Applications of Internet of Things and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in Smart Agriculture: A Review

With the rapid advancement of technology and decline in human ability, technology has become a part of every aspect of our lives. Agriculture and irrigation are two domains in which man's potential may be exploited to its fullest. To commercialise in the industry, a variety of sensors and electronics devices are employed to keep prices down in a few domains. In order to save money and enhance the abilities of agricultural experts, UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) can be used for reconnaissance, pesticide and insecticide application, and bioprocessing mistake detection. When it comes to this application, both single-mode and multi-mode UAV systems will work just fine. On the other hand, this chapter identifies the challenges and limitations of IoT and UAVs connection in remote locations, demonstrating several use cases of smart agriculture and the advantages and applications of using IoT and UAVs in agriculture.

Impact of Charging on Battery Life and Battery Degradation in Electric Vehicles

Electrical vehicles are the future of the world; hence, there is a necessity to pave the way for the upcoming technology and to ensure its contribution to the society fairly. Nevertheless, if the EVs completely replaced the fuel-based cars, more EV charging stations would be needed which might develop overconsumption of the main grid power causing remarkable instability. Consequently, the micro grids become the solution to this problem, in which they are defined as relatively small networks of energy sources and loads at the distribution level that aim to provide electricity to remote locations where the charging stations are located. In this chapter, the EV is considered as a load to the micro grid indirectly through the EV charging stations. Thus, micro grid loads will be retrieved from experimental data of an actual prototype electric vehicle to reflect on the battery degradation in a micro-grid connected system.

Teleoperated Surgical Robot Security

Technology has greatly increased the availability of medical procedures in remote locations that are difficult to access, such as battlefields. Teleoperated surgical robots can be used to perform surgeries on patients over the internet in remote locations. A surgeon can remotely operate the robot to perform a procedure in another room or in a different continent. However, security technology has not yet caught up to these cyber-physical devices. There exist potential cybersecurity attacks on these medical devices that could expose a patient to danger in contrast to traditional surgery. Hence, the security of the system is very important. A malicious actor can gain control of the device and potentially threaten the life of a patient. In this chapter, the authors conduct a survey of potential attack vectors a malicious actor could exploit to deny service to the device, gain control of the device, and steal patient data. Furthermore, after the vulnerability analysis, the authors provide mitigation techniques to limit the risk of these attack vectors.

MANAGING MASS CASUALTIES IN LIMITED RESOURCE SETTING: A COMPARISON BETWEEN A PERIPHERAL HOSPITAL AND FORWARD TREATMENT CENTER

Objective: To share our experience of handling mass casualties at remote locations with an aim to help formulate a policy regarding future training of doctors. Study Design: Case series. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Thal Pakistan, from Jan 2016 to Sep 2018, including three months in Forward Treatment Center in operational areas. Methodology: The injuries due to war trauma were included in our study. Resource management and changes made to accommodate the influx of mass trauma that required damage control surgery were described. Results: A total of 16 casualties from two mass casualty incidents at two medical centers were included in our study. There was no difference in triage class (p=0.96). Splinter injury limbs were most common injury. One patient required damage control surgery done at Combined Miliary Hospital with most requiring hemostasis prior to transport (8 at Combined Military Hospital versus 3 at Forward Treatment center), p=0.346. Conclusion: Most of mass casualties at our hospital were minor injuries requiring immediate first aid. In addition, the damage control resuscitation and surgery done at these remote locations may have helped prevent mortality and morbidity in the more severely injured.

Remote Religion / Remote Region: Practicing and Researching Remote Religion in the Andaman Islands

Remoteness is an attribute that has often been negatively attached to island-spaces like the Andaman Islands, separated from the Indian mainland by the vast Bay of Bengal, located at the ‘liquid borderlands’ of South and Southeast Asia. The Covid-19 pandemic, on the other hand, has popularised the use of ‘remote’ methods of enabling religio-social interaction. The islanders of these geographically ‘remote’ locations use these ‘remote’ ways of connecting to perform their religious practices and maintain their faith networks, which is otherwise compromised due to the pandemic-induced restrictions on social gatherings. By exploring the ‘online’ global faith networks of the little-known Matua religion, as well as, the social, technical and logistical constraints in the devotees’ access to ‘remote’ religion, the paper addresses two questions: first, how do individuals play out their identities, both as islander and as devotee, ‘online’; second, what are the corresponding technological and logistical conditions that enable their ‘presence’ and who are the ‘absent’ actors. Drawing from remotely collected data, particularly online ethnography and telephonic interviews, the paper explores the mediating role of technology in destabilizing, as well as, solidifying concepts of remoteness and isolation, particularly in the peripheries of nation, during times of restricted mobility.

Organization of distance competitions in video conference form with parallel demonstration of results

The article presents the experience of conducting online contests as part of extracurricular activities. This experience can be useful in organizing distance competitions under the constraints of a pandemic, with remote locations of schools, as well as for involving children with disabilities in competitions. During the competition, for the objectivity of its results, the participants are given the opportunity to evaluate and self-evaluate. The article describes in detail the technology of preparing materials for the competition, which will allow everyone to independently develop their own version of the competition. To summarize the results of the competition, a method is presented to consolidate data from several Google forms in one document.The material will be useful for teachers, methodologists, heads of educational institutions of all types, students of higher and secondary pedagogical educational institutions.

Green and Transportable Modular Building: a prefabricated prototype of resilient and efficient house

Remote working proved to be an advantage in terms energy-saving as well as, for many, in terms of quality of life, while it was a necessity during the pandemic crisis of 2020/2021. This new habit is now promoted by many big enterprises due to associated cost savings. Some experiences of remote working in different locations have started to be supported by incentives in small municipalities to repopulate remote locations in Italy and people are now more inclined to move not just for vacation. These conditions could lead to a sort of “climatic nomadism” achievable, among other, through transportable homes. The net-zero energy Green and Transportable Modular Building (GTMB) project is able to cut its environmental impact. It can assume different configurations according to the user’s needs. The house is based on a timber construction system, easily adjustable and adaptable according to a modular framework. The energy performance has been simulated by means of BIM/BEM methodologies. The building has been tested in two different climates and configurations according to variable social interaction. The energy balance of the house in the life cycle showed the achievement of a carbon zero balance mainly due to timber technology, a heat pump, and PV integration.