INTERNATIONAL TEA DAY: ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION

Международный день чая - молодой праздник, который сформировался в Китае еще до того, как был официально учрежден. Инициатива по созданию Международного дня чая первоначально была предложена правительством Китая. Впоследствии инициатива получила широкую поддержку международного сообщества, после чего была официально одобрена Организацией Объединенных Наций в 2019 г. Китайский (народный) и международный день чая прошли процесс с момента создания до официального учреждения. Оба праздника широко отмечаются в Китае и в мире. Учреждение праздника является важной вехой в истории развития чайной промышленности и культуры. Этот праздник также является знаком признания культурных чайных ценностей различных стран, международных культурных обменов на тему китайского чая и его истории. Все это будет способствовать передаче, защите, трансформации и модернизации чайной культуры. Международный день чая является исследовательским объектом данной работы; взаимосвязь между чаем, чайной культурой и Китаем рассматривается как отправная точка для анализа происхождения и эволюции создания праздника. International Tea Day is a new holiday that took shape in China even before it was officially established. The initiative to create International Tea Day was originally proposed by the Chinese government. Gradually, the initiative received broad support from the international community, after which it was formally approved by the United Nations in 2019. Chinese (folk) and international tea day have gone through a process from their birth to official establishment. Both holidays are widely celebrated in both China and other countries. The establishment of the holiday is a milestone in the history of tea industry and culture development. This holiday is also a sign of recognition of cultural tea values in different countries, as well as international cultural exchanges about Chinese tea and its history. All of this will contribute to transmission, protection, transformation and modernization of tea culture, as well as deepening understanding of Chinese tea and tea culture around the world. International Tea Day is the research object of this paper. The relation between tea, tea culture and China is seen as a starting point for analyzing the origins and evolution of the holiday. The aim of this article is to analyze the origins and evolution of International Tea Day.

An Empirical Study on Forecasting Production and Price of Tea in India

Tea is a very indispensable beverage for Indian population as we rank the world’s largest consumer of black tea. Indian tea industry had been facing many downfalls for the past few years in terms of low price, excess supply, losing flavour and all this as a whole had affected the performance of the tea industry in India. With India being the second largest producer of tea globally, the production of tea in India can be subdivided into North India and South India. The current study focuses on the comparative analysis between North India, South India and India in terms of their trends in area, production, yield, export quantity, export price, auction price and auction quantity of tea. Compounded Annual growth rate (CAGR) was the tool used to find the trends of various variables. This study also focuses on the forecasting the production and auction prices of tea in India till 2023using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. The results of the present study areindicating that all the variables like area, production, yield, export quantity, export price, auction price and auction quantity of tea had shown a positive trend annually, except for that of North India’s export quantity. Production and auction prices were forecasted till 2023 using different ARIMA models amongst which ARIMA (1,1,0) proved to be the best fit model for study period.

Spatiotemporal Differentiation of Coupling and Coordination Relationship of the Tea Industry–Tourism–Ecological Environment System in Fujian Province, China

Correctly understanding and handling the relationships in the tea industry–tourism–ecological environment system is a prerequisite and foundation for the high-quality and sustainable development of the tea tourism industry. In this study, an evaluation index system of the tea industry–tourism–ecological environment system is established, the weight coefficient of each indicator is determined by the entropy weight method, and the coupling coordination degrees of Fujian Province and nine cities therein are evaluated by constructing a coupling coordination model from 2011 to 2019. The results indicate that the comprehensive development index of the tea industry–tourism–ecological environment system had an overall upward trend from 2011 to 2019, and the coupling coordination degree of the three systems changed from moderate maladjustment to high-quality coordination. There was spatial heterogeneity in the comprehensive development indices and coupling coordination degrees of the three systems, when considering the nine cities of Fujian Province. This study offers both theoretical and practical implications for further improving the development level and overall coordination between the tea industry, tourism, and the ecological environment in Fujian province.

Quality of Life and Quality of Work Life as Determinants of Employee Productivity: Self-reports of Tea Harvesters in Sri Lanka

Tea industry plays a prominent and strategic role in Sri Lanka due to its significant impact on national output, employment and socio-economic status. Therefore, the overall worker productivity in tea industry plays an integral role in terms of national income and foreign exchange earnings. Today, the tea industry in Sri Lanka has been facing the burning issue of declining worker productivity which is the lowest among the tea producing countries in the world. In order to increase the level of worker productivity, simply applying conventional Human Resource Management (HRM) practices is not adequate and a sustainable HRM model is a vital requirement as a strategy for dealing with this crisis and sustains the tea industry in the competitive global marketplace. This research was aimed at proposing human care practices (HCPs) and knowledge management practices (KMPs) as sustainable Human Resource Management Practices (SHRMPs) for enhancing the worker productivity through quality of work-life (QWLs) and quality of life (QLs). The study is specifically focusing on the tea industry, since tea is the key contributor for overall performances of the plantation industry. Un-structured and one-on-one interviews were used as the qualitative research technique for this study. 100 randomly selected tea harvesters who are working in well performing tea estates in Sri Lanka reported a list of HCPs and KMPs that enhance QWL and QL, which in return enhance the worker productivity. The responses of tea harvesters were grouped into pre-defined structure according to comparative importance and then were validated with the findings of previous research studies. The findings were well supported by the premises of psychological contract and social exchange theories. The study also provides some implications for policy decisions and future research directions on identified HCPs and KMPs as sustainable HR practices, which has a direct relationship on the worker productivity.

The Tea workers

The region of Darjeeling has been a backdrop for political conflict since its colonization by the British in the 1800s. In the aftermath of the politically-motivated 104-day long citywide shutdown in the summer of 2017, Darjeeling’s tea industry took a significant hit. The forced closure of the plantations meant that workers were unable to earn wages, in spite of often being at the frontlines of the Gorkhaland movement protests. This paper contextualizes the research that went into the short film The Tea Workers. In particular, it explores the complexity of the female experience of labour on and around tea plantations, as well as the ways in which labour and gender hierarchies intersect to uniquely affect women labourers in the politicized landscape of tea production.

The Tea workers

The region of Darjeeling has been a backdrop for political conflict since its colonization by the British in the 1800s. In the aftermath of the politically-motivated 104-day long citywide shutdown in the summer of 2017, Darjeeling’s tea industry took a significant hit. The forced closure of the plantations meant that workers were unable to earn wages, in spite of often being at the frontlines of the Gorkhaland movement protests. This paper contextualizes the research that went into the short film The Tea Workers. In particular, it explores the complexity of the female experience of labour on and around tea plantations, as well as the ways in which labour and gender hierarchies intersect to uniquely affect women labourers in the politicized landscape of tea production.