scholarly journals Mycobacteriosis in peafowl: Analysis of four cases

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 6001-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEKSANDRA LEDWOŃ ◽  
EWA AUGUSTYNOWICZ-KOPEĆ ◽  
PAWEŁ PARNIEWSKI ◽  
JOANNA BONECKA ◽  
MAGDALENA OSTRZESZEWICZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp ◽  
Clinical Image ◽  
Mechanical Trauma ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Young Bird ◽  
Pavo Cristatus ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis

Peafowl (Pavo cristatus), similarly to other Galliformes, are particularly susceptible to infection by Mycobacterium avium. Peafowl differ from other Galliformes in the clinical image of the infection, with dominating respiratory signs. Occurrence of severe and sustained dyspnoea in peafowl raises suspicion of mycobacteriosis, which, however, is not always easy to confirm. In the cases described here, mycobacteria were detected in direct swabs from the trachea of two individuals, and cultures were conducted on the Löwenstein- Jensen medium. In one individual, no mycobacteria were found in tracheal swabs stained by the Ziehl-Neelsen method, despite the presence of clear clinical signs. The fourth case was a young bird submitted for necropsy. The cause of death was a mechanical trauma, but scarce caseous nodules typical of mycobacteriosis were found in the liver, spleen and lungs. The Mycobacterium avium isolates obtained from those cases were compared using (CCG)4-based PCR. A high similarity of three isolates of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium was observed, two of which were derived from peafowl originating from the same farm, while the isolate from the fourth bird differed significantly and was identified by sequencing as Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis..

scholarly journals Anti-Chlamydia abortus and Anti-Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Antibodies in Buffaloes in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda De Noronha Xavier ◽  
Sérgio Alves Do Nascimento ◽  
Tania Alexandra Ortega Sierra ◽  
Pollyane Raysa Fernandes de Oliveira ◽  
Rinaldo Aparecido Mota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
The State ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Chlamydia Abortus ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis

Background: The occurrence of economic losses in buffaloes may be related to reproductive problems such as chlamydiosis caused by the bacteria Chlamydia abortus considered as a zoonotic agent; and digestive problems highlighting the infection by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map), responsible for paratuberculosis. There is a little information about these diseases in buffaloes, therefore the aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of anti-Chlamydia abortus and anti- Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) antibodies in water buffaloes in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: The 262 bubaline sera belonging to the serum bank of the Infectious Diseases Laboratory (LIDIC) of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE) were analyzed. The samples were from nine properties distributed in the municipalities of Agreste and Zona da Mata of the state of Pernambuco. For the detection of anti-Chlamydia abortus and anti-Map antibodies was used a technique of Enzyme immunoabsorption Assay (ELISA) of the IDEXX® by following the manufacturer's instructions. Regarding the detection of anti-Chlamydia abortus antibodies, it was observed that 47.70% (125/262) of the samples were positive. All properties showed at least one positive animal for the investigation of anti-Chlamydia abortus antibodies. It was also verified the occurrence of 7.25% of suspected animals for the investigation of anti-C. abortus antibodies. No positives animals were observed for Map in the bubaline analyzed.Discussion: The occurrence of anti-C. abortus antibodies in buffaloes in the region can be explained by the fact that properties with buffalo breeding has sanitary management that allows the contact between animals, thus increasing the risk of transmission of the agent. In addition, the variation found from 35% to 68.75% may be associated with divergences to the type of management and breeding system used in each property. The percentage of suspected animals may suggest that the number of positive animals is higher or that there were non-specific reactions with other species of Chlamydia, but it is not possible to determine the seroconversion without the accomplishment of paired serology. Because it is a zoonosis, C. abortus may be a risk to the health of the population involved, since the transmission of the bacteria to humans can occur by contact with secretions and excretions of these animals. No positive animals were found for the occurrence of anti-Map antibodies, however, there are reports of the infection identifying animals with clinical signs or properties with a history of the disease, and this may be related to the differences in each property in relation to the history and sanitary management. Moreover, the ELISA test may not be sensitive to the agent depending on the phase of the infection, because if the response is predominantly cellular, the number of antibodies is diminished, making the serological diagnosis difficult. The use of more sensitive tests for the bubaline species can also favor the diagnosis of the infection. Although the occurrence of anti-Map antibodies in the analyzed samples was not detected, it is important to carry out routine epidemiological studies, since the disease has already been registered in water buffaloes in the state of Pernambuco. Considering the occurrence of anti-Chlamydia abortus antibodies it is suggested to conduct studies in order to isolate the agent and verify its real importance in the reproductive disorders of the bubaline species, since this agent causes reproductive losses and has a zoonotic character.

