Evaluation and management of wilderness injuries and acute illness in Iceland during the years 2017-2018

INTRODUCTION: In Iceland, wilderness search and rescue services are provided by volunteer members of the Icelandic association for search and rescue (ICE-SAR). The rescue teams respond to about 1200 calls every year, with a significant proportion of them involving injured and sick individuals. No previous studies have been done on the service provided by ICE-SAR teams. The aim of this study was to obtain information about the health services provided by ICE-SAR in Iceland. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data was obtained from the ICE-SAR‘s and the National emergency call service‘s (112) databases. Cases that occurred during the years 2017 and 2018 that required transfer and treatment at a health clinic or hospital were included in the study. All cases with no involvement of sick or injured and minor injuries managed on scene without tranport were excluded. Treatment on scene and during transport and preliminary diagnosis made by ICE-SAR teams was reviewed. The medical report at each treating medical facility in Iceland was reviewed for treatment provided and final diagnosis. RESULTS: A total of 189 operations with 239 individuals were included in the study. A majority of the operations were recorded in the South region of Iceland. The average age of individuals was 44,4 years, just over half of cases involving men. Accidents accounted for 86% of all cases where the most common incident was a fall resulting in lower extremity injury. Cardiac disease was the most common cause for acute medical illness. On-scene treatment and use of equipment was not recorded in over 70% of cases. CONCLUSION: The ICE-SAR teams provide health care on regular basis, most commonly after accidents involving the lower extremities. Illness treated by the ICE-SAR volunteers most commonly involves cardiac symptoms. Documentation of on-site treatment and equipment use is incomplete.

National Legal Framework to Protect the Right to Health and Right to Provide Health Care during the Covid Emergency Situation in Latvia

Global public health emergency due to the spread of Covid-19 required the government of Latvia to implement necessary measures to control the virus. Numerous measures were introduced as novel legal requirements for the general public as well as for users and providers of health care. Numerous legal provisions established restrictions on the rights of patients and health care institutions. Our study aimed to explore how a human rights-based approach might be and is integrated into national responses to the Covid pandemic in health care in Latvia during the first emergency situation lasting from 12 March to 9 June 2020. Our research showed that restrictions on the right of patients to receive and the right of health care institutions to provide health care services were introduced broadly. We established that the legal requirements for restricting human rights in health required by the Constitution of Latvia were not observed.

How the COVID-19 Pandemic Will Change Workplaces, Healthcare Markets and Healthy Living: An Overview and Assessment

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted most aspects of our lives: how we work, how we socialize, how we provide health care, and how we take care of our most vulnerable members of society. In this perspectives article, we provide a multidisciplinary overview of existing research covering these fields. Moreover, we enrich this research overview with news reporting and insights from a panel of expert practitioners affiliated with the Cornell Institute for Healthy Futures. We sketch existing evidence, focusing on how the pandemic has transformed our lives since March 2020. Then, for each of the fields covered by this article, we propose optimistic perspectives on what healthy living could look like in the future, given the current challenges and opportunities. In particular, we discuss the needed transformations of our workplaces, the health care market, senior living, healthy eating, and personal wellness.

Mask-Related Glasses Fogging: A Predisposing Mechanism of Falls during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Fogging is a relatively infrequent, yet annoying, issue encountered by individuals who wear glasses. With the arrival of COVID-19, glasses fogging is more common due to the ubiquitous use of face masks. Individuals are stuck wrestling between leaving their mask off or trying to navigate their day-to-day lives with fogged glasses and risk falling. We report a case of an olecranon fracture sustained due to reduced visibility secondary to mask-related fogging during the COVID-19 pandemic. The recommendations included here will provide health care providers with the necessary information to educate patients regarding prevention of mask-related glass fogging.

