scholarly journals Evaluation of Efficacy of Different Insecticides Against Philaenus spumarius L., Vector of Xylella fastidiosa in Olive Orchards in Southern Italy, 2015–17

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Crescenza Dongiovanni ◽  
Giuseppe Altamura ◽  
Michele Di Carolo ◽  
Giulio Fumarola ◽  
Maria Saponari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Philaenus Spumarius

scholarly journals Dispersal of Philaenus spumarius (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae), a Vector of Xylella fastidiosa, in Olive Grove and Meadow Agroecosystems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Bodino ◽  
Vincenzo Cavalieri ◽  
Crescenza Dongiovanni ◽  
Anna Simonetto ◽  
Matteo Alessandro Saladini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Olive Grove ◽  
Coefficient Estimate ◽  
Philaenus Spumarius ◽  
South Italy ◽  
Median Distance ◽  
Olive Trees ◽  
Dispersal Kernels ◽  
Key Parameter

Abstract The introduction of the Xylella fastidiosa Wells bacterium into Apulia (South Italy) has caused the massive dieback of olive trees, and is threatening olive production throughout the Mediterranean Region. The key vector of X. fastidiosa in Europe is the spittlebug Philaenus spumarius L. The dispersal capabilities of P. spumarius are poorly known, despite being a key parameter for the prediction of the spread of the bacterium. In this study, we have examined the dispersal of P. spumarius adults in two different agroecosystems in Italy: an olive grove in Apulia (Southern Italy) and a meadow in Piedmont (Northern Italy). Insects were marked with albumin and released during seven independent trials over 2 yr. The recapture data were pooled separately for each agroecosystem and used to estimate the dispersal kernels of P. spumarius in the olive grove and in the meadow. The diffusion coefficient estimate for P. spumarius was higher in the meadow than in the olive grove. The median distance from the release point for 1 d of dispersal was 26 m in the olive grove and 35 m in the meadow. On the basis of our model, we estimated that 50% of the spittlebug population remained within 200 m (98% within 400 m) during the 2 mo period of high abundance of the vector on olives in Apulia. The dispersal of P. spumarius is thus limited to some hundreds of meters throughout the whole year, although it can be influenced to a great extent by the structure of the agroecosystem.

scholarly journals Sulfoxaflor and Natural Pyrethrin with Piperonyl Butoxide Are Effective Alternatives to Neonicotinoids against Juveniles of Philaenus spumarius, the European Vector of Xylella fastidiosa

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Dáder ◽  
Elisa Viñuela ◽  
Aránzazu Moreno ◽  
María Plaza ◽  
Elisa Garzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Similar Efficacy ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Philaenus Spumarius ◽  
Wide Range

The threat imposed by the bacterial pathogen Xylella fastidiosa to crops of utter importance to European agriculture such as olive, stone fruit and grapevine calls for immediate research against the meadow spittlebug, Philaenus spumarius (L.), the main European vector. Management tools should consider reducing juveniles of vector populations growing on weeds or cover crops during spring as nymphs have limited movement and do not contribute to disease spread. We examined a wide range of insecticides with different modes of action against P. spumarius nymphs in laboratory and semi-field glasshouse conditions. Pyrethroids (delthamethrin and λ-cyhalothrin) and natural pyrethrin (Pirecris®) + piperonyl butoxide (PBO) efficacy surpassed 86% after 24 h of exposure, without significant differences in the PBO amount tested. The inclusion of PBO caused a 3-fold increase in the mortality of P. spumarius nymphs compared to pyrethrin alone. Sulfoxaflor (Closer®) exhibited similar efficacy at 48 and 72 h but it was slow acting and mortality only reached 60% at 24 h. The LC90 was 34 ppm at 72 h. Pymetrozine, spirotetramat, azadirachtin and kaolin were not effective against nymphs (mortality <33%) although in azadirachtin-treated plants, mortality had a 3-fold increase from 24 to 72 h. Our results will help decision-making policy bodies to set up a sustainable integrated pest management of P. spumarius in areas where X. fastidiosa becomes a problem.

