scholarly journals A review of compensatory growth following lysine restriction in grow-finish pigs1

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 531-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana B Menegat ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Database Analysis ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Current State ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Nutritional Restriction ◽  
Relative Differences

Abstract Compensatory growth induced by lysine (Lys) restriction in grow-finish pigs is a complex physiological process affected by many factors and interactions, principally genotype, stage of growth at restriction, nature of nutritional restriction, and patterns of restriction and recovery. The scarcity of standard comparisons across the literature has hindered the characterization of important determinants of compensatory growth. Therefore, the present publication aims to review the current state of knowledge on compensatory growth induced by Lys restriction in grow-finish pigs, develop a database from peer-reviewed literature to standardize comparisons to characterize the occurrence of compensatory growth, and provide practical considerations for compensatory growth under field conditions. The literature search focused on publications directly or indirectly evaluating compensatory growth by having a period of Lys restriction followed by a recovery period of Lys sufficiency for grow-finish pigs. The database included 14 publications and 57 comparisons expressed as relative differences of restricted pigs compared to nonrestricted pigs. The database analysis described compensatory growth into complete, incomplete, and no compensatory growth categories and characterized the patterns of restriction and recovery in each category. The review of literature and database analysis supports the occurrence of compensatory growth induced by Lys restriction in grow-finish pigs. The degree of Lys restriction and duration of restriction and recovery periods seem to be critical in explaining differences between complete and incomplete compensatory growth, whereas Lys level in the recovery period seems to be critical between incomplete or no compensatory growth. Compensatory growth seems to be more likely if: 1) the degree of Lys restriction is between 10% and 30%; 2) Lys restriction is induced before pigs reach their maximum protein deposition; 3) duration of Lys restriction is short (maximum 40–45% overall duration) and duration of recovery period is long (minimum 55–60% overall duration); and 4) Lys level in recovery is close to or above the estimated requirements. In addition, compensatory growth can occur under commercial conditions and there seems to be an opportunity to exploit compensatory growth in grow-finish pigs to reduce feed cost and improve feed efficiency under certain market conditions.

scholarly journals 76 Compensatory growth following lysine restriction in grow-finish pigs: literature review and analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 53-54
Author(s):  
Mariana Boscato Menegat ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Database Analysis ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Relative Differences

Abstract A literature review on compensatory growth induced by lysine restriction in grow-finish pigs was conducted. First, a database was developed to standardize comparisons across the peer-reviewed literature and characterize the occurrence of compensatory growth. Publications had to include: pigs with minimum initial weight of 15 kg; a group of “non-restricted pigs” not subjected to a restriction period; a group of “restricted pigs” subjected to a restriction period induced by decreasing lysine alone, lysine and other amino acids, or crude protein in diets; a recovery period following the restriction period in which the same diet was fed to restricted and non-restricted pigs; and ad libitum feed consumption. The database included 14 publications and 57 comparisons expressed as relative differences between restricted pigs and non-restricted pigs. The database analysis categorized compensatory growth into complete, incomplete, and no compensatory growth, and characterized the patterns of restriction and recovery in each category (Table 1). The data analysis supports that compensatory growth induced by lysine restriction in grow-finish pigs occurs. The degree of lysine restriction as well as restriction and recovery duration seem critical in explaining differences between complete and incomplete compensatory growth. Also, inadequate lysine level in the recovery period seems to be associated with incomplete or no compensatory growth. Compensatory growth is more likely if: degree of lysine restriction is between 10 to 30%; lysine restriction is induced before pigs reach their maximum protein deposition; duration of lysine restriction is short and duration of recovery period is long; and lysine level in the recovery period is close to or above the estimated requirements.

Compensatory growth in sheep and cattle. II. Changes in body composition and tissue weights

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 1623 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ Ryan ◽  
IH Williams ◽  
RJ Moir
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Maintenance Requirement ◽  
Nutritional Restriction ◽  
Ad Libitum

