scholarly journals Xylella fastidiosa CoDiRO strain associated with the olive quick decline syndrome in southern Italy belongs to a clonal complex of the subspecies pauca that evolved in Central America

Microbiology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 162 (12) ◽  
pp. 2087-2098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Marcelletti ◽  
Marco Scortichini
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Clonal Complex ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Olive Quick Decline Syndrome

scholarly journals Aphrophoridae Role in Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca ST53 Invasion in Southern Italy

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1035
Author(s):  
Ugo Picciotti ◽  
Nada Lahbib ◽  
Valdete Sefa ◽  
Francesco Porcelli ◽  
Francesca Garganese
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Transmission Control ◽  
Olive Quick Decline Syndrome ◽  
Olive Trees

The Philaenus spumarius L. (Hemiptera Aphrophoridae) is a xylem-sap feeder vector that acquires Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca ST53 during feeding on infected plants. The bacterium is the plant pathogen responsible for olive quick decline syndrome that has decimated olive trees in Southern Italy. Damage originates mainly from the insect vector attitude that multiplies the pathogen potentialities propagating Xf in time and space. The principal action to manage insect-borne pathogens and to contain the disease spread consists in vector and transmission control. The analysis of an innovative and sustainable integrated pest management quantitative strategy that targets the vector and the infection by combining chemical and physical control means demonstrates that it is possible to stop the Xylella invasion. This review updates the available topics addressing vectors’ identification, bionomics, infection management, and induced disease by Xylella invasion to discuss major available tools to mitigate the damage consequent to the disease.

scholarly journals Predisposing Factors for “Olive Quick Decline Syndrome” in Salento (Apulia, Italy)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Scortichini
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Local Cultivar ◽  
Fragile Environment ◽  
The Common ◽  
Olive Quick Decline Syndrome ◽  
Cultivar Susceptibility

Recently, a new severe disease has been reported in the Salento area (Apulia region, southern Italy) in the multimillennial olive agro-ecosystem, given the common name “olive quick decline syndrome” (OQDS). Together with Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca, some pathogenic fungi such as Phaeoacremonium spp. have been found associated with the disease. The main predisposing factors to the disease seem to be local cultivar susceptibility, depletion of some micronutrients in the soil that could be related to some agronomical practices favoring the depletion of soil fertility, an incorrect pruning cycle, climatic changes that result in increased soil waterlogging, and frost and drought events. The possible synergistic action of microorganisms other than X. f. subsp. pauca cannot be excluded. The features characterizing the areas where OQDS first appeared and subsequently spread, described and discussed here, would point to a rather fragile environment where one or more adverse climatic and/or edaphic factors could have acted together. The intrinsic peculiarities and management of the Salento olive agro-ecosystem could also have played a fundamental role in enhancing the virulence of X. f. subsp. pauca once introduced from abroad.

scholarly journals Isolation and pathogenicity of Xylella fastidiosa associated to the olive quick decline syndrome in southern Italy

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Saponari ◽  
D. Boscia ◽  
G. Altamura ◽  
G. Loconsole ◽  
S. Zicca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Olive Quick Decline Syndrome

scholarly journals Bacterial and plant produced lipids can exacerbate the Olive Quick Decline Syndrome caused by Xylella

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Scala ◽  
Nicoletta Pucci ◽  
Manuel Salustri ◽  
Vanessa Modesti ◽  
Alessia L’Aurora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Olive Quick Decline Syndrome

AbstractXylella fastidiosa is an insect vector-transmitted bacterial plant pathogen associated with severe diseases in a wide range of plants. In last decades, X. fastidiosa was detected in several European countries. Among X. fastidiosa subspecies, here we study X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca associated with the Olive Quick Decline Syndrome (OQDS) causing severe losses in Southern Italy. First, we collected Olea europaea L. (cv. Ogliarola salentina) samples in groves located in infected zones and uninfected zones. Secondly, the untargeted LC-TOF analysis of the lipid profiles of OQDS positive (+) and negative (-) plants showed a significant clustering of OQDS+ samples apart from OQDS-ones. Thirdly, using HPLC-MS/MS targeted methods and chemometric analysis, we identified a shortlist of 10 lipids significantly different in the infected versus healthy samples. Last, we observed a clear impact on X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca growth and biofilm formation in vitro liquid cultures supplemented with these compounds.Considering that growth and biofilm formation are primary ways by which X. fastidiosa causes disease, our results demonstrate that lipids produced as part of the plant’s immune response can exacerbate the disease. This is reminiscent of an allergic reaction in animal systems, offering the depression of plant immune response as a potential strategy for OQDS treatment.Author summaryGlobal trade and climate change are re-shaping the distribution map of pandemic pathogens. One major emerging concern is Xylella fastidiosa, a tropical bacterium recently introduced into Europe from America. Its impact has been dramatic: in the last 5-years only, Olive Quick Decline Syndrome (OQDS) has caused thousands of 200 years old olive trees to be felled in the southern Italy. Xylella fastidiosa through a tight coordination of the adherent biofilm and the planktonic states, invades the host systemically. The planktonic phase is correlated to low cell density and vessel colonization. Increase in cell density triggers a quorum sensing system based on cis 2-enoic fatty acids—diffusible signalling factors (DSF) that promote stickiness and biofilm. Xylem vessels are occluded by the combined effect of bacterial biofilm and plant defences (e.g. tyloses). This study provides novel insight on how X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca biology relates to the Olive Quick Decline Syndrome. We found that some class of lipids increase their amount in the infected olive tree. These lipid entities, provided to X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca behave as hormone-like molecules: modulating the dual phase, e.g. planktonic versus biofilm. Probably, part of these lipids represents a reaction of the plant to the bacterial contamination.

