Inquisition of Electro-Magnetic Riga Plate for Laminar Flow

The probation is made to study the stagnation point flow of non-Newtonian fluid for Riga plate. Electric potential and magnetic flux density with time dependent flow is examined. Mesh for electric potential, magnetic flux, laminar flow with physics controlled fine, finer and extra finer option is also represented in details. Inquisition is solved in COMSOL Multi-physics 5.4 to obtain the results of surface magnitude, counter, table surface, magnetic flux, electric potential and coarse mesh for velocity, pressure, magnetic and electric fields. Coarse mesh of electric insulation and magnetic flux of the geometry is created with 6067, 18688 domain elements and 901, 1448 boundary elements. Tables for velocity surface, mesh domain, quadrilateral and triangular elements are also presented. Obtained results are discussed with graphs and tables in details.

Scenario-Aware Program Specialization for Timing Predictability

The successful application of static program analysis strongly depends on flow facts of a program such as loop bounds, control-flow constraints, and operating modes. This problem heavily affects the design of real-time systems, since static program analyses are a prerequisite to determine the timing behavior of a program. For example, this becomes obvious in worst-case execution time (WCET) analysis, which is often infeasible without user-annotated flow facts. Moreover, many timing simulation approaches use statically derived timings of partial program paths to reduce simulation overhead. Annotating flow facts on binary or source level is either error-prone and tedious, or requires specialized compilers that can transform source-level annotations along with the program during optimization. To overcome these obstacles, so-called scenarios can be used. Scenarios are a design-time methodology that describe a set of possible system parameters, such as image resolutions, operating modes, or application-dependent flow facts. The information described by a scenario is unknown in general but known and constant for a specific system. In this article, 1 we present a methodology for scenario-aware program specialization to improve timing predictability. Moreover, we provide an implementation of this methodology for embedded software written in C/C++. We show the effectiveness of our approach by evaluating its impact on WCET analysis using almost all of TACLeBench–achieving an average reduction of WCET of 31%. In addition, we provide a thorough qualitative and evaluation-based comparison to closely related work, as well as two case studies.

Effect of Chain Lengths at Constant Molecular Weights of Water Reducing Admixture on Properties of Cementitious Systems Containing Fly Ash

In this study, the effect of main chain and side chain length of polycarboxylate-ether based high range water reducing admixture (WRA) on the fresh properties, compressive strength and water absorption of cementitious systems containing 0, 15, 30 and 45 wt.% fly ash was investigated. For this purpose, 3 WRAs with same molecular weight but different chain lengths were produced. According to test results, flowability of paste and mortars was negatively affected when the length of the main chain and side chains of the admixture was longer or shorter than a certain value. This adverse effect is thought to be arisen from the weakening of the adsorption of admixture with increase of its chain lengths. However, when the main chain and side chain lengths of the admixture were shorter or longer than a certain value, the time-dependent flow properties of the mortar mixtures improved. The main chain and side chain lengths of the WRAs had not a significant effect on the compressive strength and water absorption capacity of the mortar mixtures. However, irrespective of the admixture characteristics, with the increase of fly ash substitution the flow and time-dependent flow properties of the mixtures were negatively affected but their water absorption decreased.

Comodulation of NO-Dependent Vasodilation by Erythroid Band 3 and Hemoglobin: A GP.Mur Athlete Study

GP.Mur, a red blood cell (RBC) hybrid protein encoded by glycophorin B-A-B, increases expression of erythroid band 3 (Anion Exchanger-1, SLC4A1). GP.Mur is extremely rare but has a prevalence of 1–10% in regions of Southeast Asia. We unexpectedly found slightly higher blood pressure (BP) among healthy Taiwanese adults with GP.Mur. Since band 3 has been suggested to interact with hemoglobin (Hb) to modulate nitric oxide (NO)-dependent hypoxic vasodilation during the respiratory cycle, we hypothesized that GP.Mur red cells could exert differentiable effects on vascular tone. Here we recruited GP.Mur-positive and GP.Mur-negative elite male college athletes, as well as age-matched, GP.Mur-negative non-athletes, for NO-dependent flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and NO-independent dilation (NID). The subjects were also tested for plasma nitrite and nitrate before and after arterial occlusion in FMD. GP.Mur+ and non-GP.Mur athletes exhibited similar heart rates and blood pressure, but GP.Mur+ athletes showed significantly lower FMD (4.8 ± 2.4%) than non-GP.Mur athletes (6.5 ± 2.1%). NO-independent vasodilation was not affected by GP.Mur. As Hb controls intravascular NO bioavailability, we examined the effect of Hb on limiting FMD and found it to be significantly stronger in GP.Mur+ subjects. Biochemically, plasma nitrite levels were directly proportional to individual band 3 expression on the red cell membrane. The increase of plasma nitrite triggered by arterial occlusion also showed small dependency on band 3 levels in non-GP.Mur subjects. By the GP.Mur comparative study, we unveiled comodulation of NO-dependent vasodilation by band 3 and Hb, and verified the long-pending role of erythroid band 3 in this process.

