Influential Outbreaks of Healthcare-Associated Infections in the Past Decade

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (S1) ◽  
pp. S70-S72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Outbreaks of healthcare-associated infections have long played a critical role in both identification and mitigation of emerging challenges in health care. This article describes some of the most influential outbreaks of healthcare-associated infections in the past decade that serve as excellent illustrations of this point.

Healthcare-Associated Infections: Not Only a Clinical Burden, But a Forensic Point of View

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 658-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Di Paolo ◽  
Luigi Papi ◽  
Paolo Malacarne ◽  
Federica Gori ◽  
Emanuela Turillazzi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Open Communication ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) occur when patients receiving treatment in a health care setting develop an infection. They represent a major public health problem, requiring the integration of clinical medicine, pathology, epidemiology, laboratory sciences, and, finally, forensic medicine. Methods: The determination of cause of death is fundamental not only in the cases of presumed malpractice to ascertain the causal link with any negligent behavior both of health facilities and of individual professionals, but also for epidemiological purposes since it may help to know the global burden of HCAIs, that remains undetermined because of the difficulty of gathering reliable diagnostic data. A complete methodological approach, integrating clinical data by means of autopsy and histological and laboratory findings aiming to identify and demonstrate the host response to infectious insult, is mandatory in HCAIs related deaths. Results: Important tasks for forensic specialists in hospitals and health services centers are the promotion of transparency and open communication by health-care workers on the risk of HCAIs, thus facilitating patients’ engagement and the implementation of educational interventions for professionals aimed to improve their knowledge and adherence to prevention and control measures. Conclusion: HCAIs are a major problem for patient safety in every health-care facility and system around the world and their control and prevention represent a challenging priority for healthcare institution and workers committed to making healthcare safer. Clinicians are at the forefront in the war against HCAIs, however, also forensic pathologists have a remarkable role.

Persisting intrahospital transmission of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and challenges for infection control

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 904-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Vock ◽  
Sarah Tschudin-Sutter
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Antibiotic Agents

AbstractIn the past several decades, the incidence of Klebsiella pneumoniae harboring resistance mechanisms against multiple antibiotic agents has increased on a global scale. We discuss reasons for ongoing transmission of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae in healthcare settings, which has resulted in the successful spread and establishment of this pathogen. It is now one of the most important causes of healthcare-associated infections worldwide.

Compulsory External Standardised Education for Decontamination Sciences: Going in the Right Direction or a Step Too Far?

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 383-388
Author(s):  
Angela Cobbold ◽  
Sue Lord
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Patient Contact ◽  
The Past ◽  
Jakob Disease ◽  
The Right ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Surgical Operations

In the United States, approximately 46.5 million surgical and medical procedures, including approximately 5 million gastrointestinal endoscopies are performed annually (Rutala & Weber 2008). In contrast, there are some 4.2 million surgical operations carried out annually in England (RCS 2012). The majority of these procedures involve patient contact with reusable invasive medical devices (RIMDs). Over the past 15 years, there have been significant changes in guidance and legislation relating to decontamination processes, mainly resulting from the focus on variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) (NSH 2001, DH 2003) and the need to tackle increasing problems with healthcare associated infections (HCAIs). Therefore, with approximately 350 NHS hospitals in England alone (RCS 2012), there is potential for a major risk of cross contamination for patients and staff.

scholarly journals Comparative Characteristics of the Incidence of Healthcare-Associated Infections in the Chelyabinsk region and in the Russian Federation in Total

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 56-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Orlova
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Hospital Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
General Demand ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Currently, the problem of prevention and treatment of healthcare-associated infections (HAI), only in hospitals from 5 to 20% of patients HAI get sick. In Chelyabinsk region, in comparison with the Russian Federation, the quantity of the infections connected with delivery of health care tends to growth. The greatest number of HAI is registered in hospitals of a surgical profile 70.3 ± 5.7% (in the Russian Federation - 31.4 ± 0.2%). In area hospital-acquired pneumonia steadily holds the first - second place in structure of HAI (38.2 ± 10.3%) in the country - the fourth - fifth (10.1 ± 5.1%). Detection of distinctions in structure of HAI in Chelyabinsk region and in the country in general demand further studying for the purpose of identification and introduction of the most effective preventive and antiepidemic actions.

