scholarly journals Umbilical Cord Blood Gas Parameters and Apgar Scoring in Assessment of New-Born Dogs Delivered by Cesarean Section

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 685
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Antończyk ◽  
Małgorzata Ochota ◽  
Wojciech Niżański
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Apgar Score ◽  
Base Excess ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Apgar Scores ◽  
Risk Of Death

The article presents the results of the clinical evaluation (Apgar scores, AS) and umbilical cord blood gas analysis (UCBGA) obtained from clamped umbilical cords of newborn pups delivered by the elective Caesarean section. The study was planned as a controlled clinical study, the newborns were allocated into one of the groups, I—critical neonates (severe distress, AS ≤ 3), II—weak neonates (moderate distress, AS 4–6) and III—healthy neonates (no distress, AS ≥ 7). The following parameters were evaluated: pH (pH units), carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2; mmHg), oxygen partial pressure (pO2; mmHg), actual bicarbonate (cHCO3-; mmol/L), total carbon dioxide (cTCO2; mmol/L), base excess of extracellular fluid (BE(ecf); mmol/L), base excess of blood (BE(b); mmol/L), oxygen saturation (csO2; %), lactate (Lac; mg/dl), hematocrit (Hct; %PCV), hemoglobin (cHgb; g/dl), glucose (Glu; mg/dl), ions (Na, K, Ca, Cl). The majority of puppies had low AS at birth (AS 4–6 in 38.1% and AS ≤ 3 in 57.1% of the neonates), but most of them (85.7%) improved by the 20th min. reaching AS of 7 and more. Moreover, puppies with lower AS (≤ 3) were at higher risk of death within the first 24h (20.8% did not survive). The positive correlation was found between Apgar score measured at 0 minute and pH (r = 0.46, p = 0.01), and between Apgar score (at 0 min) and base excess in whole blood measured [BE(b)] r = 0.36, p = 0.03). Whereas, a negative correlation was detected between Apgar score at 0 and 5th minute and glycemia (r = −0.42, p = 0.05, r = −0.34, p = 0.02 respectively. Overall, the puppies with higher glucose levels had lower Apgar scores and were at higher risk of death. Furthermore, in our study, the newborn puppies had mild acidemia with elevated pCO2 levels and the HCO3 at the lower range of normal limits, suggesting the mixed component in the acidemic state. Adaptation to extra-uterine life is crucial and any practical improvement in neonatal diagnostics and care would be beneficial for newborn puppy survival.

Risk factors of incomplete Apgar score and umbilical cord blood gas analysis: a retrospective observational study

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (21) ◽  
pp. 2539-2544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne A. C. van Tetering ◽  
Joost van de Ven ◽  
Annemarie F. Fransen ◽  
Jeanne P. Dieleman ◽  
Pieter J. van Runnard Heimel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Apgar Score ◽  
Blood Gas Analysis ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study ◽  
Blood Gas

scholarly journals Predict respiratory distress syndrome by umbilical cord blood gas analysis in newborns with reassuring Apgar score

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe De Bernardo ◽  
Rita De Santis ◽  
Maurizio Giordano ◽  
Desiree Sordino ◽  
Giuseppe Buonocore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Apgar Score ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Blood Gas Analysis ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Blood Gas

scholarly journals Analysis of umbilical cord blood gas in term and near term asphyxiated newborn babies

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Amrit Ghimire ◽  
Laxman Shrestha ◽  
Merina Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Apgar Score ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Blood Ph

Introductions: Birth asphyxia is failure breathing causing severe consequences or death. This study aims to determine the incidence of perinatal asphyxia in neonates with low Apgar and Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) in asphyxiated babies. Methods: This was a cross sectional study from November 1, 2010 to July 30, 2011. Babies with Apgar score of less than seven at five minute were enrolled in the study. Blood was drawn from umbilical cord artery for blood gas analysis. Neonates were followed up in every six hours for at least 48 hours. Staging of HIE according to Sarnat staging was done in babies with Apgar score of <7 at five minutes within 24 hours of birth. Data was analysed using SPSS version 16.0. Results: Total of 2,425 live births, 56 (2.30%) were born with an Apgar of < 7 at five minute, six were excluded (due to set exclusion criteria) and remaining 50 were analysed. Thirty-four (68% of 50) of babies with low Apgar score had maternal risk factors – meconium stained liquor being the commonest risk factor. Majority (46%) had cord blood pH of >7.2, 40% had between 7.1 to 7.2, 12% between 7 to 7.1 and remaining 2% had pH < 7. HIE developed in 22% (11/50) of the asphyxiated babies. Conclusions: More than 1/3rd (46%) of babies with low Apgar had low cord blood pH, 1/4th (26%) had base excess, and 22% developed features of HIE. Cord blood pH were better predictors than Apgar in asphyxiated babies.  