scholarly journals Landscape composition predicts the distribution of Philaenus spumarius, vector of Xylella fastidiosa, in olive groves

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 1101-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Santoiemma ◽  
Giovanni Tamburini ◽  
Francesco Sanna ◽  
Nicola Mori ◽  
Lorenzo Marini
Keyword(s):  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Landscape Composition ◽  
Philaenus Spumarius ◽  
Olive Groves

scholarly journals Diversity Evaluation of Xylella fastidiosa from Infected Olive Trees in Apulia (Southern Italy)

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania M. Mang ◽  
Salvatore Frisullo ◽  
Hazem S. Elshafie ◽  
Ippolito Camele
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Olive Trees ◽  
Diversity Evaluation

scholarly journals A FIVE-YEAR SURVEY IN TUSCANY (ITALY) AND DETECTION OF XYLELLA FASTIDIOSASUBSPECIES MULTIPLEXIN POTENTIAL INSECT VECTORS, COLLECTED IN MONTE ARGENTARIO

Redia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 75-88
Author(s):  
ELISABETTA GARGANI ◽  
CLAUDIA BENVENUTI ◽  
LEONARDO MARIANELLI ◽  
PIO FEDERICO ROVERSI ◽  
MASSIMO RICCIOLINI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
Philaenus Spumarius ◽  
The Family ◽  
Infected Area ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Very High ◽  
Cicadella Viridis

The vector‐borne bacterium Xylella fastidiosa(Wells and Raju) causes several serious diseases to plants. Recently, different subspecies of X. fastidiosa were reported in some European countries. The risk of the bacterium’s spread on the entire European territory is very high; therefore, it has been added into the priority pest list (2019/1702/EU Regulation). The main purposes of this work were to verify the presence of potential vectors in areas at a high risk of introduction in Tuscany and to ascertain the presence of X. fastidiosa in these insect vectors. Over 4,000 Auchenorrhyncha were collected and analysed from 2015 to 2019. Among the xylem sap-feeder putative vectors, most of the insects collected belonged to the family Aphrophoridae, but also many species of leafhopper were identified. Overall, in Tuscany four species were the most represented: Philaenus spumarius(L.), Cicadella viridis(L.), Synophropsis lauri (Horvath) and Neophilaenus campestris(Fallen).In 2018 an outbreak of X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex was reported in Monte Argentario (Grosseto province, Tuscany). In 2019 X. fastidiosa subspecies multiplex ST 87 was detected in seven P. spumarius and three N. campestris collected from the infected area.

scholarly journals Aphrophoridae Role in Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca ST53 Invasion in Southern Italy

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1035
Author(s):  
Ugo Picciotti ◽  
Nada Lahbib ◽  
Valdete Sefa ◽  
Francesco Porcelli ◽  
Francesca Garganese
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Transmission Control ◽  
Olive Quick Decline Syndrome ◽  
Olive Trees

The Philaenus spumarius L. (Hemiptera Aphrophoridae) is a xylem-sap feeder vector that acquires Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca ST53 during feeding on infected plants. The bacterium is the plant pathogen responsible for olive quick decline syndrome that has decimated olive trees in Southern Italy. Damage originates mainly from the insect vector attitude that multiplies the pathogen potentialities propagating Xf in time and space. The principal action to manage insect-borne pathogens and to contain the disease spread consists in vector and transmission control. The analysis of an innovative and sustainable integrated pest management quantitative strategy that targets the vector and the infection by combining chemical and physical control means demonstrates that it is possible to stop the Xylella invasion. This review updates the available topics addressing vectors’ identification, bionomics, infection management, and induced disease by Xylella invasion to discuss major available tools to mitigate the damage consequent to the disease.

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