Manipulating Sodium Caseinate Behaviour at the Interface: Applications for Concentrated Emulsion Formulation

<p>The effect of ionic strength, pH and droplet size distribution on the stability and rheological properties of concentrated emulsions formed using sodium caseinate was investigated. The emulsions were formulated with soybean oil concentration between 50 and 70 wt% and 1 wt% protein. In order to understand the role and response of the sodium caseinate interfacial thin film to physicochemical changes to the continuous phase the behaviour of sodium caseinate at the air-water and oil-water interfaces, as a function of pH and ionic strength, was studied using Langmuir trough, surface potential and pendant drop methods. Changes in measured system response can be explained by considering changes to protein conformation. Upon increasing ionic strength the data fit with the protein conformation changing from those states where the protein extends into the aqueous phase to those where it essentially lies flat on the interface. Aggregation and dispersion of the protein at the interfaces were detected at different pH values. Also, the buffer capacity of sodium caseinate was evaluated by preparing protein solutions at different pH and ionic strengths. Bridging flocculation and creaming occurred in the emulsions investigated, evaluated via static light scattering and Cryo-SEM. Emulsions with the appearance and texture of liquid-like through to gel-like were formulated by seemingly small changes to the ionic strength and pH of the aqueous phase. Shear-thinning was the flow behaviour of the emulsions with a shear dependent flow response that was function of the parameters evaluated. Time-dependent flow behaviour was detected for the emulsions at a low shear rate and they showed rheopexy behaviour. Viscoelastic properties of the emulsions and the interaction between the droplets were evaluated by strain sweep and creep-recovery tests.</p>

Manipulating Sodium Caseinate Behaviour at the Interface: Applications for Concentrated Emulsion Formulation

<p>The effect of ionic strength, pH and droplet size distribution on the stability and rheological properties of concentrated emulsions formed using sodium caseinate was investigated. The emulsions were formulated with soybean oil concentration between 50 and 70 wt% and 1 wt% protein. In order to understand the role and response of the sodium caseinate interfacial thin film to physicochemical changes to the continuous phase the behaviour of sodium caseinate at the air-water and oil-water interfaces, as a function of pH and ionic strength, was studied using Langmuir trough, surface potential and pendant drop methods. Changes in measured system response can be explained by considering changes to protein conformation. Upon increasing ionic strength the data fit with the protein conformation changing from those states where the protein extends into the aqueous phase to those where it essentially lies flat on the interface. Aggregation and dispersion of the protein at the interfaces were detected at different pH values. Also, the buffer capacity of sodium caseinate was evaluated by preparing protein solutions at different pH and ionic strengths. Bridging flocculation and creaming occurred in the emulsions investigated, evaluated via static light scattering and Cryo-SEM. Emulsions with the appearance and texture of liquid-like through to gel-like were formulated by seemingly small changes to the ionic strength and pH of the aqueous phase. Shear-thinning was the flow behaviour of the emulsions with a shear dependent flow response that was function of the parameters evaluated. Time-dependent flow behaviour was detected for the emulsions at a low shear rate and they showed rheopexy behaviour. Viscoelastic properties of the emulsions and the interaction between the droplets were evaluated by strain sweep and creep-recovery tests.</p>

Modeling of the dynamics of tornado structures in a pipe with turbulators of square, semicircular and triangular profiles

Objectives. To carry out mathematical simulations of changes in time of tornado compositions in channels with projections of semicircular, triangular, square profiles for average Reynolds criteria based on multiblock computing technology with the solution of finite- volume factorized methods of the Reynolds equation and energy equations.Method. The calculations were carried out on the basis of theoretical approaches based on the solution of Reynolds equations by finite-volume factorized methods, which were closed using the simulation of Menter stresses, and the energy of a structured grid.Result. The calculations of time-dependent flow and heat transfer parameters carried out in the article showed that the excess dissipation of turbulence generation for projections of sharp profiles - square profile, triangular profile - and rounded profiles - semicircular profile, segment profile - is provided with radically different hydraulic losses: channels with protrusions of rounded profiles, for example, semicircular, have much lower hydraulic resistance coefficients than channels with protrusions with sharp profiles, for example, triangular or square, rectangular.Conclusion. In the article, mathematical simulations of time-dependent tornado compositions were performed in channels with transversal profiles in the form of a square, triangle and semicircle, which is as informative as possible in terms of studying turbulent flows and heat transfer arising under average Reynolds criteria based on computer multiblock technology when using solutions of finite-volume factorized methods (FCOM-am) Reynolds equations and energy equations. The following protrusions were considered in the article: square transversal profiles, in which tornadoes are most pronounced, and side tornadoes affect the flow in the maximum way; triangular transversal profiles, where tornadoes are not so strong, and side tornadoes affect the main flow weaker than with square protrusions; semicircular transversal profiles, in which the incoming main tornado moves along the stream with the generation of limited side tornadoes. The calculated information obtained in the article correlates to a high degree with the available experimental data, which indicates the verification of the mathematical modeling involved in the article.