scholarly journals HPLC-MS/MS method applied to an untargeted metabolomics approach for the diagnosis of “olive quick decline syndrome”

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Di Masi ◽  
Giuseppe E. De Benedetto ◽  
Cosimino Malitesta ◽  
Maria Saponari ◽  
Cinzia Citti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Powerful Approach ◽  
Diffusible Signal Factor ◽  
Profile Changes ◽  
Olive Quick Decline Syndrome ◽  
Olive Trees

AbstractOlive quick decline syndrome (OQDS) is a disorder associated with bacterial infections caused by Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca ST53 in olive trees. Metabolic profile changes occurring in infected olive trees are still poorly investigated, but have the potential to unravel reliable biomarkers to be exploited for early diagnosis of infections. In this study, an untargeted metabolomic method using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS) was used to detect differences in samples (leaves) from healthy (Ctrl) and infected (Xf) olive trees. Both unsupervised and supervised data analysis clearly differentiated the groups. Different metabolites have been identified as potential specific biomarkers, and their characterization strongly suggests that metabolism of flavonoids and long-chain fatty acids is perturbed in Xf samples. In particular, a decrease in the defence capabilities of the host after Xf infection is proposed because of a significant dysregulation of some metabolites belonging to flavonoid family. Moreover, oleic acid is confirmed as a putative diffusible signal factor (DSF). This study provides new insights into the host-pathogen interactions and confirms LC-HRMS-based metabolomics as a powerful approach for disease-associated biomarkers discovery in plants. Graphical abstract

Xylella fastidiosa. [Distribution map].

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Central America ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. Gammaproteobacteria: Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae. Hosts: many. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Italy), Asia (Iran and Taiwan), North America (Canada, British Columbia, Ontario, Saskatchewan, USA, Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Delaware, Dstrict of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington and West Virginia), Central America and Caribbean (Costa Rica and Puerto Rico) and South America (Argentina, Brazil, Bahia, Espirito Santo, Goias, Minas Gerais, Para, Parana, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Sergipe, Paraguay and Venezuela).

Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa. [Distribution map].

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
North America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
District Of Columbia ◽  
Balearic Islands ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa Schaad et al. Gammaproteobacteria: Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae. Hosts: grapevine (Vitis vinifera), coffee (Coffea spp.), Prunus persica. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Germany, Spain, Balearic Islands), Asia (Taiwan, North America, Mexico, USA, California, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, North Carolina, Texas), Central America & Caribbean (Costa Rica).

scholarly journals Increase in ring width, vessel number and δ18O in olive trees infected with Xylella fastidiosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1583-1594
Author(s):  
Erika Sabella ◽  
Samuele Moretti ◽  
Holger Gärtner ◽  
Andrea Luvisi ◽  
Luigi De Bellis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Water Conductivity ◽  
Leaf Transpiration ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Olive Quick Decline Syndrome ◽  
Olive Trees ◽  
Tree Stem

Abstract Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) Wells, Raju et al., 1986 is a bacterium that causes plant diseases in the Americas. In Europe, it was first detected on the Salento Peninsula (Italy), where it was found to be associated with the olive quick decline syndrome. Here, we present the results of the first tree-ring study of infected and uninfected olive trees (Olea europaea L.) of two different cultivars, one resistant and one susceptible, to establish the effects induced by the spread of the pathogen inside the tree. Changes in wood anatomical characteristics, such as an increase in the number of vessels and in ring width, were observed in the infected plants of both the cultivars Cellina di Nardò (susceptible to Xf infection) and Leccino (resistant to Xf infection). Thus, whether infection affects the mortality of the tree or not, the tree shows a reaction to it. The presence of occlusions was detected in the wood of both 4-year-old branches and the tree stem core. As expected, the percentage of occluded vessels in the Xf-susceptible cultivar Cellina di Nardò was significantly higher than in the Xf-resistant cultivar Leccino. The δ 18O of the 4-year-old branches was significantly higher in infected trees of both cultivars than in noninfected trees, while no variations in δ 13C were observed. This suggests a reduction in leaf transpiration rates during infection and seems to be related to the occlusions observed in rings of the 4-year-old branches. Such occlusions can determine effects at leaf level that could influence stomatal activity. On the other hand, the significant increase in the number of vessels in infected trees could be related to the tree’s attempt to enhance water conductivity in response to the pathogen-induced vessel occlusions.

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