PEST MANAGEMENT: CONTROL OF ARCHIPS ARGYROSPILUS AND ARCHIPS ROSANUS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) ON APPLE

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold F. Madsen ◽  
S. A. Potter ◽  
F. E. Peters
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Azinphos Methyl ◽  
Larval Emergence ◽  
Archips Argyrospilus

AbstractTwo leafroller spades are major pests of apple in British Columbia, Archips argyrospilus (Walker) and Archips rosanus (Linnaeus). Field observations showed that both species overwinter in the egg stage and that larval emergence times are similar. Experiments demonstrated that both species are susceptible to sprays of azinphos-methyl, diazinon, or trichlorfon applied at either the pink bud or petal fall stages. Dipel (Bacillus thuringiensis) failed to control larvae of either species.

A STRAIN OF FRUITTREE LEAFROLLER, ARCHIPS ARGYROSPILUS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), TOLERANT TO AZINPHOS-METHYL IN AN APPLE ORCHARD REGION OF THE OKANAGAN VALLEY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Vakenti ◽  
C. J. Campbell ◽  
H. F. Madsen
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Control Material ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Azinphos Methyl ◽  
Archips Argyrospilus

AbstractProbit analysis of the dosage response of first instar, fruittree leafroller larvae to azinphos-methyl indicated that a strain from a commercial orchard in East Kelowna, B.C. was 7.8 times more tolerant than a susceptible strain. Azinphos-methyl applied to experimental apple blocks in the same area did not provide satisfactory control. Leafroller damage as high as 10.5% was found in several orchards which had received multiple azinphos-methyl and other organophosphorous insecticide treatments. The development of an organophosphorous resistant strain of fruittree leafroller in this orchard area is strongly suggested. Bacillus thuringiensis applied at the pink stage of apple blossom development gave adequate control of fruittree leafroller in East Kelowna field trials and will be suggested as the control material for commercial orchards in this area.

FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE INTEGRATED CONTROL OF THE FRUITTREE LEAFROLLER (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (11) ◽  
pp. 1517-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold F. Madsen ◽  
Wesley W. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Winter Mortality ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Larval Emergence ◽  
Archips Argyrospilus

AbstractOverwintering eggs of the fruittree leafroller, Archips argyrospilus (Walker), began to hatch 13 April 1970, and larval emergence was completed by 8 May. Individual egg masses hatched in an average of 4.3 days, but the total time for larval emergence in all egg masses spanned a 25-day period. No egg parasites were observed. Winter mortality of egg masses was only 2%.A pink bud spray of diazinon gave good control of the fruittree leafroller and did not affect biological control of spider mites. Chlorphenamidine showed promise, but trees sprayed with this material developed a high population of the McDaniel spider mite, Tetranychus mcdanieli McGregor, during the summer. Phosalone and tetrachlorvinphos reduced the incidence of fruittree leafroller damage below that of the nonsprayed check but did not provide satisfactory control.

PEST MANAGEMENT: EXPERIENCE IN SIX BRITISH COLUMBIA APPLE ORCHARDS

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (8) ◽  
pp. 873-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold F. Madsen ◽  
H. Fred Peters ◽  
Jerry M. Vakenti
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Treatment Thresholds ◽  
Management Experience ◽  
Campylomma Verbasci ◽  
Archips Argyrospilus

AbstractA 2-year study on management of apple pests was carried out on six orchards in the interior of British Columbia. Sample techniques and treatment thresholds were satisfactory for most pests with the exception of fruittree leafroller, Archips argyrospilus (Walker), western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), and the mirid Campylomma verbasci (Meyer). The number of chemical sprays per orchard averaged eight when the study was initiated. In 1973, the sprays required for pest control were reduced to an average of 5.6 per orchard, and in 1974, this figure was further reduced to 3.1. This reduction in chemical sprays was accomplished without an increase in insect or mite injury to fruit or foliage.

Semiochemical-based integrated pest management of ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in British Columbia’s forest industry: implemented in 1982 and still running

2020 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
John H. Borden ◽  
Eveline Stokkink
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Programme ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Tolerable Level

AbstractThree species of ambrosia beetles (Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier), Gnathotrichus sulcatus (LeConte), and G. retusus (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)) have been estimated to cause annual losses of $95–$189 million in degrade of logs and lumber on the British Columbia coast, in Canada. A consultant-run semiochemical-based integrated pest management programme was implemented in 1982 against these beetles, following fulfilment of four prerequisites: (1) presence of receptive potential clients, (2) availability of semiochemical lures, (3) invention of an operational trap, and (4) proof of concept of mass trapping technology. The programme is based on two broad strategies: maintain the problem at a tolerable level and, if necessary, reduce the problem to a tolerable level. One measure of effectiveness over 12 years of mass trapping at a dryland sort near Sooke, on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, was 16.4 million beetles trapped and an estimated five to one benefit-to-cost ratio. Despite success, several factors have conspired to reduce the programme from 50 sites serviced in early years to 7 in 2018. Timber companies in British Columbia are currently showing renewed interest and are taking steps to incorporate the integrated pest management programme as a formal component of their overall operations.