scholarly journals Peran Perawat dalam Memutus Rantai Infeksi di Rumah Sakit

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosepine Megawati
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Standard Precaution ◽  
Health Care Associated Infection ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Penyakit infeksi masih merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan di dunia, termasuk di Indonesia. Infeksi yang terjadi di rumah sakit sekarang lebih dikenal dengan Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) dengan pengertian yang lebih luas tidak hanya di rumah sakit tetapi juga di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan lainnya. Perkembangan infeksi rumah sakit (Health Care Associated infection) sampai saat ini meningkat, mulai dari yang sifatnya sederhana sampai dengan yang kompleks, melibatkan berbagai faktor. Untuk dapat melakukan pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi khususnya infeksi rumah sakit, perlu memiliki pengetahuan mengenai konsep dasar penyakit infeksi. Kemampuan untuk mencegah transmisi infeksi di rumah Sakit dan upaya pencegahan infeksi adalah tingkatan pertama dalam pemberian pelayanan yang bermutu. Dalam pemberian pelayanan yang bermutu, seorang petugas kesehatan harus memiliki kemampuan untuk mencegah infeksi dimana hal ini memiliki keterkaitan yang tinggi dengan pekerjaan karena mencakup setiap aspek penanganan pasien. Saat ini, masalah infeksi makin banyak mendapat perhatian para ahli karena di samping dapat meningkatkan morbilitas maupun mortalitas, juga menambah biaya perawatan dan obat - obatan, waktu dan tenaga yang pada akhirnya akan membebani pemerintah atau rumah sakit, personil rumah sakit maupun penderita dan keluarganya. Hal ini jelas bertentangan dengan kebijaksanaan pembangunan bidang kesehatan yang justru menekankan peningkatan efisiensi pelayanan kesehatan.Perawat berperan penting sebagai pemutus rantai infeksi untuk menurunkan angka kejadian infeksi yang didapat di rumah sakit (HAIs). Perawat merupakan tenaga kesehatan yang berhubungan langsung dengan pasien dan dapat menjadi media transmisi infeksi baik bagi perawat maupunpasien. Perawat mencegah terjadinya infeksi dengan cara memutuskan rantai penularan infeksi (Craven & Hirnle, 2007). Perilaku perawat dapat ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan kinerja dan kepatuhan perawat dalam melakukan kegiatan pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi. Efstathiou, Papastavrou, Raftopoulos, dan Merkouris (2011) menyatakan perubahan perilaku perawat dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan dan kepatuhan perawat terhadap pelaksanaan standard precaution.

scholarly journals Echinocandins as Biotechnological Tools for Treating Candida auris Infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Elizabete de Souza Cândido ◽  
Flávia Affonseca ◽  
Marlon Henrique Cardoso ◽  
Octavio Luiz Franco
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
High Interest ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Echinocandin Resistance ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Candida auris has been reported in the past few years as an invasive fungal pathogen of high interest. Its recent emergence in healthcare-associated infections triggered the efforts of researchers worldwide, seeking additional alternatives to the use of traditional antifungals such as azoles. Lipopeptides, specially the echinocandins, have been reported as an effective approach to control pathogenic fungi. However, despite its efficiency against C. auris, some isolates presented echinocandin resistance. Thus, therapies focused on echinocandins’ synergism with other antifungal drugs were widely explored, representing a novel possibility for the treatment of C. auris infections.

scholarly journals EFEKTIFITAS MANDI CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE TERHADAP PENURUNAN ANGKA KEJADIAN HAIs: LITERATURE REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Tia Atnawanty ◽  
Sri Yona ◽  
Riri Maria
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Chlorhexidine Bathing ◽  
Health Care Associated Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
The Cost

