On a Spaniel Called Beau, Killing a Young Bird, July 15th, 1793

1815 ◽  
pp. 202-202
Author(s):  
William Cowper
Keyword(s):  
Young Bird

Magnetic information affects the stellar orientation of young bird migrants

Nature ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 383 (6596) ◽  
pp. 158-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Weindler ◽  
Roswitha Wiltschko ◽  
Wolfgang Wiltschko
Keyword(s):  
Young Bird

scholarly journals Mycobacteriosis in peafowl: Analysis of four cases

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 6001-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEKSANDRA LEDWOŃ ◽  
EWA AUGUSTYNOWICZ-KOPEĆ ◽  
PAWEŁ PARNIEWSKI ◽  
JOANNA BONECKA ◽  
MAGDALENA OSTRZESZEWICZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp ◽  
Clinical Image ◽  
Mechanical Trauma ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Young Bird ◽  
Pavo Cristatus ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis

Peafowl (Pavo cristatus), similarly to other Galliformes, are particularly susceptible to infection by Mycobacterium avium. Peafowl differ from other Galliformes in the clinical image of the infection, with dominating respiratory signs. Occurrence of severe and sustained dyspnoea in peafowl raises suspicion of mycobacteriosis, which, however, is not always easy to confirm. In the cases described here, mycobacteria were detected in direct swabs from the trachea of two individuals, and cultures were conducted on the Löwenstein- Jensen medium. In one individual, no mycobacteria were found in tracheal swabs stained by the Ziehl-Neelsen method, despite the presence of clear clinical signs. The fourth case was a young bird submitted for necropsy. The cause of death was a mechanical trauma, but scarce caseous nodules typical of mycobacteriosis were found in the liver, spleen and lungs. The Mycobacterium avium isolates obtained from those cases were compared using (CCG)4-based PCR. A high similarity of three isolates of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium was observed, two of which were derived from peafowl originating from the same farm, while the isolate from the fourth bird differed significantly and was identified by sequencing as Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis..

Local Feeding of Kingfishers and Mergansers

1937 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. White
Keyword(s):  
Food Item ◽  
Young Bird ◽  
Major Food ◽  
Dominant Fish

On the Margaree and Apple rivers, N.S., the belted kingfisher feeds upon those fishes most available within its feeding range. In the estuaries many species are taken, but ascending a river the number becomes less until only salmon and trout (Salvelinus), or trout alone, constitute the food. By rearing a young bird it was determined that the American merganser pursues its prey by sight under water, being able to see a distance of from 10 feet (3 m.) to 2 feet (0.6 m.) or less, depending upon the clearness of the water. The bird consumes daily on the average more than a third of its weight. In nature the broods are reared up stream where young salmon are the dominant fish and constitute the major food item, with trout next. When the supply becomes scarce they shift down stream and in the estuary take the various fishes occurring there. In contrast the young red-breasted mergansers were found feeding over areas not frequented by young salmon, and the adults were confined largely to the estuary. They fed on the species available, which sometimes consisted largely of young salmon.

The Role of Aggression in Song Tutor Choice in the Zebra Finch: Cause or Effect?

Behaviour ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 133 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 103-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.E. Jones ◽  
P.J.B. Slater
Keyword(s):  
Zebra Finch ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Taeniopygia Guttata ◽  
Song Learning ◽  
Zebra Finches ◽  
Relative Level ◽  
Young Bird ◽  
Sensitive Phase

AbstractYoung male zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) normally copy their song from one tutor when given a choice of two. Interaction is known to be a key feature of the learning process and this study examines the way in which one particular type of social behaviour, aggression, may affect tutor choice. Female raised zebra finches were given a choice of two song tutors, which had been pre-selected for differing levels of aggression, during the sensitive phase for song learning. A young bird was significantly more likely to learn from the tutor that was more aggressive to him, as found earlier by Clayton (1987). In addition, behavioural observations suggest that aggression towards the young bird was the cause rather than an effect of tutor choice. There was no significant relationship between the relative level of tutor aggression and the amount of his song copied. Changes in the level of aggression over the tutoring period are also discussed.