scholarly journals Sequential application of bio-pesticide, botanical and chemical insecticide to manage aphid and pod borer attacking yard long bean

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Amin ◽  
AA Tarif ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
F Ge
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Aphid Population ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
Pod Borer ◽  
Population Reduction

Present study evaluated the effect of sequential application of a bio-pesticide (Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki) (Bt), a botanical (neem oil) and a chemical insecticide (cypermethrin 25EC) as well as cypermethrin 25EC alone in the management of aphid (Aphis craccivora) and pod borer (Maruca vitrata) attacking yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata sesquipedalis) in the field. In each treatment Bt, neem oil and cypermethrin were applied in alternative sequence as well as cypermethrin alone at 07 days intervals. All the treatments reduced aphid population and flower infestation after 24, 48 and 72h of treatment compared to untreated control. Aphid population reduction by the treatments over control was ranged from 34.4 to 71.9%, and the treatment with cypermethrin alone had the lowest abundance of aphid and flower infestation. The Bt followed by neem oil and cypermethrin significantly reduced the pod infestation by pod borer and increased yield (38.9–41.4%) over control with BCR: 1.85-2.16. Use of cypermethrin alone was most effective and showed the lowest pod infestation and revealed the increased yield over control (47.7%) with BCR 4.70. Considering the hazardous affect of cypermethrin alone, its application followed by bio-pesticide and botanical sequentially would be promising components for integrated pest management strategies against aphid and pod borer attacking yard long bean.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(3): 531-538, September 2017

Dietary specialization in two sympatric populations of killer whales (Orcinus orca) in coastal British Columbia and adjacent waters

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 1456-1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
John KB Ford ◽  
Graeme M Ellis ◽  
Lance G Barrett-Lennard ◽  
Alexandra B Morton ◽  
Rod S Palm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Orcinus Orca ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Killer Whales ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Dietary Specialization

Two forms of killer whale (Orcinus orca), resident and transient, occur sympatrically in coastal waters of British Columbia, Washington State, and southeastern Alaska. The two forms do not mix, and differ in seasonal distribution, social structure, and behaviour. These distinctions have been attributed to apparent differences in diet, although no comprehensive comparative analysis of the diets of the two forms had been undertaken. Here we present such an analysis, based on field observations of predation and on the stomach contents of stranded killer whales collected over a 20-year period. In total, 22 species of fish and 1 species of squid were documented in the diet of resident-type killer whales; 12 of these are previously unrecorded as prey of O. orca. Despite the diversity of fish species taken, resident whales have a clear preference for salmon prey. In field observations of feeding, 96% of fish taken were salmonids. Six species of salmonids were identified from prey fragments, with chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) being the most common. The stomach contents of stranded residents also indicated a preference for chinook salmon. On rare occasions, resident whales were seen to harass marine mammals, but no kills were confirmed and no mammalian remains were found in the stomachs of stranded residents. Transient killer whales were observed to prey only on pinnipeds, cetaceans, and seabirds. Six mammal species were taken, with over half of observed attacks involving harbour seals (Phoca vitulina). Seabirds do not appear to represent a significant prey resource. This study thus reveals the existence of strikingly divergent prey preferences of resident and transient killer whales, which are reflected in distinctive foraging strategies and related sociobiological traits of these sympatric populations.

Size Selective Predation Among Juvenile Salmonid Fishes in a British Columbia Inlet

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1503-1510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Prey Population ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Salmonid Fishes ◽  
Selective Predation ◽  
Initial Size ◽  
Salmon Fry ◽  
Series Of Experiments

Field observations suggest early sea mortality of pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and chum (O. keta) salmon fry is largely due to predation by juvenile coho (O. kisutch) salmon. A series of experiments demonstrates a strong bias toward the smaller individuals of the prey population. This results in an apparent growth rate 0.3–0.5% per day due to the biased mortality alone. With a high innate growth rate [Formula: see text], the prey are shown to "outgrow" the predator [Formula: see text], and hence become unavailable. Chums are shown to have an advantage over pinks through slightly earlier entry into the estuary and a larger initial size. The mechanism of selection used by the predator is not known from this study.

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