The Role of Male Variation in Fertilization Success in Determining the Costs and Benefits of Polyandry in the Broadcast Spawning Urchin Lytechinus variegatus

2018 ◽  
Vol 235 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Betters ◽  
Don R. Levitan
Keyword(s):  
Fertilization Success ◽  
Lytechinus Variegatus ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Broadcast Spawning

Hostile Takeovers and Anti-takeover Defenses in the Russian Corporate Market

2007 ◽  
pp. 70-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Demidova
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Hostile Takeovers ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Takeover Defenses ◽  
The Cost ◽  
European Markets

This article analyzes definitions and the role of hostile takeovers at the Russian and European markets for corporate control. It develops the methodology of assessing the efficiency of anti-takeover defenses adapted to the conditions of the Russian market. The paper uses the cost-benefit analysis, where the costs and benefits of the pre-bid and post-bid defenses are compared.

The Ethics of Petroleum

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathon W. Moses ◽  
Bjørn Letnes
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Corporate Citizenship ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Oil Company

This chapter considers the role of international oil companies (IOCs) as global political actors with significant economic and political power. In doing so, we weigh the ethical costs and benefits for individuals, companies, and states alike. Using the concepts of “corporate social responsibility” (CSR) and “corporate citizenship” as points of departure, we consider the extent to which international oil companies have social and political responsibilities in the countries where they operate and what the host country can do to encourage this sort of behavior. We examine the nature of anticorruption legislation in several of the sending countries (including Norway), and look closely at how the Norwegian national oil company (NOC), Statoil, has navigated these ethical waters.

The Acceptance of Party Unity in Parliamentary Democracies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Willumsen
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Parliamentary Democracies ◽  
Survey Questions ◽  
Ideal Policy ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Policy Incentives

The central argument of this book is that voting unity in European legislatures is not primarily the result of the ‘disciplining’ power of the leadership of parliamentary parties, but rather the result of a combination of ideological homogeneity through self-selection into political parties and the calculations of individual legislators about their own long-term benefits. Despite the central role of policy preferences in the subsequent behaviour of legislators, preferences at the level of the individual legislator have been almost entirely neglected in the study of parliaments and legislative behaviour. The book measures these using an until now under-utilized resource: parliamentary surveys. Building on these, the book develops measures of policy incentives of legislators to dissent from their parliamentary parties, and show that preference similarity amongst legislators explains a very substantial proportion of party unity, yet alone cannot explain all of it. Analysing the attitudes of legislators to the demands of party unity, and what drives these attitudes, the book argues that what explains the observed unity (beyond what preference similarity would explain) is the conscious acceptance by MPs that the long-term benefits of belonging to a united party (such as increased influence on legislation, lower transaction costs, and better chances of gaining office) outweigh the short-terms benefits of always voting for their ideal policy outcome. The book buttresses this argument through the analysis of both open-ended survey questions as well as survey questions on the costs and benefits of belonging to a political party in a legislature.

Vertical Trade Relationships: The Role of Dependence and Symmetry in Attaining Organizational Goals

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauranne Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Performance Goals ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Strong Ties ◽  
Organizational Goals ◽  
Vertical Trade ◽  
Trade Relationships ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trade Partners

The perspective that dependence on vertical trade partners should be avoided has been countered recently by the view that there are advantages to strong ties between firms. The author offers a framework from which trade partners can assess the potential costs and benefits of trade relationships and empirically investigates the impact of trade relationships on the firm's ability to realize performance goals.

scholarly journals Telemedicine and Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Quentin Eichbaum
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Remote Locations ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Transmission Of Information ◽  
Utilization Patterns ◽  
Provide Health Care

Abstract Telemedicine refers to the use of telecommunication technologies for the purpose of transmitting medical information between physically separated clinical sites, in order to provide health care to patients at such remote locations. Additionally, telemedicine can be used to educate health care workers and students at distant locations. Telemedicine technologies can be categorized as either ‘store-andforward’ or ‘interactive’ (or ‘synchronous/asynchronous’) depending on the timing of the transmission of information. This review focuses on applications of telemedicine to the field of obstetric and gynecologic (Obs/Gyne) ultrasound. It also examines the utilization patterns of telemedicine, as well as its costs and benefits. Finally, this article examines the role of telemedicine in medical education, specifically also with reference to Obs/Gyne ultrasound.

ASSESSING THE WELFARE EFFECTS OF PROMOTING BIOMASS GROWTH AND THE USE OF BIOENERGY

2013 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 1350003 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOMMY LUNDGREN ◽  
PER-OLOV MARKLUND
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Welfare Effects ◽  
Biomass Growth ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
Balanced Measure ◽  
Positive Climate

Using a growth model that accounts for environmental and climate externalities, we take a closer look at the welfare effects of promoting biomass growth and the use of bioenergy, and especially the role of carbon neutrality. As an illustration, a hypothetical intensive forest cultivation project is simulated. Costs and benefits of the project show that only determining the postive effects of promoting biomass growth and the use of bioenergy, such as substitution away from fossil fuels and carbon sequestration is not sufficient. But more importantly, to achieve a balanced measure of the effects on the climate, we must also incorporate all carbon emissions that are associated with bioenergy. Not doing so will over-estimate the positive climate effects of increasing the use of bioenergy.

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