scholarly journals Immunological characteristics of cattle with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Toman ◽  
M. Faldyna ◽  
IPavlik
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Monitoring Period ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis ◽  
Peripheral Leukocytes ◽  
Gamma Assay

Several years lasting clinical and microbiological monitoring of a cattle herd infected with paratuberculosis allowed to identify three groups of animals showing different courses of the infection. Group N (non-shedders) included animals negative by faecal culture throughout the monitoring period. Animals of Group L (low shedders) shed sporadically small quantities of mycobacteria (1 to 9 CFU), but remained clinically healthy throughout the monitoring period. Group H (high shedders) included animals shedding repeatedly large quantities of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (10 CFU) with a progressive deterioration of the state of health in most of them. Animals with specific antibodies detected by agar gel immunodiffusion and complement fixation test were found in all groups, but the percentage of serologically positive animals was higher in animals of Group L and significantly higher (p &lt; 0.01) in animals of Group H than in animals of Group N. Specific cell-mediated immunity was demonstrated especially in the group of low shedders (Group L), the differences&nbsp;in the percentages of interferon gamma assay positive animals in this group and other groups was highly significant (p &lt; 0.01). Only insignificant differences in the counts and activity of peripheral leukocytes were found among groups of clinically healthy animals differing in intensity of M.&nbsp;paratuberculosis shedding. However, the progressive development of clinical signs of paratuberculosis in Group H was associated with a significant (p &lt; 0.01) decrease of lymphocytes and monocytes, a non-significant decrease of neutrophils, a significant (p &lt; 0.05) increase in the percentage of CD4<sup>+</sup> cells and a insignificant decrease in the percentage of CD8<sup>+</sup> cells; consequently the CD4/CD8 ratio increased.

scholarly journals Comparação de duas técnicas de isolamento do Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis em amostras de fezes de ovinos com suspeita clínica de paratuberculose

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-420
Author(s):  
Ana Cláudia Coelho ◽  
Maria de Lurdes Pinto ◽  
Adosinda Maria Coelho ◽  
Jorge Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis

A paratuberculose é uma enterite crônica granulomatosa causada por Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis que afeta principalmente os ruminantes. A cultura de bactérias a partir de amostras de fezes e tecidos constitui um dos métodos mais eficazes de diagnóstico, sendo ainda o único método disponível para obtenção de isolamentos e estirpes de micobactérias. Contudo, este método apresenta baixa sensibilidade e requer meses de incubação antes do crescimento de colônias. Neste estudo, utilizou-se a cultura fecal como método de diagnóstico em ovinos de diferentes raças portuguesas, com sinais compatíveis com a doença. Fez-se ainda a comparação entre os meios de cultura Löwenstein Jensen® com micobactina® J e o de Middlebrook® 7H11 com OADC®, utilizados no isolamento da bactéria. As percentagens de isolamento em cada um os meios foram de 2,0% (6/300) para Löwenstein Jensen® com micobactina J e 1,0% (3/300) para Middlebrook® 7H11/OADC. As três amostras positivas no meio de Middlebrook® 7H11/OADC também foram positivas no meio de Löwenstein Jensen® com micobactina J e nenhuma foi somente positiva no meio de Middlebrook® 7H11/OADC. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que o meio de Löwenstein-Jensen® com micobactina® J é mais efetivo para a obtenção de estirpes ovinas em Portugal.

scholarly journals Isolation of Mycobacterium avium Subsp. Paratuberculosis in the Feces and Tissue of Small Ruminants Using a Non-Automated Liquid Culture Method

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Luigi De Grossi ◽  
Davide Santori ◽  
Antonino Barone ◽  
Silvia Abbruzzese ◽  
Matteo Ricchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp ◽  
Type I ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis

Paratuberculosis is a chronic disease of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis (MAP). Since isolation of MAP type I (S) is rarely reported in Italy, our research was aimed at isolating, by an inexpensive liquid culture manual method, this type of MAP isolates. At first, we used an ELISA to point out to serologically positive samples from five flocks. Secondly, we used a fecal direct IS900-qPCR on the ELISA positive samples, in order to detect shedder animals. Feces from IS900-qPCR positive samples were inoculated in solid and liquid culture media. IS900-qPCR was further used to test the growth of MAP isolates in liquid medium, which were further confirmed by f57-qPCR and submitted to typing by specific PCR in order to identify the MAP type. Twenty-eight samples (24 fecal and four tissutal samples) were processed by culture methods, resulting in the isolation of six type I MAP field isolates. Notably, no isolates were recovered by solid media, underlining the utility of this liquid method. Few data about this type of MAP are currently available in Italy, and further analyses should be carried out in order to study the origin and epidemiology of type I strains circulating in Italy.

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