PREPAREDNESS RADIOLOGICAL SERVICES FOR THE COVID-19 EMERGENCY HOSPITAL IN WISMA ATLET KEMAYORAN

Effort reducing the severity of COVID-19, a flattening of the curve is needed which aims to prepare the treatment system so that the capacity of the hospital can treat patients and provide health care workers, to meet the minimum standard of radiological services during the pandemic, therefore necessary planning and control of radiology services to patients. This research is quantitative descriptive by analyzing the data and discussing the literature, the research was conducted in March-June 2020 in the department radiology of the COVID-19 Emergency Hospital in Wisma Atlet Kemayoran. Subjects of the study were department radiology readiness: facilities radiology, equipment, and conditions of workers, analysis of radiological services, as well as radiation protection and safety for workers and patients. Results for radiology facilities and equipment are very adequate in carrying out radiographic examinations, workers equipped with PPE according to standard operating procedures for handling COVID-19, Radiology services based on workload indicator staff need (WISN) analysis required 16 radiographers with an estimated number of chest radiograph examinations of 4000 patients, and 1 medical physicist. In applying for radiation protection, we must pay attention to the principles of distance, time, and shielding.

CAPACITY OF COMMUNE HEALTH STATIONS TO PROVIDE HEALTH CARE SERVICES FOR THE ELDERLY

Tuổi thọ tăng là một trong những thành tựu to lớn về phát triển kinh tế - xã hội nói chung và chămsóc sức khỏe nói riêng. Tuy nhiên, già hóa dân số diễn ra với tốc độ nhanh đặt ra thách thức lớn hệthống chăm sóc sức khỏe (CSSK) người cao tuổi (NCT), đặc biệt tuyến y tế cơ sở như các Trạm Ytế. Nghiên cứu này nhằm mô tả sự sẵn sàng cung cấp dịch vụ chăm sóc sức khoẻ người cao tuổi tạitrạm y tế.Nghiên cứu kết hợp giữa định lượng và định tính tại 15 trạm y tế và Trung tâm y tế huyện Cần Đước,tỉnh Long An, Việt Nam.Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy các trạm y tế chưa sẵn sàng cung cấp dịch vụ CSSK người cao tuổi dothiếu nhân lực y tế; chưa đảm bảo về thuốc, trang thiết bị (TTB) để khám sàng lọc, chẩn đoán và điềutrị các bệnh bệnh mạn tính thường gặp ở người cao tuổi (NCT) như: Tăng huyết áp (THA), Đái tháođường (ĐTĐ), Hen phế quả/Phổi tắc nghẽn mãn tính (HPQ/COPD) và ung thư.

Caring for Mothers: A Narrative Review on Interpersonal Violence and Peripartum Mental Health

Interpersonal violence in the perinatal period is frequent and should be considered a prominent health issue due to the risk of escalation of violence and the significant impact on mothers’ parenting after childbirth. Domestic violence during pregnancy can be associated with fatal and non-fatal adverse health outcomes due to the direct trauma to a pregnant woman’s body and to the effect of stress on fetal growth and development. Emotional violence is a risk factor for prenatal and/or postpartum depression. Recent studies focusing on abusive situations during peripartum and possible preventive strategies were identified in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, and ScienceDirect. All of the available literature was retrospectively reviewed with a special attention to peer-reviewed publications from the last ten years. Results of the present narrative review suggest that perinatal health care professionals (general practitioners, gynecologists, obstetricians, psychologists, psychiatrists) should promptly detect interpersonal violence during and after pregnancy and provide health care for pregnant women. It seems pivotal to guarantee psychological care for abused women before, during, and after pregnancy in order to prevent the risk of depressive symptoms, other mental or physical sequelae, and mother-to-infant bonding failure. There is an urgent need for multifaceted interventions: programs should focus on several risk factors and should design tailored care pathways fitted to the specific needs of women and finalized to support them across the lifespan.

Normal Neonatal Electroencephalogram at a Glance

Interpreting neonatal electroencephalogram (EEG) presents a challenge owing to rapid evolution of EEG patterns occurring during brain maturation in the neonatal period and rich variety of normal patterns of EEG activity, which is difficult to categorize completely. Furthermore, the description of some aspects during maturation varies in different studies. Neonatal EEG is unfamiliar to most neurologists, and its interpretation requires knowledge of the physiological markers of electrogenesis maturation. The purpose of this review was to provide health-care professionals in the neonatal intensive care unit with guidance on the more common normal maturational features of the neonatal EEG. A simplified layout with the essential elements of normal neonatal EEG is included.