scholarly journals Associations between piglet umbilical blood hematological criteria, birth order, birth interval, colostrum intake, and piglet survival

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiah M Gourley ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Umbilical Cords ◽  
Piglet Survival

Abstract A total of 656 pigs (623 live-born and 33 stillborn) from 43 sows were used to evaluate hematological criteria at birth and their association with piglet survival. At birth of each piglet, birth time and order within the litter, weight, umbilical cord status (intact or ruptured) and whether the pig was live-born or stillborn were recorded. A 200µL sample of blood from the umbilical cord was collected and immediately analyzed for concentrations of glucose, oxygen partial pressure (pO2), carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2), pH, base excess (BE), bicarbonate (HCO3), saturated oxygen (sO2), total carbon dioxide (TCO2), sodium, potassium, ionized calcium (iCa), hematocrit (Hct), and hemoglobin (Hb) on a hand held iStat portable clinical analyzer (iStat Alinity, Abbott Point of Care Inc., Princeton, NJ). Piglets were categorized into quartiles based on birth order and cumulative birth interval (CumBI). Live-born pigs had higher (P &lt; 0.01) umbilical cord blood pH, HCO3, BE, sO2, TCO2, and birth weight compared with stillborn pigs, but lower (P &lt; 0.01) pCO2, K, iCa, and glucose compared with stillborn pigs. Pigs with intact umbilical cords at birth were associated with higher (P &lt; 0.01) blood pH, HCO3, BE, and TCO2 compared with piglets born with a ruptured umbilical cord. Pigs with intact umbilical cords were associated with lower (P &lt; 0.01) Hct and Hb concentrations and born earlier (P &lt; 0.01) in the birth order compared with pigs born with a ruptured umbilical cord. Pigs that did not survive to weaning had lower (P &lt; 0.01) umbilical cord blood pH, HCO3, BE, sO2, TCO2, Na, glucose, and birth weight, and 24 hr weight compared with pigs alive at weaning. Pigs born in the first quartile for CumBI had higher (P &lt;0.05) pH compared with pigs in the other three quartiles. Umbilical cord blood HCO3, BE, and TCO2 decreased (P &lt;0.05) with each change in CumBI quartile from first to last. Blood glucose was lowest (P &lt;0.05) in pigs born before 44 min and highest in pigs born after 164 min. Umbilical cord blood pH, HCO3, BE, TCO2, Na, glucose, Hct, and Hb were positively associated (P &lt;0.001) with colostrum intake, indicating increased blood values resulted in higher colostrum intake. Although a pig may be live-born, their survival to 24 hr and to weaning is reduced when blood pH, HCO3, BE, and sO2 are lower reiterating the importance of management practices that can reduce the birth interval between pigs and the number of pigs experiencing moderate to severe hypoxia.

The Fetal Reserve Index Significantly Outperforms ACOG Category System in Predicting Cord Blood Base Excess and pH: A Methodological Failure of the Category System

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 858-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark I. Evans ◽  
David W. Britt ◽  
Robert D. Eden ◽  
Paula Gallagher ◽  
Shara M. Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Base Excess ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Category System

Objective:Electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) has been used extensively for almost 50 years but performs poorly in predicting and preventing adverse neonatal outcome. In recent years, the current “enhanced” classification of patterns (category I-III system [CAT]) were introduced into routine practice without corroborative studies, which has resulted in even EFM experts lamenting its value. Since abnormalities of arterial cord blood parameters correlate reasonably well with risk of fetal injury, here we compare the statistical performance of EFM using the current CAT system with the Fetal Reserve Index (FRI) for predicting derangements in base excess (BE), pH, and pO2in arterial cord blood.Methods:We utilized a research database of labor data, including umbilical cord blood measurements to assess patients by both worst CAT and last FRI classifications. We compared these approaches for their ability to predict BE, pH, and pO2in cord blood.Results:The FRI showed a clear correlation with cord blood BE and pH with BE being more highly correlated than pH. The CAT was much less predictive than FRI ( P < .05). The CAT II cases had FRI scores across the spectrum of severity of FRI designations and as such provide little clinical discrimination. The PO2was not discriminatory, in part, because of neonatal interventions.Conclusions:The Fetal Reserve Index (FRI) provides superior performance over CAT classification of FHR patterns in predicting the BE and pH in umbilical cord blood. Furthermore, the CAT system fails to satisfy multiple fundamental principles required for successful screening programs. Limitations of CAT are further compounded by assumptions about physiology that are not consistent with clinical observations.

Umbilical cord blood gas analysis at delivery

1996 ◽  
Vol 175 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorp ◽  
Dildy ◽  
Yeomans ◽  
Meyer ◽  
Parisi
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Blood Gas Analysis ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Blood Gas
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