scholarly journals Peran Perawat dalam Memutus Rantai Infeksi di Rumah Sakit

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosepine Megawati
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Standard Precaution ◽  
Health Care Associated Infection ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Penyakit infeksi masih merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan di dunia, termasuk di Indonesia. Infeksi yang terjadi di rumah sakit sekarang lebih dikenal dengan Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) dengan pengertian yang lebih luas tidak hanya di rumah sakit tetapi juga di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan lainnya. Perkembangan infeksi rumah sakit (Health Care Associated infection) sampai saat ini meningkat, mulai dari yang sifatnya sederhana sampai dengan yang kompleks, melibatkan berbagai faktor. Untuk dapat melakukan pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi khususnya infeksi rumah sakit, perlu memiliki pengetahuan mengenai konsep dasar penyakit infeksi. Kemampuan untuk mencegah transmisi infeksi di rumah Sakit dan upaya pencegahan infeksi adalah tingkatan pertama dalam pemberian pelayanan yang bermutu. Dalam pemberian pelayanan yang bermutu, seorang petugas kesehatan harus memiliki kemampuan untuk mencegah infeksi dimana hal ini memiliki keterkaitan yang tinggi dengan pekerjaan karena mencakup setiap aspek penanganan pasien. Saat ini, masalah infeksi makin banyak mendapat perhatian para ahli karena di samping dapat meningkatkan morbilitas maupun mortalitas, juga menambah biaya perawatan dan obat - obatan, waktu dan tenaga yang pada akhirnya akan membebani pemerintah atau rumah sakit, personil rumah sakit maupun penderita dan keluarganya. Hal ini jelas bertentangan dengan kebijaksanaan pembangunan bidang kesehatan yang justru menekankan peningkatan efisiensi pelayanan kesehatan.Perawat berperan penting sebagai pemutus rantai infeksi untuk menurunkan angka kejadian infeksi yang didapat di rumah sakit (HAIs). Perawat merupakan tenaga kesehatan yang berhubungan langsung dengan pasien dan dapat menjadi media transmisi infeksi baik bagi perawat maupunpasien. Perawat mencegah terjadinya infeksi dengan cara memutuskan rantai penularan infeksi (Craven & Hirnle, 2007). Perilaku perawat dapat ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan kinerja dan kepatuhan perawat dalam melakukan kegiatan pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi. Efstathiou, Papastavrou, Raftopoulos, dan Merkouris (2011) menyatakan perubahan perilaku perawat dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan dan kepatuhan perawat terhadap pelaksanaan standard precaution.

Healthcare-Associated Infections: Not Only a Clinical Burden, But a Forensic Point of View

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 658-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Di Paolo ◽  
Luigi Papi ◽  
Paolo Malacarne ◽  
Federica Gori ◽  
Emanuela Turillazzi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Open Communication ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) occur when patients receiving treatment in a health care setting develop an infection. They represent a major public health problem, requiring the integration of clinical medicine, pathology, epidemiology, laboratory sciences, and, finally, forensic medicine. Methods: The determination of cause of death is fundamental not only in the cases of presumed malpractice to ascertain the causal link with any negligent behavior both of health facilities and of individual professionals, but also for epidemiological purposes since it may help to know the global burden of HCAIs, that remains undetermined because of the difficulty of gathering reliable diagnostic data. A complete methodological approach, integrating clinical data by means of autopsy and histological and laboratory findings aiming to identify and demonstrate the host response to infectious insult, is mandatory in HCAIs related deaths. Results: Important tasks for forensic specialists in hospitals and health services centers are the promotion of transparency and open communication by health-care workers on the risk of HCAIs, thus facilitating patients’ engagement and the implementation of educational interventions for professionals aimed to improve their knowledge and adherence to prevention and control measures. Conclusion: HCAIs are a major problem for patient safety in every health-care facility and system around the world and their control and prevention represent a challenging priority for healthcare institution and workers committed to making healthcare safer. Clinicians are at the forefront in the war against HCAIs, however, also forensic pathologists have a remarkable role.

