with colic syndrome bearing small intestine injuries show wider variations in the blood gas parameters than horses with large bowel lesions. Key word: Acid-base imbalance, electrolytes, large intestine, small intestine (Source:CAB).

scholarly journals The effect of 60 km endurance exercise on serum electrolytes and acid–base balance in the Žemaitukai horses

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
Indrė Poškienė ◽  
Vida Juozaitienė ◽  
Renata Gruodytė ◽  
Ramūnas Antanaitis
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Base Excess ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Blood Indices ◽  
Base Balance

The Lithuanian Žemaitukai horse breed is one of the oldest in Europe. Currently, there is a lack of information about the effect of endurance competition on blood indices and acid–base balance in the Žemaitukai horses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of endurance exercise on the acid–base balance and electrolyte indicators of the Žemaitukai horses in an official endurance competition. In total, 48 horses of the Žemaitukai breed competed in endurance competitions over the same distance (60 km). Samples were taken before and immediately after the exercise. The following indicators were analysed: the hydrogen potential (pH), partial carbon dioxide pressure (pCO2), partial oxygen pressure (pO2), base excess in blood (BE), base excess in the extracellular fluid [BE (ecf)], cHCO3 (bicarbonate), cSO2 (oxygen saturation), tCO2 (blood total carbon dioxide), haematocrit (HCT), haemoglobin concentration (cHgb), sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), chlorides (Cl), and lactate (Lac). Increase in pH showed adaptation of the horse metabolism to exercise. Blood changes were caused by the development of dehydration and metabolic alkalosis. According to Lac results, all horses were fit and tolerated well physical activity. The exercise did not significantly affect the demand for minerals. Based on the results obtained, it can be stated that horses of the Žemaitukai breed are suitable for endurance competing.

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