INTISARI : Latar Belakang: Insiden Health-care Associated Infections (HAIs) atau infeksi yang berhubungan dengan pelayanan kesehatan di dunia semakin meningkat sehingga menyebabkan morbiditas, mortalitas, dan biaya tinggi bagi rumah sakit. Klorheksidin glukonat sebagai antiseptik dengan aktivitas antimikroba spektrum luas telah ditunjukkan dalam beberapa penelitian sebagaiABSTRAKLatar belakang: Penyakit infeksi di fasilitas kesehatan atau disebut juga Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs) menjadi masalah besar yang masuk ke rumah sakit karena dapat meningkatkan angka morbiditas (kesakitan), angka mortalitas (kematian) dan menambah biaya perawatan yang besar bagi rumah sakit. Chlorhexidine gluconate sebagai antiseptik dengan aktivitas antimikroba spektrum luas merupakan komponen penting dalam pencegahan infeksi. Rutinitas mandi harian di perawatan kritis dan intensif dan mandi sebelum operasi dengan sabun Chlorhexidine gluconatetelah menurunkan infeksi aliran darah, infeksi daerah operasi dan akuisi organisme patogen berbahaya dan resisten yang terdapat di rumah sakit. Namun karena belum konsistennya hasil penelitian terkait hal ini, akibatnya mandi Chlorhexidine belum dilakukan secara universal sebagai prosedur tetap dan masih menyisakan sampai sekarang. Kajian literatur ini bertujuan untuk menilai efektifitas mandi Chlorhexidine gluconate terhadap penurunan kejadian infeksi yang berkaitan dengan kesehatan dan mikroorganisme penyebabnya.Metode: Penulis melakukan pencarian literatur dengan mengumpulkan beberapa artikel terindeks yang berhubungan dengan topik yang diangkat menggunakan database seperti Clinical key, Elsevier, ProQuest , dan ScienceDirect dengan kata kunci chlorhexidine gluconate, chlorhexidine bathing, health care related infeksi .Hasil: Dari 3871 artikel umum, dilakukan penyaringan menjadi 269 artikel yang terkait, dikumpulkan sebanyak 16 artikel yang sesuai dengan topik dan 8 artikel yang sesuai kriteria sebagai bahan kajian literatur.Kesimpulan: Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa mandi dengan Chlorhexidine gluconate secara rutin penerapan “ bundles ” pencegahan dapat menurunkan prevalensi mikroorganisme berbahaya termasuk kuman patogen yang resisten terhadap antimikroba, namun efektifitas biaya, integritas kulit dan resistensi tetap harus. Kata kunci: chlorhexidine gluconate, mandi chlorhexidine, infeksi terkait perawatan kesehatan ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Infectious diseases in health facilities also known as Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs) are major problem facing hospitals because they can increase morbidity rates (pain), mortality rates (deaths) and increase the cost of care for hospitals. Chlorhexidine gluconate as an antiseptic with broad spectrum antimicrobial activity is an important component in infection prevention. Daily bathing routine in critical or intensive care and pre-surgery showers with Chlorhexidine soap have reduced bloodstream infections, surgical area infections and the acquisition of harmful and resistant pathogenic organisms found in hospitals. However, due to the inconsistency of research results related to this matter, as a result chlorhexidine bathing has not been done universally as a permanent procedure and still leaves debate until now. This literature review aims to assess the effectiveness of chlorhexidine gluconate baths in reducing the incidence of infections related to health services and their causative microorganisms. Metode: Penulis melakukan pencarian dengan mengumpulkan beberapa artikel terindeks yang berhubungan dengan topik yang diangkat dari beberapa database seperti Clinical keys, Elsevier, ProQuest dan ScienceDirect dengan kata kunci chlorhexidine gluconate, chlorhexidine bathing, perawatan kesehatan terkait infeksi .Hasil: Dari 3871 artikel umum yang disaring menjadi 269 artikel terkait, didapatkan sebanyak 16 artikel yang sesuai dengan topik dan 8 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria sebagai bahan studi literatur.Kesimpulan: Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa mandi dengan klorheksidin glukonat secara rutin dengan aplikasi “bundel” pencegahan infeksi dapat menurunkan prevalensi mikroorganisme berbahaya termasuk patogen resisten antimikroba, namun pertimbangan efektivitas biaya, integritas kulit, dan resistensi tetap harus diperhatikan. Kata kunci: klorheksidin glukonat, mandi klorheksidin, infeksi terkait perawatan kesehatankomponen tant dalam pencegahan infeksi di unit perawatan pasien. Salah satunya dengan rutinitas mandi sehari-hari di ruang perawatan kritis / intensif dan mandi sebelum operasi dengan sabun klorheksidin telah mengurangi infeksi aliran darah, infeksi area operasi dan didapatnya organisme patogen berbahaya dan resisten yang terdapat di rumah sakit. Namun karena ketidakkonsistenan hasil penelitian terkait hal tersebut, akibatnya mandi klorheksidin belum dilakukan secara universal sebagai prosedur permanen dan masih menyisakan perdebatan hingga saat ini. Tinjauan pustaka ini bertujuan untuk menilai keefektifan mandi klorheksidin glukonat dalam mengurangi kejadian infeksi yang berkaitan dengan layanan kesehatan dan mikroorganisme penyebabnya.Metode: Metode yang digunakan adalah penelusuran literatur baik nasional maupun internasional yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan database Clinical keys, Elsevier, ProQuest, dan lain-lain.Hasil: Dari hasil pencarian diperoleh sebanyak 22 artikel terkait yang dijadikan studi literatur.Kesimpulan: Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa mandi dengan klorheksidin glukonat secara rutin dengan aplikasi “bundel” pencegahan infeksi dapat menurunkan prevalensi mikroorganisme berbahaya termasuk patogen resisten antimikroba, namun pertimbangan efektivitas biaya, integritas kulit, dan resistensi tetap harus diperhatikan.