scholarly journals Comparative Characteristics of the Incidence of Healthcare-Associated Infections in the Chelyabinsk region and in the Russian Federation in Total

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 56-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Orlova
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Hospital Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
General Demand ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Currently, the problem of prevention and treatment of healthcare-associated infections (HAI), only in hospitals from 5 to 20% of patients HAI get sick. In Chelyabinsk region, in comparison with the Russian Federation, the quantity of the infections connected with delivery of health care tends to growth. The greatest number of HAI is registered in hospitals of a surgical profile 70.3 ± 5.7% (in the Russian Federation - 31.4 ± 0.2%). In area hospital-acquired pneumonia steadily holds the first - second place in structure of HAI (38.2 ± 10.3%) in the country - the fourth - fifth (10.1 ± 5.1%). Detection of distinctions in structure of HAI in Chelyabinsk region and in the country in general demand further studying for the purpose of identification and introduction of the most effective preventive and antiepidemic actions.

scholarly journals EFEKTIFITAS MANDI CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE TERHADAP PENURUNAN ANGKA KEJADIAN HAIs: LITERATURE REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Tia Atnawanty ◽  
Sri Yona ◽  
Riri Maria
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Chlorhexidine Bathing ◽  
Health Care Associated Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
The Cost

INTISARI : Latar Belakang: Insiden Health-care Associated Infections (HAIs) atau infeksi yang berhubungan dengan pelayanan kesehatan di dunia semakin meningkat sehingga menyebabkan morbiditas, mortalitas, dan biaya tinggi bagi rumah sakit. Klorheksidin glukonat sebagai antiseptik dengan aktivitas antimikroba spektrum luas telah ditunjukkan dalam beberapa penelitian sebagaiABSTRAKLatar belakang: Penyakit infeksi di fasilitas kesehatan atau disebut juga Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs) menjadi masalah besar yang masuk ke rumah sakit karena dapat meningkatkan angka morbiditas (kesakitan), angka mortalitas (kematian) dan menambah biaya perawatan yang besar bagi rumah sakit. Chlorhexidine gluconate sebagai antiseptik dengan aktivitas antimikroba spektrum luas merupakan komponen penting dalam pencegahan infeksi. Rutinitas mandi harian di perawatan kritis dan intensif dan mandi sebelum operasi dengan sabun Chlorhexidine gluconatetelah menurunkan infeksi aliran darah, infeksi daerah operasi dan akuisi organisme patogen berbahaya dan resisten yang terdapat di rumah sakit. Namun karena belum konsistennya hasil penelitian terkait hal ini, akibatnya mandi Chlorhexidine belum dilakukan secara universal sebagai prosedur tetap dan masih menyisakan sampai sekarang. Kajian literatur ini bertujuan untuk menilai efektifitas mandi Chlorhexidine gluconate terhadap penurunan kejadian infeksi yang berkaitan dengan kesehatan dan mikroorganisme penyebabnya.Metode: Penulis melakukan pencarian literatur dengan mengumpulkan beberapa artikel terindeks yang berhubungan dengan topik yang diangkat menggunakan database seperti Clinical key, Elsevier, ProQuest , dan ScienceDirect dengan kata kunci chlorhexidine gluconate, chlorhexidine bathing, health care related infeksi .Hasil: Dari 3871 artikel umum, dilakukan penyaringan menjadi 269 artikel yang terkait, dikumpulkan sebanyak 16 artikel yang sesuai dengan topik dan 8 artikel yang sesuai kriteria sebagai bahan kajian literatur.Kesimpulan: Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa mandi dengan Chlorhexidine gluconate secara rutin penerapan “ bundles ” pencegahan dapat menurunkan prevalensi mikroorganisme berbahaya