Comparison of Microdroplet and High Volume Application of Bacillus thuringiensis on Pear: Suppression of Fruit Tree Leafroller ( Archips argyrospilus ) 1 and Coverage on Foliage and Fruit 2

1980 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ann Sorensen ◽  
L. A. Falcon
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Archips Argyrospilus

A Sampling Technique for Population and Mortality Factors of the Fruit-Tree Leaf Roller, Archips argyrospilus (Wlk.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), on Apple in Quebec

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 561-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. O. Paradis ◽  
E. J. LeRoux
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Leaf Roller ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Tree Leaf ◽  
Archips Argyrospilus

Sampling techniques for population and mortality factors of the fruit-tree leaf roller, Archips argyrospilus (Wlk.), on apple in Quebec, were developed at Rougemont from 1958 to 1960 with the object of obtaining reliable statistics for life tables on this species. Biometric techniques have not previously been applied for ecological studies of A. argyrospilus, most workers having been primarily concerned with life history, chemical control, and general observations on natural control factors (Gill, 1913; Caesar, 1916 and 1917; Petch, 1916 and 1942; Herrick, 1917; Muesebeck, 1921; Regan, 1923; Viereck, 1924, Venables, 1924 and 1937; Harman, 1928; Hall, 1930 and 1934; Knull, 1932; Chapman et al., 1941; Greenwood, 1943).

A STRAIN OF FRUITTREE LEAFROLLER, ARCHIPS ARGYROSPILUS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), TOLERANT TO AZINPHOS-METHYL IN AN APPLE ORCHARD REGION OF THE OKANAGAN VALLEY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Vakenti ◽  
C. J. Campbell ◽  
H. F. Madsen
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Control Material ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Azinphos Methyl ◽  
Archips Argyrospilus

AbstractProbit analysis of the dosage response of first instar, fruittree leafroller larvae to azinphos-methyl indicated that a strain from a commercial orchard in East Kelowna, B.C. was 7.8 times more tolerant than a susceptible strain. Azinphos-methyl applied to experimental apple blocks in the same area did not provide satisfactory control. Leafroller damage as high as 10.5% was found in several orchards which had received multiple azinphos-methyl and other organophosphorous insecticide treatments. The development of an organophosphorous resistant strain of fruittree leafroller in this orchard area is strongly suggested. Bacillus thuringiensis applied at the pink stage of apple blossom development gave adequate control of fruittree leafroller in East Kelowna field trials and will be suggested as the control material for commercial orchards in this area.

PEST MANAGEMENT: CONTROL OF ARCHIPS ARGYROSPILUS AND ARCHIPS ROSANUS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) ON APPLE

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold F. Madsen ◽  
S. A. Potter ◽  
F. E. Peters
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Azinphos Methyl ◽  
Larval Emergence ◽  
Archips Argyrospilus

AbstractTwo leafroller spades are major pests of apple in British Columbia, Archips argyrospilus (Walker) and Archips rosanus (Linnaeus). Field observations showed that both species overwinter in the egg stage and that larval emergence times are similar. Experiments demonstrated that both species are susceptible to sprays of azinphos-methyl, diazinon, or trichlorfon applied at either the pink bud or petal fall stages. Dipel (Bacillus thuringiensis) failed to control larvae of either species.

CONTROL OF THE FRUIT-TREE LEAF ROLLER AND NOTES ON ITS BIOLOGY IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 746-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold F. Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Leaf Roller ◽  
Dimethyl Phosphate ◽  
Azinphos Methyl ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Tree Leaf ◽  
Archips Argyrospilus ◽  
Green Stage

AbstractThe fruit-tree leaf roller, Archips argyrospilus (Walker), overwinters in the egg stage. In 1969, at Kelowna, B.C., the eggs were not affected by winter temperatures of −32 °C. Eggs began to hatch during the half-inch green stage of apple bud development, and hatching was complete by the pink bud stage. Over 50% of the young larvae fed within developing buds where they were protected from direct contact with insecticides. Adults started to emerge in early June, and peak adult activity occurred during 12 June to 19 June. Only one generation was observed during the year. The first overwintering eggs were laid in early June and egg masses were numerous by the end of June.Diazinon, azinphos-methyl, and Gardona® (2-chloro-1-(2,4,5,-trichlorophenyl) vinyl dimethyl phosphate) gave seasonal control of the fruit-tree leaf roller when applied at the pink bud stage. Phosalone did not provide satisfactory control. When diazinon or azinphos-methyl was combined with oil, control was not improved and phytotoxicity occurred to the primary leaves of McIntosh and Spartan apple trees. Gardona® sprayed trees developed damaging numbers of the McDaniel spider mite, Tetranychus mcdanieli McGregor, by mid-July. None of the other treatments affected cither phytophagous or predaccous mites.

Morphology, Distribution and Identification of Micro-Constituents Along Grain Boundaries in Nickel-Base Alloys

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 176-177
Author(s):  
D. E. Fornwalt ◽  
A. R. Geary ◽  
B. H. Kear
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Rupture Life ◽  
Stress Rupture ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Precipitate Morphology ◽  
Stress Rupture Life ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Scanning Electron

A systematic study has been made of the effects of various heat treatments on the microstructures of several experimental high volume fraction γ’ precipitation hardened nickel-base alloys, after doping with ∼2 w/o Hf so as to improve the stress rupture life and ductility. The most significant microstructural chan§e brought about by prolonged aging at temperatures in the range 1600°-1900°F was the decoration of grain boundaries with precipitate particles.Precipitation along the grain boundaries was first detected by optical microscopy, but it was necessary to use the scanning electron microscope to reveal the details of the precipitate morphology. Figure 1(a) shows the grain boundary precipitates in relief, after partial dissolution of the surrounding γ + γ’ matrix.

A Comparison of Tem and Apfim to the Interpretation of Modulated Microstructures

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 70-71
Author(s):  
M.G. Burke ◽  
M.K. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Superlattice Reflection ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Atom Probe ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Miscibility Gap ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Probe Field

Interpretation of fine-scale microstructures containing high volume fractions of second phase is complex. In particular, microstructures developed through decomposition within low temperature miscibility gaps may be extremely fine. This paper compares the morphological interpretations of such complex microstructures by the high-resolution techniques of TEM and atom probe field-ion microscopy (APFIM).The Fe-25 at% Be alloy selected for this study was aged within the low temperature miscibility gap to form a <100> aligned two-phase microstructure. This triaxially modulated microstructure is composed of an Fe-rich ferrite phase and a B2-ordered Be-enriched phase. The microstructural characterization through conventional bright-field TEM is inadequate because of the many contributions to image contrast. The ordering reaction which accompanies spinodal decomposition in this alloy permits simplification of the image by the use of the centered dark field technique to image just one phase. A CDF image formed with a B2 superlattice reflection is shown in fig. 1. In this CDF micrograph, the the B2-ordered Be-enriched phase appears as bright regions in the darkly-imaging ferrite. By examining the specimen in a [001] orientation, the <100> nature of the modulations is evident.

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