The Past, Present, and Future of Healthcare-Associated Infection Prevention in Pediatrics: Multidrug-Resistant Organisms

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (S1) ◽  
pp. S18-S21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron M. Milstone ◽  
Kristina A. Bryant ◽  
W. Charles Huskins ◽  
Danielle M. Zerr
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infection ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Organisms ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs) and healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are associated with increased lengths of hospital stay, increased costs, and increased mortality. We explore the scope of MDRO HAIs in children, current MDRO HAI prevention practices and data to support these practices, and we propose research topics targeting MDRO HAI prevention in children.

The Past, Present, and Future of Healthcare-Associated Infection Prevention in Pediatrics: Catheter-Associated Bloodstream Infections

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (S1) ◽  
pp. S27-S31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina A. Bryant ◽  
Danielle M. Zerr ◽  
W. Charles Huskins ◽  
Aaron M. Milstone
Keyword(s):  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Central Line ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infection ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Current Practices

Central line–associated bloodstream infections cause morbidity and mortality in children. We explore the evidence for prevention of central line–associated bloodstream infections in children, assess current practices, and propose research topics to improve prevention strategies.

Healthcare-Associated Infections Due to Multidrug-Resistant Organisms: a Surveillance Study on Extra Hospital Stay and Direct Costs

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 643-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guglielmo Giraldi ◽  
Marzietta Montesano ◽  
Christian Napoli ◽  
Paola Frati ◽  
Raffaele La Russa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Organisms ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Background: The increasing antimicrobial resistance poses a challenge to surveillance systems and raises concerns about the impact of multidrug-resistant organisms on patient safety. Objective: The study aimed to estimate extra hospital stay and economic burden of infections due to alert organisms - mostly multidrug-resistant - in a teaching hospital. Methods: The present retrospective matched cohort study was conducted based on the analysis of hospital admissions at Sant’Andrea Teaching Hospital in Rome from April to December 2015. Extra hospital stay was the difference in the length of stay between each case and control. All the patients developing an infection due to an alert organism were considered cases, all others were eligible as controls. The costs of LOS were evaluated by multiplying the extra stay with the hospital daily cost. Results: Overall, 122 patients developed an infection due to alert organisms and were all matched with controls. The attributable extra stay was of 2,291 days (mean 18.8; median 19.0) with a significantly increased hospitalization in intensive care units (21.2 days), bloodstream infections (52.5 days), and infections due to Gram-negative bacteria (mean 29.2 days; median 32.6 days). Applying the single day hospital cost, the overall additional expenditure was 11,549 euro per patient. The average additional cost of antibiotic drugs for the treatment of infections was about 1,200 euro per patient. Conclusion: The present study presents an accurate mapping of the clinical and economic impact of infections attributable to alert organisms demonstrating that infections due to multidrug-resistant organisms are associated with higher mortality, longer hospital stays, and increased costs. Article Highlights Box: The increasing antimicrobial resistance poses a challenge for surveillance systems and raises concerns about the impact of multidrug-resistant organisms on patient safety. • Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) have historically been recognized as a significant public health problem requiring close surveillance. • Despite several and reliable findings have been achieved on clinical issues, our knowledge on the economic impact of healthcare-associated infections due to multidrug-resistant organisms needs to be widened. • Estimating the cost of infections due to multidrug-resistant organisms in terms of extra hospital stay and economic burden is complex, and the financial impact varies across different health systems. • Evaluations of social and economic implications of hospital infections play an increasingly important role in the implementation of surveillance systems. • The costs of infection prevention and control programs and dedicated personnel are relatively low and self-sustainable when efficient.

The Past, Present, and Future of Healthcare-Associated Infection Prevention in Pediatrics: Viral Respiratory Infections

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (S1) ◽  
pp. S22-S26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle M. Zerr ◽  
Aaron M. Milstone ◽  
W. Charles Huskins ◽  
Kristina A. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Pediatric Infection ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Viral respiratory infections pose a significant challenge to pediatric infection prevention programs. We explore issues regarding the prevention of viral respiratory infections by discussing transmission of influenza A virus, isolation of infected patients, and hospital programs for influenza vaccination.