Compensatory growth can be due to increased protein deposition, reduced maintenance and greater feed intake. However, the contribution to and interaction between these mechanisms during compensatory growth is not clear. It was hypothesized that initial compensatory growth was due to reduced maintenance requirement and greater deposition of protein, after which compensatory growth was due to greater feed intake. Changes in the composition of sheep and cattle were measured during nutritional restriction and subsequent compensatory growth, and compared with the changes in control animals fed ad libitum throughout. At the end of the experiment the restricted cattle had compensated completely, and there was no difference in the body composition of the restricted and the control cattle. The restricted sheep did not compensate completely and were leaner than the control sheep. During nutritional restriction there was differential weight loss of carcase tissues in both the sheep and the cattle. The greatest losses were in the liver and the digestive tract in both species and in the skin of the sheep. It was concluded that the loss of these tissues reduced the maintenance requirement of the restricted animals and that the lowered maintenance requirement persisted during re-alimentation until these tissues had been fully repleted. Further, the repletion of these tissues required an increase in protein deposition, and it was a combination of these two mechanisms that was responsible for compensatory growth during the first 12 weeks of re-alimentation.

Characterization of Beldi chicken and turkeys in rural poultry flocks of Morocco. Current state and future outlook

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Benabdeljelil ◽  
T. Arfaoui
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Future Outlook ◽  
Current State ◽  
Production Improvement ◽  
Rural Poultry

SummaryThe main characteristics of Beldi (meaning “native” in Arabic) poultry raised in rural areas were studied in the Khenifra Region through extensive surveys.Beldi chickens have large phenotypic variability. Black, brown, grey and white colours, pure or mixed, are frequently observed in chickens' featherings while turkeys are predominantly bronze. Plumage types were fairly homogeneous in both species. Single combs and dented combs were respectively predominant in chicken hens and roosters.Sexual maturity was reached at 154 days for roosters, 168 for hens in chicken, around 217 days for toms and 231 for turkey hens. The age at first egg averaged 5.8 months for hens and 8.4 months for turkey hens. The number of eggs laid per hen per year was 78 for chicken and 69 for turkey. Hatchability rate was 78 and 80 percent for chicken and turkeys, respectively. Diseases were the main cause of mortality, which could affect up to 77 percent of chicken flocks.Few preliminary urgent steps for the conservation of Beldi poultry are discussed with other production improvement proposals.

scholarly journals TRENDS OF CONTEMPORARY LEPTOSPIROSIS (REVIEW OF LITERATURE)

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Vladimir N. Gorodin ◽  
D. L. Moysova ◽  
V. A. Bakhtina ◽  
S. V. Zotov
Keyword(s):  
Organ Dysfunction ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Disease Complex ◽  
Modern Information ◽  
Clinically Significant

A review of the literature is devoted to one of the most common and clinically significant zoonoses - leptospirosis. The article summarizes modern information on prevalence, epidemiology, etiopathogenesis and clinical features, diagnosis of leptospirosis infection over the last 10 years. The particular attention is paid to the characterization of severe forms of the disease, complex approaches to the treatment of the disease, correction of organ dysfunction and hemostasis disorders; review.

scholarly journals Charge-dependent flow as evidence of strong electromagnetic fields in heavy-ion collisions

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (39) ◽  
pp. 2050324
Author(s):  
Andrea Dubla ◽  
Umut Gürsoy ◽  
Raimond Snellings
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Heavy Ion Collisions ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Gluon Plasma ◽  
Experimental Characterization ◽  
Ion Collisions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Dependent Flow

The extremely large electromagnetic fields generated in heavy-ion collisions provide access to novel observables that are expected to constrain various key transport properties of the quark-gluon plasma and could help solve one of the outstanding puzzles in QCD: the strong CP problem. In this review we present a brief overview of the theoretical and experimental characterization of these electromagnetic fields. After reviewing the current state, emphasizing one of the observables — the charge-dependent flow — we discuss the various discrepancies between the measurements and theoretical predictions. Finally, to help resolve the discrepancies, we suggest new measurements and theoretical ideas.

Spectroscopic characterization of bone tissue of experimental animals after glucocorticoid treatment and recovery period

2014 ◽  
Vol 1074 ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Žarko J. Mitić ◽  
Stevo J. Najman ◽  
Milorad D. Cakić ◽  
Zorica R. Ajduković ◽  
Nenad L. Ignjatović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Spectroscopic Characterization ◽  
Glucocorticoid Treatment ◽  
Experimental Animals

Exploring university–firm collaboration in teaching: A case study of co-creation

2021 ◽  
pp. 095042222110493
Author(s):  
Maria de Fátima Cruz ◽  
Mário Franco ◽  
Margarida Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Scientific Contribution ◽  
Educational Provision ◽  
Teaching Context ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Subject

