A Further Note on Sample Size for Chi-Square Test: The r×c Table1

1968 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 853-854
Author(s):  
William R. Holt
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test

scholarly journals A demographic analysis of consumers’ preference for green products

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Bashiru Jibril ◽  
Michael Adu Kwarteng ◽  
Miloslava Chovancova
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Herbal Product ◽  
Nonparametric Test ◽  
Green Product ◽  
Green Products ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Strength Of Association

Purpose – the aim of this research is to understand and present the outcomes of the strength of association between consumers and the use of the green (herbal) product from a demographic viewpoint. By extension, it measures the magnitude of dependents among demographic factors influencing the use of the green product in a developing country. Research methodology – to evaluate consumer’s demographics on the use of the green (herbal) product, 207 participants took part in the survey through a structured questionnaire. Data were obtained from users of green products (specifically herbs) in Ghana. A nonparametric test precisely chi-square test (x2) and Spearman's correlation rs were employed for our empirical analysis. Findings – the paper indicated the youthful population as the highest number of users of the green product in the herbal market. Results from the nonparametric test (Spearman’s rho) revealed that demographic factors (gender, age, education, and occupation) have an inverse relationship on the use of the green product. Whiles the chi-square test also discloses insignificant relationships among the observed attributes. This suggests that there is no empirical evidence to support the claim that use of green product depends on demographic factors of consumers. Research limitations – the limitation of this study considered the research scope, taking into account a smaller sample size for the study hence, future researchers should expand the sample size as well the other demographic variables necessary for a similar study. Practical implications – the practical implication of this study gives insights to practitioners and marketers in the herbal industry on how best they can progress in their quest to sustain in the business. Originality/Value – the present study aided in widening the scope of consumer behaviour towards the green product in the marketing discipline taken into consideration the widespread competition in the business nowadays especially in the herbal (green product) market

scholarly journals A Sociological Analysis of Combined Jail Life of Juvenile and Adult Prisoners in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ihsan Khan ◽  
Ashfaq Rehman ◽  
Niaz Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Offending Behaviour ◽  
Joint Dwelling

This study examines the outcomes of frequent relations between juvenile and adult prisoners at the populous prisons of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan in districts Mansehra, Dera Ismail Khan, Peshawar, Swabi and Mardan. According to SPARC (2015), there were total of 199 juvenile prisoners out of them 132 were taken as a sample size through Sekaran (2010) sample size table. The primary data was collected through interview schedule, with major aim to see association of joint dwelling of adult prisoners and juvenile inmates in the selected prisons. For measuring the association between adult and juvenile inmates, a Chi-square test was applied by using Microsoft Excel. It was found that there exist a strong association of adult with juvenile inmates; which resulted in reinforcing the delinquent behaviour of juvenile by supporting them financially, providing them with various kinds of drugs and persuading them to join their networks after they were released. Such situation was directly contradictory to the well-being of juvenile inmates at jails, where they were supposed to rehabilitate their offending behaviour. The study recommends establishment of separate jails for juvenile inmates, being inclusive part of the JJSO-2000.

scholarly journals A Study on Investor's Attitude towards Government Securities in Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Pitambar Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Rich People ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Structured Questionnaire ◽  
Government Security

The research paper sought to analyze the interest and awareness of Nepali people on government securities with one specific objectives of to examine the investor's interest and awareness towards government securities. The descriptive and analytical research design has been adopted in the study. The target population was the all investors of government securities in Nepal. The judgmental sampling method has been used to select the investor and 200 respondents were taken as its sample size. The data were collected using structured questionnaire. Chi-square test was done to examine the investor's interest and awareness towards government securities. It can be concluded that both educated and uneducated people are interested in government security. Thus, the research paper draws the conclusion that both poor and rich people are interested in government security. The income is the major factor of investment on government security.

Prospective study to assess socio demographic and clinical profile of non-compliant patients on topical anti glaucoma medications in rural hospital in southern India

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-37
Author(s):  
Farheen Sana shakir ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Continuous Care ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Topical Medications

Background: Aim: To assess the socio demographic and clinical profile of non-compliant primary open angle glaucoma patients on topical antiglaucoma medications. To assess the reasons for noncompliance in these patients. Methodology: This study was an Observational study which was conducted in Ophthalmology OPD at Kodagu Institute of Medical Sciences, Madikeri, from March 2020 to June 2021. Patients selected were those on topical medications for primary open angle glaucoma of age > 18 years. 95 patients were selected and where given questionnaire. The formula used here to calculate the sample size was sample size n= Za2 p(1-p)/ e2. The prevalence of POAG is 3.51 %(1 Hence n=83. We have included 95 patients in our study. The statistical analysis was done using percentage, frequency and Chi square test. Approval from the ethical committee of the institution was taken before starting the study. Informed consent of the patient was taken. Patients were given the questionnaire and were asked to answer. The questionnaire included- mentioning the details of the antiglaucoma drug being used, duration of usage,missing of doses, reasons for missing the dosage etc was provided to the patients. Results: Total number of 95 patients took part in this study. Among them males and females were 45.2% and 54.7% respectively. Missing of dosage in the previous two weeks was considered as non compliant with regimen. Results showed that 28 out of 95 patients, (29.4%) were non compliant to the drug regime. Conclusion: In glaucoma patients, adherence to topical antiglaucoma medications is a major challenge As antiglaucoma therapy has to be used for lifelong and requires continuous care, awareness has to be created regarding the consequences of missing their medication and the importance of adhering to prescribed regimens. Different aspects about the cost of the medication, drug usage frequency, and side effects has to be considered and not just intraocular pressure control. Complete understanding of these factors and good counseling of the patient and their attenders can definitely improve the compliance of such patients and therefore the success of the treatment.

