THE SALIVARY GLAND CHROMOSOMES OF TWO SIBLING SPECIES OF BLACK FLIES INCLUDED IN EUSIMULIUM AUREUM FRIES

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Dunbar
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
New York State ◽  
Chromosomal Polymorphism ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
York State ◽  
Wide Range

Two closely related dichromosomic sibling species of Eusimulium "aureum" were segregated cytologically in populations sampled from the Toronto area. The known range of these two so far included southern Ontario and Quebec, and New York State. Both siblings have extremely similar salivary gland chromosomes but they differ by four homozygously rearranged regions, all in the first chromosome, and in the degree of chromosomal polymorphism. Although sympatric over a wide range, the two siblings do not interbreed as evidenced by the failure to find critical heterozygous loops for the interspecific inversions, and the absence of common intraspecific inversions. Therefore the siblings represent two biologically distinct species.

The salivary gland chromosomes of Prosimulium multidentatum Twinn and three forms included in Prosimulium magnum (Dyar and Shannon) (Diptera:Simuliidae)

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 943-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. O. Ottonen ◽  
Ramachandran Nambiar
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
New York State ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
York State ◽  
The Third

Further study of the morphology of salivary gland chromosome complements within the range described for Prosimulium magnum showed the species to consist of three cytologically distinct populations. The first two forms are without sex chromosomes, (1) a form analogous to the species chromosomal standard, P. magnum, (2) a form which is differentiated by the fixed inversion IIS-25, but (3) the third form has cytological XcYc sex determination. In the Great Lakes region these three forms of the P. magnum complex and P. multidentatum are sympatric in three separate areas, Michigan, Southern Ontario, and Western New York State. Natural hybrids between the forms have so far been obtained only infrequently, and the known hybrids are described. Some chromosomal aspects of speciation are discussed in relation to the present observations on the species complex.

The cytotaxonomy of three species in the jenningsi-group of the subgenus Simulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) in New York State

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Elizabeth Gordon
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
New York State ◽  
York State ◽  
Ancestral Condition ◽  
Finger Lakes ◽  
Finger Lakes Region

The chromosomal constitutions of three species in the jenningsi-group in the Adirondacks and the Finger Lakes Region in New York State are detailed. No sibling species were found in Simulium jenningsi, S. fibrinflatum, or S. luggeri in these areas. The species were found to differ by 6 fixed inversions and by 19 floating inversions. 4 of which are related to sex determination in S. jenningsi. The major chromosomal differences between the venustutm-group and the jenningsi-group are detailed. The ancestral condition for each arm was determined using ex-group and L′ analyses. A phylogenetic sequence for these three species from the ancestral condition is proposed.

scholarly journals Cryptosporidium parvum Infection Involving Novel Genotypes in Wildlife from Lower New York State

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 1154-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph F. Perz ◽  
Sylvie M. Le Blancq
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
New York State ◽  
Genotype 4 ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
York State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
Pcr Products

ABSTRACT Cryptosporidium, an enteric parasite of humans and a wide range of other mammals, presents numerous challenges to the supply of safe drinking water. We performed a wildlife survey, focusing on white-tailed deer and small mammals, to assess whether they may serve as environmental sources of Cryptosporidium. A PCR-based approach that permitted genetic characterization via sequence analysis was applied to wildlife fecal samples (n = 111) collected from September 1996 to July 1998 from three areas in lower New York State. Southern analysis revealed 22 fecal samples containingCryptosporidium small-subunit (SSU) ribosomal DNA; these included 10 of 91 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) samples, 3 of 5 chipmunk (Tamias striatus) samples, 1 of 2 white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) samples, 1 of 2 striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) samples, 1 of 5 racoon (Procyon lotor) samples, and 6 of 6 muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) samples. All of the 15 SSU PCR products sequenced were characterized asCryptosporidium parvum; two were identical to genotype 2 (bovine), whereas the remainder belonged to two novel SSU sequence groups, designated genotypes 3 and 4. Genotype 3 comprised four deer-derived sequences, whereas genotype 4 included nine sequences from deer, mouse, chipmunk, and muskrat samples. PCR analysis was performed on the SSU-positive fecal samples for three otherCryptosporidium loci (dihydrofolate reductase, polythreonine-rich protein, and beta-tubulin), and 8 of 10 cloned PCR products were consistent with C. parvum genotype 2. These data provide evidence that there is sylvatic transmission of C. parvum involving deer and other small mammals. This study affirmed the importance of wildlife as potential sources ofCryptosporidium in the catchments of public water supplies.