termasuk kuman patogen yang resisten terhadap antimikroba, namun efektifitas biaya, integritas kulit dan resistensi tetap harus. Kata kunci: chlorhexidine gluconate, mandi chlorhexidine, infeksi terkait perawatan kesehatan ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Infectious diseases in health facilities also known as Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs) are major problem facing hospitals because they can increase morbidity rates (pain), mortality rates (deaths) and increase the cost of care for hospitals. Chlorhexidine gluconate as an antiseptic with broad spectrum antimicrobial activity is an important component in infection prevention. Daily bathing routine in critical or intensive care and pre-surgery showers with Chlorhexidine soap have reduced bloodstream infections, surgical area infections and the acquisition of harmful and resistant pathogenic organisms found in hospitals. However, due to the inconsistency of research results related to this matter, as a result chlorhexidine bathing has not been done universally as a permanent procedure and still leaves debate until now. This literature review aims to assess the effectiveness of chlorhexidine gluconate baths in reducing the incidence of infections related to health services and their causative microorganisms. Metode: Penulis melakukan pencarian dengan mengumpulkan beberapa artikel terindeks yang berhubungan dengan topik yang diangkat dari beberapa database seperti Clinical keys, Elsevier, ProQuest dan ScienceDirect dengan kata kunci chlorhexidine gluconate, chlorhexidine bathing, perawatan kesehatan terkait infeksi .Hasil: Dari 3871 artikel umum yang disaring menjadi 269 artikel terkait, didapatkan sebanyak 16 artikel yang sesuai dengan topik dan 8 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria sebagai bahan studi literatur.Kesimpulan: Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa mandi dengan klorheksidin glukonat secara rutin dengan aplikasi “bundel” pencegahan infeksi dapat menurunkan prevalensi mikroorganisme berbahaya termasuk patogen resisten antimikroba, namun pertimbangan efektivitas biaya, integritas kulit, dan resistensi tetap harus diperhatikan. Kata kunci: klorheksidin glukonat, mandi klorheksidin, infeksi terkait perawatan kesehatankomponen tant dalam pencegahan infeksi di unit perawatan pasien. Salah satunya dengan rutinitas mandi sehari-hari di ruang perawatan kritis / intensif dan mandi sebelum operasi dengan sabun klorheksidin telah mengurangi infeksi aliran darah, infeksi area operasi dan didapatnya organisme patogen berbahaya dan resisten yang terdapat di rumah sakit. Namun karena ketidakkonsistenan hasil penelitian terkait hal tersebut, akibatnya mandi klorheksidin belum dilakukan secara universal sebagai prosedur permanen dan masih menyisakan perdebatan hingga saat ini. Tinjauan pustaka ini bertujuan untuk menilai keefektifan mandi klorheksidin glukonat dalam mengurangi kejadian infeksi yang berkaitan dengan layanan kesehatan dan mikroorganisme penyebabnya.Metode: Metode yang digunakan adalah penelusuran literatur baik nasional maupun internasional yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan database Clinical keys, Elsevier, ProQuest, dan lain-lain.Hasil: Dari hasil pencarian diperoleh sebanyak 22 artikel terkait yang dijadikan studi literatur.Kesimpulan: Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa mandi dengan klorheksidin glukonat secara rutin dengan aplikasi “bundel” pencegahan infeksi dapat menurunkan prevalensi mikroorganisme berbahaya termasuk patogen resisten antimikroba, namun pertimbangan efektivitas biaya, integritas kulit, dan resistensi tetap harus diperhatikan.

scholarly journals PRE AND POST EXPOSURE ANALYSIS OF CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE’S EFFECTIVENESS AGAINST BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION OF STETHOSCOPES