Recently, some authors have pointed out that the subject of university–firm collaboration (UFC) in the teaching context has been neglected. To fill this gap, and considering that educational provision is co-created with various stakeholders, this study aims to provide an exploratory characterization of the current state of UFC in the teaching context and to explore UFC as a mechanism for the co-creation of value. A qualitative approach was chosen, through a case study applied to one faculty at a Portuguese university. Data were obtained through documentary analysis and interviews with people in charge of this faculty. The results suggest that collaboration activities in this domain occur, albeit not systematically or in a planned way. The involvement of the current faculty direction in stimulating this collaboration is recognized, and the leaders see this phenomenon as a mechanism for co-creating value between firms and academia. As a practical contribution, the study proposes a set of recommendations to encourage such UFC. The scientific contribution arises from the presentation of a conceptual structure which explores the UFC phenomenon in the teaching context, bringing together the perspectives of collaboration and the co-creation of educational provision, as well as presenting a number of suggestions for future research.

Modeling Speed Disturbance Absorption following Current State–Control Action–Expected State Chains

2005 ◽  
Vol 1934 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruihua Tao ◽  
Heng Wei ◽  
Yinhai Wang ◽  
Virginia P. Sisiopiku
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Period ◽  
Control Action ◽  
State Control ◽  
Trajectory Data ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Car Following ◽  
Current State ◽  
Speed Advantage ◽  
Vehicle Trajectory ◽  
A Current

This paper explores driver behavior in a paired car-following mode in response to a speed disturbance from a front vehicle. A current state– control action–expected state (SAS) chain is developed to provide a framework for modeling of the hierarchy of expected actions incurred during the need for speed disturbance absorption. Three car-following scenarios and one lane-changing scenario are identified with defined perceptual informative variables to describe the process of speed disturbance absorption. Those variables include dynamic spacing versus the follower's speed, disturbance-effecting and -ending spacing, headway, acceleration– deceleration, speed recovery period, speed advantage, and lane-changing duration. A significant improvement in car-following modeling introduced in the paper is the integration of car-following and lane-changing behaviors in the SAS chain. Moreover, critical values of perceptual informative variables are statistically developed as a function of the follower's speed by using observed vehicle trajectory data. Furthermore, models that determine the probability of a lane change in response to a speed disturbance and models for acceptable lane-changing decision-making conditions at the adjacent lanes are developed on the basis of the analysis of observed vehicle trajectory data. The work presented in this paper provides an analysis of speed disturbance and speed absorption phenomena and car-following and lane-changing behaviors at the microscopic level. This work establishes the foundation for further research on multiple speed disturbance absorption and its impact on traffic stabilities at the macroscopic analysis level.

Temporary lysine restriction in newly weaned pigs does not affect carcass and loin quality at slaughter

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-380
Author(s):  
Adam D. Totafurno ◽  
Lee-Anne Huber ◽  
Wilfredo D. Mansilla ◽  
Cornelis F.M. de Lange ◽  
Ira B. Mandell
Keyword(s):  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Grower Diet

Two hundred and forty weaned pigs [initial body weight (BW) 7.2 ± 0.07 kg] were allocated to three diets (eight pens per treatment, 10 pigs per pen) to determine the effects of a temporary lysine (Lys) restriction on subsequent growth, body composition, as well as carcass and loin quality at slaughter. For a 3 wk restriction period, pigs were fed diets that were 110% (control), 20% (Lys20), or 40% (Lys40) below estimated Lys requirements. Thereafter, all pigs were fed a common grower diet containing 120% of the estimated Lys requirement for 6 wk (recovery period) and commercial diets until slaughter at ∼125 kg BW. During the restriction period, average daily gain, gain-to-feed ratio, and whole body protein deposition decreased (linear; P < 0.01), while whole body lipid deposition increased (linear; P < 0.001) with decreased dietary Lys concentrations. At the end of the recovery period, there were no differences in BW, although whole body protein concentration tended to decrease and lipid concentration tended to increase (linear; P = 0.07 and 0.06, respectively) with decreased dietary Lys concentrations. At ∼125 kg, there were no differences in BW, chemical composition, or carcass and loin quality. Compensatory growth was achieved by ∼125 kg BW after a 3 wk Lys restriction for newly weaned pigs without negatively impacting carcass and loin quality.

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