Fly (almost) south young bird

Nature ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 383 (6596) ◽  
pp. 123-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Gould
Keyword(s):  
Young Bird

Nonshivering thermogenesis and adaptation to fasting in king penguin chicks

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (4) ◽  
pp. R744-R751 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Duchamp ◽  
H. Barre ◽  
D. Delage ◽  
J. L. Rouanet ◽  
F. Cohen-Adad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
King Penguin ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Nonshivering Thermogenesis ◽  
Young Bird ◽  
Cold Acclimatization ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Fast Adaptation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Electrical Muscle

The ability to develop nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) and the effect of fasting on thermogenic response to cold were studied in winter-acclimatized king penguin chicks. Metabolic rate (MR) and integrated electrical muscle activity were measured at different ambient temperatures. In cold-acclimatized (5 degrees C) fed chicks, shivering threshold temperature (STT) was 9.4 degrees C lower than lower critical temperature (LCT), indicating that NST (0.7 W/kg) occurs at moderate cold, whereas in control chicks fed and reared at 25 degrees C for 3 wk, LCT and STT were similar. Chicks reared in the cold and fasting for 3 wk or 4-5 mo (natural winter fast) developed an NST of 0.8 and 2.4 W/kg, respectively, despite the fast. In fasting chicks, the intercept of the metabolic curve with the abscissa at zero MR was far below body temperature, contrasting with the classic model for heat loss. Their low LCT indicates the capacity of a large reduction in convective conductance characteristic of diving animals and allows energy sparing in moderate cold. Below LCT, conductance reincreases progressively, leading to a steeper than expected slope of the metabolic curve and allowing preservation of a threshold temperature in the shell. These results show for the first time in a wild young bird the development of NST after cold acclimatization. Further, at the temperature of cold acclimatization, an energy-sparing mechanism is shown in response to long-term fast adaptation.

scholarly journals Behavior of the young bird in breaking out of the egg.

1912 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wallace Craig
Keyword(s):  
Young Bird

Birdsong learning in the laboratory, with especial reference to the song of the Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata)

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Derégnaucourt
Keyword(s):  
Zebra Finch ◽  
Social Influences ◽  
Vocal Learning ◽  
Taeniopygia Guttata ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Song Learning ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Young Bird ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Vocal imitation in songbirds exhibits interesting parallels to infant speech development and is currently the model system of choice for exploring the behavioural, molecular and electrophysiological substrates of vocal learning. Among songbirds, the Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata) is currently used as the ‘flying mouse’ of birdsong research. Only males sing and they develop their song primarily during a short sensitive period in early life. They learn their speciesspecific song patterns by memorizing and imitating the songs of conspecifics, mainly adults. Since Immelmann's pioneering work, thousands of zebra finches have been raised in strictly controlled auditory environments to examine how their experience affected their songs. In this article, I review the different experimental procedures that have been used in the laboratory to study the social influences on song learning in the Zebra Finch. Poor song learning was observed using passive playback of taped songs, whereas self-eliciting exposure using operant tutoring techniques induced significant learning, but with a high interindividual variability. The success of the training paradigm is often measured by the quality of imitation of the songs to which the young bird is exposed. Using empirical evidence from the field and the laboratory, I will also discuss this issue, by summarizing possible advantages and disadvantages of producing a perfect imitation. So far, the best method to get a close copy of a song model in the Zebra Finch is to place a single young bird with an adult male. This situation, which is rather unnatural, does not meet the criteria for precise control necessary in experimental conditions. Optimizing the methods used to train a zebra finch to learn a song, in order to be able to predict the imitation success, will improve our understanding of the dynamics of vocal production learning. It would also consolidate this species as a research model of relevance to human speech development and disorders. Keywords: Zebra Finch; birdsong; learning; development; memory; social influences

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