scholarly journals Success Rate of Endo Crowns- Reported by Dental Practitioners in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
pp. 6865-6870
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Habash ◽  
Firas Basoudan ◽  
Hassan Alwayil ◽  
Othman Alrashed ◽  
Basam Alarfaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Inferential Statistics ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Riyadh City ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Chi Square Test

Aim of study: To investigate the successful rate for Endo crowns done by Saudi doctors. Materials and Methods: survey study contain explanatory questions about the problems of Endo crowns may doctor face it, collected from sample size 100 of Dental Senior, Intern and specialties, the data was subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 19. Descriptive as well as inferential statistics were done including frequencies, mean and Chi square test with the value of significance kept under 0.05. Results: our result showed that there is statistically significant increase of successful rate of endo crowns depends on the survey questions. Conclusions: Within the limits of this study it can show the efficiency of Endo crowns.

scholarly journals A study on employee commitment in tea industry with special reference to nilgiri district, tamilnadu

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-252
Author(s):  
Sadika Sultana M ◽  
Boopathi P)
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Employee Commitment ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Tea Industry ◽  
Chi Square Test

An Employee’s commitment is important to every working organization. This is a part of the employee’s attitude and job satisfaction. If they did not have commitment toward their work, it will affect the product quality was employed to collect respective questionnaire. The finally the study was conducted the towards employees’ level between employee’s commitment and job satisfaction and has resulted certain important findings. A sample size of 525 respondents was chosen for the study. Tolls such as percentage and chi-square test were employed for the analysis.

scholarly journals A study on customer satisfaction towards the services of canara bank with special reference to tirupur city

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-332
Author(s):  
SadikaSultana M ◽  
Ramitha N B
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This study focuses on the performance and customer satisfaction in banking sector with special reference to Canara Bank Tirupur city. Data were collected from the customers of Canara Bank with a sample size numbering 530. A well-structured questionnaire was employed to collect data from the respondents. Tools such as percentage analysis, chi square test and garrett ranking tests were used to analyse the data. The analysis revealed certain interesting results regarding the customer experiences with respect to the bank’ facilities.  

scholarly journals An Assessment of Nurses’ Knowledge Attitude and Practice (KAP) of Pharmacovigilance at a University Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice ◽  
Nurses Knowledge

Objective: To assess nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of pharmacovigilance. Design and Methods: A cross-sectional study that utilized questionnaires to evaluate nurses’ KAP of pharmacovigilance. A sample size of 234 nurses was selected using a 95% confidence level with the raosoft online sample size calculator. Stratified random sampling method was used to select nurses from different departments. Data were analysed with the SPSS 20 using descriptive and inferential measures. The chi-square test was used to test the association between two attributes at a P< 0.05 significance level. Results: 209 responses were received from 260 distributed questionnaires, giving an 80% response rate. Results for knowledge showed that 13.5% of the nurses had heard of the term pharmacovigilance prior to the study, while 58.4% correctly stated the functions of pharmacovigilance. Attitude towards pharmacovigilance revealed that 93.7% of the nurses felt it was a professional obligation to report adverse drug reactions (ADR). 98.1% of nurses felt that ADR reporting was necessary. Pharmacovigilance practice revealed that 68.8% of nurses indicated that they had noted an ADR while in practice, while 55.3% had reported an ADR. There was a significant association between nurses who noted ADRs in clinical practice and nurses who reported ADRs, χ2 (1) = 86.642, p < 0.05. Conclusion: Registered nurses at UHWI showed a good attitude towards pharmacovigilance, although their knowledge and practice was limited.

Entrepreneurship through Marigold Cultivation: Evidence from Laxmibill Area of Tripura

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajat Deb ◽  
Anich Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Motivating Factors ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Frequent Change ◽  
Probability Sampling ◽  
Financial Status ◽  
Chi Square Test

The objectives of the study are to assess the different motivating factors for marigold cultivation and to report the problems the respondents are exposed to. A schedule comprising 50 questions with personal interview is used to collect data from a sample size of 130 respondents chosen using different non-probability sampling techniques. Different statistical tests like Factor analysis, Maan-Whitney U test, and Chi-square test have been performed to assess support for the hypotheses. The findings document that to improve the financial status, to become self-employed, good profit margin, and availability of inputs are the prime motivating factors for cultivation. Further, paucity of capital, frequent change in weather, insufficient government support, and shortage of skilled labourers are the constraints for cultivation. The sample size is considerably low as well as sample has been selected using different non-probability sampling techniques which themselves are not flawless. The results obtained from the study have practical implications not only for existing entrepreneurs, but also for potential entrepreneurs about the motivational forces and the problems they could encounter if they commence the cultivation, and accordingly can formulate their strategies for sustainability.

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