scholarly journals PRE AND POST EXPOSURE ANALYSIS OF CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE’S EFFECTIVENESS AGAINST BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION OF STETHOSCOPES

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
AISHWARYA HARIKRISHNAN ◽  
G. BHUVANESHWARI
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Blind Trial ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Objective: The present study is to assess the effectiveness of chlorhexidinegluconate as a disinfectant for the stethoscope diaphragm, to survey the routine practices followed by health care professionals (HCPs) towards stethoscope disinfection and to ascertain their general awareness on the matter. Methods: Questionnaire-based study conducted to assess the degree of awareness and attitude of HCPs towards stethoscope disinfection procedures. 200 responses were obtained and analyzed. Randomized, blind trial comparing bacterial load of stethoscope post-exposure to chlorhexidinegluconate vs. ethyl alcohol. The swabs collected from stethoscope diaphragm before and after exposure to disinfectant, were cultured using spread plate technique on nutrient agar. CFU count was compared. Results: Out of 200, nearly all HCPs part of this study were aware that stethoscopes could be linked to transmission of healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) but only 78.5% (157) were accustomed to stethoscope disinfection practices. Although only 13.5% (27/200) of participants believed that chlorhexidinegluconate was effective, this study found it to be highly efficacious against bacterial recontamination. Conclusion: We stress upon the importance of regular disinfection of the stethoscope after each use and encourage frequent cleaning of the device with chlorhexidinegluconate, which may reduce bacterial recontamination for a longer period.

Critical Gaps in Knowledge of the Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Healthcare-Associated Infections

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (S1) ◽  
pp. S4-S6 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Henderson ◽  
Tara N. Palmore
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Reporting Requirements ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Healthcare Epidemiology

The past decade has witnessed an intense interest in healthcare-associated infections as well as increases in legislation and reporting requirements aimed at decreasing the number of these costly infections. In the next decade, healthcare epidemiology must address major gaps in understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of healthcare-associated infections and in knowledge of the efficacy of interventions for healthcare-associated infections and the efficacy in implementing such interventions.

The Past, Present, and Future of Healthcare-Associated Infection Prevention in Pediatrics: Multidrug-Resistant Organisms

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (S1) ◽  
pp. S18-S21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron M. Milstone ◽  
Kristina A. Bryant ◽  
W. Charles Huskins ◽  
Danielle M. Zerr
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infection ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Organisms ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs) and healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are associated with increased lengths of hospital stay, increased costs, and increased mortality. We explore the scope of MDRO HAIs in children, current MDRO HAI prevention practices and data to support these practices, and we propose research topics targeting MDRO HAI prevention in children.

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