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
AISHWARYA HARIKRISHNAN ◽  
G. BHUVANESHWARI
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Blind Trial ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Objective: The present study is to assess the effectiveness of chlorhexidinegluconate as a disinfectant for the stethoscope diaphragm, to survey the routine practices followed by health care professionals (HCPs) towards stethoscope disinfection and to ascertain their general awareness on the matter. Methods: Questionnaire-based study conducted to assess the degree of awareness and attitude of HCPs towards stethoscope disinfection procedures. 200 responses were obtained and analyzed. Randomized, blind trial comparing bacterial load of stethoscope post-exposure to chlorhexidinegluconate vs. ethyl alcohol. The swabs collected from stethoscope diaphragm before and after exposure to disinfectant, were cultured using spread plate technique on nutrient agar. CFU count was compared. Results: Out of 200, nearly all HCPs part of this study were aware that stethoscopes could be linked to transmission of healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) but only 78.5% (157) were accustomed to stethoscope disinfection practices. Although only 13.5% (27/200) of participants believed that chlorhexidinegluconate was effective, this study found it to be highly efficacious against bacterial recontamination. Conclusion: We stress upon the importance of regular disinfection of the stethoscope after each use and encourage frequent cleaning of the device with chlorhexidinegluconate, which may reduce bacterial recontamination for a longer period.

Influential Outbreaks of Healthcare-Associated Infections in the Past Decade

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (S1) ◽  
pp. S70-S72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Outbreaks of healthcare-associated infections have long played a critical role in both identification and mitigation of emerging challenges in health care. This article describes some of the most influential outbreaks of healthcare-associated infections in the past decade that serve as excellent illustrations of this point.

HCAIs: A Statutory Code of Practice in England and Wales

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 266-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Gilmour
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Code Of Practice ◽  
Health Care Associated Infections ◽  
The Media ◽  
Mrsa Infection ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) such as Meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Clostridium difficile (C. dif) are never far from the media headlines. In January 2006 a leaked memo identified the government's concerns that its target of halving MRSA infection rates by April 2008 may not be met (Boseley 2007). During 2004–5, 30 people died following two outbreaks of C. dif at Stoke Mandeville (Boseley 2007). In this article the author will focus on and discuss in detail key components of the new Code of Practice on Health Care Associated Infections (DH 2006a) to show how legislation has provided the framework to ensure that not only do NHS bodies have a duty to comply with this Act but so do we as practitioners.

Healthcare associated infections caused by non-fermenting Gram negative rods (NFGNR): six years of experience of a tertiary hospital

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 06-12
Author(s):  
Zahidul Hasan ◽  
Md. Kamrul Islam ◽  
Arifa Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Blood Stream Infection ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Recently non-fermenting Gram negative rods (NFGNR) are playing an important role in healthcare associated infections. This observational study in a tertiary care hospital of Dhaka city conducted during 01August 2007 to 30 June 2013 found that 34.8% isolated organisms from patients with healthcare associated infections were NFGNR. Majority (74.3 %) of these infections were occurring inside critical care areas. Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter together constituted 79.6% of the total NFGNR whereas Burkholderia cephacia complex (15.4%), Stenotrophomonas (4.3%) and Chryseobacterium species (0.7%) combined constituted remaining 20.4%. Out of total NFGNRs, Pseudomonas was responsible for highest number of catheter associated urinary tract infections (55.6%), ventilator associated pneumonia (46.3%), respiratory tract infection (65.8%) and surgical site infection (70.6%). Blood stream infection was predominantly caused by Burkholderia cephacia complex (33.5%) and Acinetobacter spp. (39.5%). Other than colistin most of the organisms were resistant to antibiotics commonly recommended for NFGNR.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v7i2.19326 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2013; 07(02): 6-12

Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Acinetobacter

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-59
Author(s):  
A.G. Salmanov ◽  
O.M. Verner ◽  
L.F. Slepova
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Immunocompromised Host ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Major Clinical Problem

Species of the Acinetobacter represent opportunistic bacteria with a growing clinical significance for Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). In this literature review, we focus on the current role of Acinetobacter in infectious pathology and describe taxonomy, pathogenicity, and antibiotic resistance of these bacteria. Pathogenesis and regulation of virulence factors in Acinetobacter spp. are described in detail. The majority of acinetobacterial infections are associated with A. baumannii and occur predominantly in an immunocompromised host. Usually, acinetobacterial  infections  are characterized by local purulent inflammation; in severe cases, meningitis and sepsis may develop. Antibiotic resistance of Acinetobacter is a major clinical problem; therefore we give special attention to laboratory testing of resistance to antibiotics as well as identification of Acinetobacter.

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