Persisting intrahospital transmission of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and challenges for infection control

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 904-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Vock ◽  
Sarah Tschudin-Sutter
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Antibiotic Agents

AbstractIn the past several decades, the incidence of Klebsiella pneumoniae harboring resistance mechanisms against multiple antibiotic agents has increased on a global scale. We discuss reasons for ongoing transmission of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae in healthcare settings, which has resulted in the successful spread and establishment of this pathogen. It is now one of the most important causes of healthcare-associated infections worldwide.

scholarly journals Are Invasive Procedures and a Longer Hospital Stay Increasing the Risk of Healthcare-Associated Infections among the Admitted Patients at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moti Tolera ◽  
Dadi Marami ◽  
Degu Abate ◽  
Merga Dheresa
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Invasive Procedures ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infection ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
The Impact

Background. Healthcare-associated infection is a major public health problem, in terms of mortality, morbidity, and costs. Majorities of the cause of these infections were preventable. Understanding the potential risk factors is important to reduce the impact of these avoidable infections. The study was aimed to identify factors associated with healthcare-associated infections among patients admitted at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Harar, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 433 patients over a period of five months at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained from a patient admitted for 48 hours and above in the four wards (surgical, medical, obstetrics/gynecology, and pediatrics) using a structured questionnaire. A multivariate logistic regression model was applied to identify predictors of healthcare-associated infections. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. Fifty-four (13.7%) patients had a history of a previous admission. The median length of hospital stay was 6.1 days. Forty-six (11.7%) participants reported comorbid conditions. Ninety-six (24.4%) participants underwent surgical procedures. The overall prevalence of healthcare-associated infection was 29 (7.4%, 95% CI: 5.2–10.6). Cigarette smoking (AOR: 5.18, 95% CI: 2.15–20.47), staying in the hospital for more than 4 days (AOR: 4.29, 95% CI: 2.31–6.15), and undergoing invasive procedures (AOR: 3.58, 95% CI: 1.11–7.52) increase the odds of acquiring healthcare-associated infections. Conclusion. The cumulative prevalence of healthcare-associated infections in this study was comparable with similar studies conducted in developing countries. Cigarette smoking, staying in the hospital for more than 4 days, and undergoing invasive procedures increase the odds of healthcare-associated infections. These factors should be considered in the infection prevention and control program of the hospital.

scholarly journals Multiple Secondary Healthcare-Associated Infections Due to Carbapenem-Resistant Organisms in a Critically Ill COVID-19 Patient on Extensively Prolonged Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support—A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Baba ◽  
Hajime Kanamori ◽  
Issei Seike ◽  
Ikumi Niitsuma-Sugaya ◽  
Kentaro Takei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Perianal Abscess ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Organisms ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Vv Ecmo

Patients with severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are at high risk for secondary infection with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). Secondary infections contribute to a more severe clinical course and longer intensive care unit (ICU) stays in patients with COVID-19. A man in his 60s was admitted to the ICU at a university hospital for severe COVID-19 pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation. His respiratory condition worsened further due to persistent bacteremia caused by imipenem-non-susceptible Klebsiella aerogenes and he required VV-ECMO. Subsequently, he developed a catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) due to Candida albicans, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) due to multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRP), and a perianal abscess due to carbapenem-resistant K. aerogenes despite infection control procedures that maximized contact precautions and the absence of MDRO contamination in the patient’s room environment. He was decannulated from VV-ECMO after a total of 72 days of ECMO support, and was eventually weaned off ventilator support and discharged from the ICU on day 138. This case highlights the challenges of preventing, diagnosing, and treating multidrug-resistant organisms and healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in the critical care management of severe COVID-19. In addition to the stringent implementation of infection prevention measures, a high index of suspicion and a careful evaluation of HAIs are required in such patients.

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