scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF A GENE REGULATING THE TISSUE EXPRESSION OF A PHOSPHOGLUCOMUTASE LOCUS IN RAINBOW TROUT

Genetics ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-268
Author(s):  
Fred W Allendorf ◽  
Kathy L Knudsen ◽  
Stevan R Phelps
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Normal Expression ◽  
Additive Inheritance

ABSTRACT Nine percent of the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) from a hatchery source have a greater than 100-fold increase in expression of a phosphoglucomutase (PGM) locus, Pgm1, in the liver but have normal expression of this locus in other tissues. The results of genetic crosses are consistent with a single regulatory gene with additive inheritance being responsible for the differences in the amount of PGM activity in the liver.—The allele responsible for the expression of Pgm1 in the liver is apparently a recent mutation. This is supported by its restricted distribution in rainbow trout and the absence of liver Pgm1 expression in closely related species. This genetic system is valuable for future analysis of the control of gene expression and in determining the relative evolutionary importance of genetic variation at structural and regulatory genes.

Pleiotropic effects of a regulatory gene (Pgm-1-t) on the social behavior of juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2847-2851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moira M. Ferguson ◽  
Roy G. Danzmann
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Pleiotropic Effects ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Primary Determinant

We compared the social behavior of juvenile rainbow trout with a regulatory allele, Pgm-1-t(b), to their full-sibs without this allele. Other studies have shown that this gene has many pleiotropic effects in the Arlee strain, the most obvious being an increase in developmental rate at about the time of hatching. The frequencies of two agonistic action patterns, charge and lateral display, and two nonagonistic measures, yawn and forage, were used to describe early social behavior. Pgm-1-t(b) was associated with significantly higher frequencies of charge and larger size in fish from the Arlee strain. However, fish from the DeSmet strain with Pgm-1-t(b) were no more aggressive or longer than their full-sibs lacking this allele. Length was the primary determinant of dominance status in both strains, regardless of Pgm-1-t genotype. In both strains, there was no significant difference between genotypes in the frequency of lateral display and forage. Our results show that genetic differences at a single locus can have pleiotropic effects on behavior with potential adaptive significance.

scholarly journals Hybridization between Cutthroat and Rainbow Trout: Evidence from Biochemical Genetic Loci

1979 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 108-112
Author(s):  
Eric Loudenslager ◽  
G. Gall
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Genetic Loci ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Isolating Mechanisms ◽  
Biochemical Genetic ◽  
Salmo Clarki

Cutthroat, Salmo clarki, and rainbow, Salmo gairdneri, trout are largely allopatric, closely related species. Where naturally sympatric ecological isolating mechanisms maintain species identity. However, the inland subspecies of cutthroat trout which did not evolve in sympatry with rainbows are thought to freely hybridize with rainbow trout which have been introduced for recreational purposes. Because of the mass introductions of rainbow trout fish managers have become increasingly concerned about the purity of the dwindling stocks of native cutthroats.

Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Pacific salmonid evolution

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1058-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Kelley Thomas ◽  
Ruth E. Withler ◽  
Andrew T. Beckenbach
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Closely Related Species

The salmonids of Pacific North America are a group of closely related species with complex life histories and interesting distribution. Previous studies of their evolution and population structure have involved classical morphological and genetic techniques. We have analysed both intra- and inter-specific variation in mitochondrial DNA sequences of the five North American species of the genus Oncorhynchus and the rainbow trout species, Salmo gairdneri. Cleavage sites for 13 different restriction enzymes were sampled, comparing an average of 48 sites per individual, or approximately 1.7% of the genome. No obvious size variation in the 16 500 ± 500 base pair length was observed. Levels of intraspecific variation detected in the chum salmon and rainbow trout were 0.24 ± 0.23 and 0.45 ± 0.26%, respectively. This variation was population specific; no variation was detected within any of the populations sampled, suggesting the existence of population substructuring. Estimates of divergence between species range from 2.46 ± 0.72% in the coho–chinook salmon comparison to 6.88 ± 1.27% between coho and chum salmon. The phylogenetic relationship among these species, based on the levels of sequence divergence, organizes the species into three distinct groups. One group includes the pink and chum salmon while a second group contains the coho and chinook salmon, as well as the rainbow trout. The sockeye salmon are distinct from both groups. Although most of these results are in accordance with classical analyses, the relationship of the rainbow trout to the coho and chinook salmon suggests different interpretations of the evolution of life histories and morphological traits in these closely related species.

Cardiac growth in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 2368-2373 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Farrell ◽  
A. M. Hammons ◽  
M. S. Graham ◽  
G. F. Tibbits
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Cardiac Growth ◽  
Ventricular Mass

Relative ventricular mass, percent compact myocardium, total protein, DNA content, and myocyte size were determined for rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, ranging in size from 10 to 2000 g. Ventricular mass, ventricular total protein, and DNA content increased linearly with body size. The DNA to protein ratio was reduced slightly over a 100-fold range of body size. Myocyte size increased with heart size. However, the estimated 1.7-fold increase in myocyte volume for a 10-fold increase in heart weight was incompatible with a corresponding 10-fold increase in total protein. Since DNA content increased 10-fold it is suggested that long-term cardiac growth in rainbow trout involves both hyperplasia and hypertrophy.

Uptake of Cadmium in Perfused Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) Gills

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 917-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pärt ◽  
O. Svanberg
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Metal Uptake ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Complexing Agent ◽  
Heavy Metal Uptake ◽  
Perfusion Technique ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
In Vitro Techniques

Uptake of cadmium in gills from rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) has been studied by the head perfusion technique. The importance of checking the viability of the perfused gills is considered and some viability criteria are discussed. The results show that cadmium is transferred through perfused gills. A 10-fold increase in the external Cd concentration from 5 × 10−8 to 5 × 10−7 mol∙L−1 resulted in a nearly 100-fold increase in cadmium transfer. At higher cadmium concentrations the uptake rate of the element diminished after having reached a maximum within 30 min. A complexing agent, EDNTA, which strongly chelates free cadmium ions decreases the transfer of cadmium through the gills. The advantage of using in vitro techniques instead of conventional uptake experiments is discussed and it is concluded that the gill perfusion technique is a useful tool in studies of factors affecting heavy metal uptake in fish.Key words: perfusion technique, fish gills, Salmo gairdneri, cadmium uptake, viability, EDNTA

Temperature Selection of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) Fingerlings in Vertical and Horizontal Gradients

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1801-1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. McCauley ◽  
W. L. Pond
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Temperature Preference ◽  
Temperature Selection ◽  
Horizontal Gradients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Preferred Temperatures ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Horizontal Temperature Gradients ◽  
Selection Of

Preferred temperatures of underyearling rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were determined in both vertical and horizontal temperature gradients. No statistically significant difference was found between the preferred temperatures by the two different methods. This suggests that the nature of the gradient plays a lesser role than generally believed in laboratory investigations of temperature preference.

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