TRIPLOIDY IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF THE BLACK FLY CNEPHIA MUTATA (MALLOCH)

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Basrur ◽  
K. H. Rothfels
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Chromosomal Polymorphism ◽  
Genetic Exchange ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Female Progeny ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Black Fly ◽  
Standard Sequence

Populations of Cnephia mutata in southern Ontario contain both diploid and triploid individuals. The diploid form is bisexual and lacks chromosomal polymorphism except for a rearrangement involved in its cytological sex determining mechanism. The triploids are parthenogenetic; they produce female progeny only and are highly heterozygous for inversions. The banding pattern of the salivary gland chromosomes of diploids and triploids is very similar; the identical standard sequence occurs in both. The complete lack of autosomal inversions in diploids contrasted with their abundance in triploids indicates that effective genetic exchange does not occur between the two forms; they are reproductively completely isolated, although opportunity for cross-mating would seem to exist. The origin of polyploid parthenogenetic forms in black flies is discussed and the view is favored that they are autopolyploid and automictic.

Supernormal fluid pressures in sedimentary rocks of southern Ontario – western New York State

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Raven ◽  
K. S. Novakowski ◽  
R. M. Yager ◽  
R. J. Heystee
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Sedimentary Rock ◽  
New York State ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Gas Migration ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
York State ◽  
Monitoring Wells ◽  
Pressure Transducers

Fluid pressures up to 1.7 times greater than hydrostatic have been measured in argillaceous Paleozoic rocks of low permeability in southern Ontario and western New York State. These supernormal formation fluid pressures were measured at depths of 50–310 m using submersible pressure transducers with straddle packers and multiple-packer casings isolating the test intervals. Measurements were obtained over periods of 7–46 months following casing installations. The pressure measurements from 11 monitoring wells are compiled and supporting hydrogeologic data for 5 selected wells are used as examples to illustrate the occurrence of supernormal fluid pressures in the Ordovician, Silurian, and Devonian sedimentary sequence of southern Ontario and western New York State. Possible explanations for the occurrence of supernormal fluid pressures in sedimentary rock are evaluated considering the available geologic and hydrogeologic information obtained from the monitoring wells. Based on this review, it is hypothesized that gas migration and accumulation from deeper distant sources via permeable vertical pathways is the most plausible explanation for the observed fluid pressures, although secondary contributions from local neotectonic activity are also possible. The implications of such supernormal fluid pressures on regional groundwater flow in sedimentary rocks and related activities such as waste disposal in sedimentary rock are briefly discussed. Key words : supernormal fluid pressure, sedimentary rocks, gas migration.

scholarly journals THE HEALTH-RELATED TASKS PAID CAREGIVERS IN NEW YORK STATE PERFORM IN THE HOME

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S216-S216
Author(s):  
Jennifer M Reckrey ◽  
Emma Tsui ◽  
R S Morrison ◽  
Emma Geduldig ◽  
Robyn Stone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
New York State ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
York State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Paid Caregivers ◽  
At Home

Abstract Paid caregivers (e.g. home health aides, personal care attendants) are formally tasked with helping older adults with functional impairment meet their basic needs at home. This study used semi-structured interviews (n=30) with dyads of patients or their proxies and their paid caregivers in New York City to 1) understand the range of health-related tasks paid caregivers perform in the home and 2) determine if these tasks are taught in the New York State government’s Department of Health curricula. We found that patients, proxies, and paid caregivers all described that paid caregivers performed a wide range of health-related tasks that were often not a part of their formal training. Creating clear competencies for paid caregivers that reflect the full breadth of health-related tasks they may perform at home will help maximize the potentially positive impact of the paid caregiver workforce on the lives of patients living at home with functional impairment.

A Technical Overview of the New York State Mesonet Standard Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1827-1845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerald A. Brotzge ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
C. D. Thorncroft ◽  
E. Joseph ◽  
N. Bain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
New York State ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Data Quality Control ◽  
Weather Extremes ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
York State ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractThe New York State Mesonet (NYSM) is a network of 126 standard environmental monitoring stations deployed statewide with an average spacing of 27 km. The primary goal of the NYSM is to provide high-quality weather data at high spatial and temporal scales to improve atmospheric monitoring and prediction, especially for extreme weather events. As compared with other statewide networks, the NYSM faced considerable deployment obstacles with New York’s complex terrain, forests, and very rural and urban areas; its wide range of weather extremes; and its harsh winter conditions. To overcome these challenges, the NYSM adopted a number of innovations unique among statewide monitoring systems, including 1) strict adherence to international siting standards and metadata documentation; 2) a hardened system design to facilitate continued operations during extreme, high-impact weather; 3) a station design optimized to monitor winter weather conditions; and 4) a camera installed at every site to aid situational awareness. The network was completed in spring of 2018 and provides data and products to a variety of sectors including weather monitoring and forecasting, emergency management, agriculture, transportation, utilities, and education. This paper focuses on the standard network of the NYSM and reviews the network siting, site configuration, sensors, site communications and power, network operations and maintenance, data quality control, and dissemination. A few example analyses are shown that highlight the benefits of the NYSM.

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