scholarly journals Insect Life: The Hidden Ecology of Black Flies: Sibling Species and Ecological Scale

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Adler ◽  
John W. McCreadie
Keyword(s):  
Sibling Species ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Ecological Scale

ELETROPHORETIC CHARACTERIZATIONS OF BLACK FLIES IN THE SIMULIUM VENUSTUM AND VERECUNDUM SPECIES COMPLEXES (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE)

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (6) ◽  
pp. 503-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. P. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Genetic Affinity ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Species Pairs

AbstractElectrophoretic characterizations of sibling species in the Simulium venustum–verecundum complexes are presented based on nine enzymatic loci. Simulium verecundum s.l. is easily separable from S. venustum s.l. by unique complements of electromorphs for lactate dehydrogenase. Quantitative and minor qualitative differences also exist between most pairs of sibling species within S. venustum and S. verecundum. Not all pairs are separable using the nine enzymatic loci scored in this study. This close genetic affinity of species pairs that are not separable by electrophoretic methods parallels their chromosomal and ecological affinity.

THE SALIVARY GLAND CHROMOSOMES OF TWO SIBLING SPECIES OF BLACK FLIES INCLUDED IN EUSIMULIUM AUREUM FRIES

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Dunbar
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
New York State ◽  
Chromosomal Polymorphism ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
York State ◽  
Wide Range

Two closely related dichromosomic sibling species of Eusimulium "aureum" were segregated cytologically in populations sampled from the Toronto area. The known range of these two so far included southern Ontario and Quebec, and New York State. Both siblings have extremely similar salivary gland chromosomes but they differ by four homozygously rearranged regions, all in the first chromosome, and in the degree of chromosomal polymorphism. Although sympatric over a wide range, the two siblings do not interbreed as evidenced by the failure to find critical heterozygous loops for the interspecific inversions, and the absence of common intraspecific inversions. Therefore the siblings represent two biologically distinct species.

THE SALIVARY GLAND CHROMOSOMES OF SEVEN FORMS OF BLACK FLIES INCLUDED IN EUSIMULIUM AUREUM FRIES

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Dunbar
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Black Fly ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
Polymorphic Species

Seven closely related cytological forms are known for the dichromosomic black fly E. "aureum". All these forms have extremely similar salivary gland chromosomes but they differ from each other by (1) the floating (intraspecific) rearrangements present, (2) the details of the sex-determining mechanisms, and (3) at least one homozygous (interspecific) inversion in the first chromosome. Six of these forms are accounted for as three sympatric sibling species pairs. Although certain allopatric forms may yet be identified as geographic variants of a polymorphic species, evidence is presented to show that all seven forms are biologically distinct species. Their phylogenetic interrelationships have been traced by means of the homozygous interspecific inversions.

Intraspecific variation in sibling species of Simulium venustum and Simulium verecundum complexes (Diptera: Simuliidae) revealed by the sequence of the mitochondrial 16S rRNAgene

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1202-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bai Xiong ◽  
Thomas D. Kocher
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Equal Frequency ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna Haplotype

A portion of the mitochondrial large ribosomal RNA gene was amplified and sequenced (460 base pairs) for 10 individuals of each of nine samples of black flies representing three sibling species of the Simulium venustum complex (CC, CC3, and AC(gB)) and two sibling species of the Simulium verecundum complex (ACD = Simulium rostratum and AA). Mitochondrial DNA haplotype heterogeneity was observed in all but the sample of S. verecundum AA from New Hampshire. The sample of S. venustum CC3 had a significantly larger number of haplotypes than other samples. A predominant haplotype was found in most samples except S. venustum CC3 and S. venustum CC from New Hampshire (nine haplotypes in the sample of S. venustum CC3 and two haplotypes with equal frequency in the sample of S. venustum CC from New Hampshire). The predominant haplotype was the same among the three samples of S. verecundum AA. Samples of S. venustum CC also shared haplotypes, but the predominant haplotype was different in each sample. Despite intraspecific variation, haplotypes are usually clustered on a conspecific basis.

DETECTION OF XENOBIOTIC SUBSTANCES IN MUTE SWANS’ (CYGNUS OLOR) BLOOD

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta STANKEVIČIŪTĖ ◽  
Solveiga Marija BARKAUSKAITĖ ◽  
Gediminas BRAZAITIS
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Wild Animal ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Cygnus Olor ◽  
Ecological Scale ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Mute Swans

During recent years the attention towards the effects of xenobiotic substances on wild nature has been steadily increasing. Literature reviews have revealed that active hormone-disintegrating substances might affect the reproduction of some wild animal species. Research shows anomalies of reproduction and development in various animal groups such as birds, fish, invertebrates and reptiles. Species inhabiting water and its surroundings cause the highest concern. Due to insufficient baseline information it is difficult to determine the extent of the problem in these wild populations on an ecological scale. The research described in this article is the first attempt to analyse xenobiotic substances and evaluate possible accumulation of pharmaceuticals in animals higher up in the food chain in Lithuania. This research tests new methods for to analyse for xenobiotics substances, which might be used in the future. Blood samples of 7 swans were examined using liquid chromatography, however, no xenobiotics were detected. Negative results do not eliminate the necessity for further investigate of larger samples, other species or to search for non-pharmaceutical xenobiotics.

Resistance to Pyrethroids and DDT in a Field-Mixed Population of Argentinean Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae)

1999 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 1243-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina M. Montagna ◽  
Olga L. Anguiano ◽  
Lidia E. Gauna ◽  
Ana M. Pechen De D'Angelo
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Population ◽  
Black Flies
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